Amasiko nezithethe Central Asia, inkcubeko, imibhiyozo abantu

Amasiko nezithethe Central Asia abe neengcambu ebanzi kakhulu ukuya umva eminyaka. Kwaye phambi kokuba ndachukumisa isiqulatho lwabo, kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ezinye ingqalelo umlando, nto leyo inikwa inzala mihla ithi yamandulo Central Asia.

Ilifa yembali kummandla

Central Asia wenze igalelo elikhulu ubugcisa, inzululwazi, izakhiwo kunye neencwadi yonke impucuko ehlabathini, ushiye uphawu soze imbali yethu eqhelekileyo. Kumaxesha amandulo amagcisa anobuchule kunye amakhoboka apha zakhiwa eningenakukholwa ngobuhle nobunjineli bayo amabhotwe neetempile, luhlaza imizi nemizana, uninzi lwazo kule mini na isivatho yehlabathi izakhiwo zembali. Zokuphila, ikamva yembali, izithethe namasiko Central Asia zichazwe kweli nqaku.

XIII-XIV eminyaka. e Central Asia eliphawulwe nexesha zolwakhiwo iingxande mkhulu kunye mausoleums echaphazela isilinganiso zabo ukulingana, ezihonjiswe eqaqambileyo iipateni, ezintle. Uninzi ezikhumbuzo kwelo xesha weza phambi kwethu. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho Registan Square esikhethekileyo, ngoko iziko Samarkand; entle Bibi-Khanum; isiqulathi yokungcwaba Gur-i-Amir, eyahluke evela kwabanye nge oluluhlaza nkundla yayo engaqhelekanga.

Neengcibi kakade XV-XVII eminyaka. sakhiwe kwi kwisikweri ka Samarkand izibonelelo ezifana Ulugbek, tilla-Kari kunye Schir Endore ( "nokwakha kunye njengengonyama"). Imbali lwezakhiwo Central Asia - ubungqina ecacileyo yokuba ukuba abantu bekusoloko umdali ezikhumbuzo ngokomoya nenkcubeko eziphathekayo zala mazwe.

1220 kwaba abantu Central Asia, eqalile - waqalisa Mongol ukuhlaselwa. amabutho Genghis Khan zaphinda zatshatyalaliswa iidolophu echumayo needolophana, wabatshabalalisa ezikhumbuzo yamandulo izakhiwo kunye nenkcubeko yezi zizwe. Kuba eminyaka, abahlaseli Wagcinwa kulo mmandla, yaye, Kakade ke, amasiko zaphenjelelwa kakhulu nezithethe Central Asia, ushiye uphawu yayo eba ukuze sibonwe nanamhlanje. Ngaphezu koko, nentwana ezahlukeneyo Mongol lokuhlasela lizele phantse onke amazwe i-Asia.

usapho

Intsapho kunye nosapho nezimiso abemi ezibalulekileyo Central Asia. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi abantwana. Iilwimi ezizwe bala mazwe ziqulathe aphorisms amaninzi phantsi abantwana: "A umntwana iindlela, njengentliziyo," "Kuya kubakho ulonwabo entsatsheni ngaphandle umntwana", "umntwana Native - uhombiso ekhaya", njl ...

usapho nganye uvuyo olukhulu novalo kunye ubona ukuzalwa komntwana. Esi siganeko inoyolo izithethe zakwaNtu. Ngokutsho isiko, utshayelela eziliqela ezilungileyo ihlale phezu amahashe (ukuba yonke into eyenzekayo kule lali) kwaye yenziwa nge ezitratweni, abavakalisa iindaba ezimnandi yokuzalwa kosana kwizalamane, abamelwane, abahlobo kunye nezihlobo, ngubani ebekwe kubo ngenxa yale ezahlukeneyo izipho kunye neminikelo, ukuvakalisa intetho savalelisa elungileyo "Makhe inzala yakho iphinda kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana", "Sinqwenela ukuba ubungqina kumtshato abantwana," njalo-njalo ...

ubudlelwane Family eMpuma basoloko wazibalula ngokuba conservatism yayo. usapho Traditional Central Asia liqela enkulu kangangoko labantu, equka uyise, umfazi wakhe, oonyana babo, nabafazi babo, abantwana ngamanye amaxesha abazukulwana, abahlala kunye endlwini enye. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba apha Tajikistan weentaba kwinkulungwane XIX, wadibana nentsapho abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu. efanayo enkulu, enyanisweni, kukho uluntu lucinga zabo zomhlaba kunye umgaqo "yonke ingeniso kwi yobuncwane jikelele." Nditsho ukutya osetyenzisiweyo ngokwemizalwane yabo kunye; bonke, abancinane nabakhulu, bahlanganisana etafileni enye. Ezi uluntu badla kakhulu eliyimbumba. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ubudlelwane bolshesemeynye baba esele elidlulileyo, nangona phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, ezinye ethnographers ziye zaphawula ukuba uyise ukushiya ikhaya, unyana usapho nokulungiselela engile yabo ingqalelo a sisithuko kakhulu.

Abantu abavela bommandla eyaziwa malunga ingqiqo intsapho enkulu, nangona apha amalungu ayo kuhlala Iiyurt ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kuphela 'zooyise "yurt wema bephuma abanye.

Ekupheleni usapho XX kwinkulungwane Central Asia unenzondelelo utshintsho. Apha oonyana omdala utshatile kwaye sele ke, bathi, ukuya kwi isonka ezamahala, ukudala kwemizi yakho. Kuphela, unyana omncinane, ilifa lonke ilifa kubazali, kwafuneka ukuba ashiyeke ngemva, ukuba ukujonga emva kwabo ebudaleni. Lo mgaqo, ngokuzenzekelayo, kubalulekile ukuba inani elikhulu iintlanga, kuquka nabantu eCaucasus.

Umtshato ku Central Asia

Xa iintsapho Central Asia kukho iintlobo ezimbini mitshato. Ngokutsho uhlobo lokuqala (exogamous) Indoda okanye ibhinqa eliselula Akuvunyelwe ukutshata kunye nezalamane kwicala zooyise isizukulwana 7. Le modeli luphawulwa ulwakhiwo kwemitshato Karakalpak, Kazakh kunye namalungu Kyrgyz. Olunye uhlobo zokwakha lomtshato (endogamous), xa abantwana batshata kufuphi nezalamane ezikude kakhulu, libhekisela Turkmen, Tajiks kunye Uzbeks. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ubudlelwane obuvakalayo ngokwemigaqo ezinye utshintsho ngenxa kwimimandla rhoqo iimfazwe, ngokutsha kunye nokuhlaliswa. Oku kuyinyani ingakumbi kubantu Turkmen, ezinokuthi zenzeke njengoko iintsapho exogamous kunye endogamous.

Nangona umahluko kwi siseko zomtshato, enye into sisisekelo: umyeni kufuneka ahlawule kamakoti ikhazi ngayo. Namhlanje, ngokuqhelekileyo na isixa esithile semali, kodwa zisekhona walondoloza ngokwesithethe udluliselo inani iinkomo njengekhazi lazo. amaqela bachelorette, yena, ngokwesithethe kufuneka alungise ikhazi, ngokuqhelekileyo eyenziwa iimpahla kunye nezinto zekhaya, kwaye abasemathanga phambi nekhazi ngokuyimfuneko kuquka nkqu yurt.

Xa abantu amadlelo Waphila isiko levvirata sikuko into yokuba lo mhlolokazi sanyanzeleka ukuba atshate omnye umzalwana iqabane ongasekhoyo. Oku kwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu zoqoqosho - yonke impahla yalo mntu uswelekileyo, ilifa umfazi wakhe, ukuba baye bahlala kwintsapho yakhe. Kuba namankazana, olu hlobo umtshato maxa wambi njenge ntlekele.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, wena weva amasiko akudala ezifana, njengoko 'isilili somtshato' xa abazali langena kwimvumelwano umtshato abantwana babo xa zazisaphila isanda, kwaye kumtshato inengeniso kunokuxhwilwa.

Holidays

Iiholide izizwe Central Asia ziye zabandakanya kuphela izithethe esisiseko, kodwa iindidi imidlalo, iimbambano zokuzonwabisa (leyo, ngasendleleni, wabonakalaliswa inter-clan usukuzwano), imidlalo abadlali, iimbongi neemvumi. Le misitho kakhulu ayeze kwaye yamandulo kwizizwana Central Asia na Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Fitr, Nowruz.

iindwendwe Mpuma e kumazwe Central Asia

Nkqu nabantu abangazange batyelela amazwe Central Asia, mhlawumbi sinengcamango yokuba iindwendwe oriental. Umnini bendlu akasoze alambe undwendwe lwakhe, ukuba uya kuhamba imizuzu emihlanu kuphela. Le theyibhile kuya zazizaliswe ezahlukeneyo ezidliwayo, iilekese, bakhonza iti elithozamisayo.

Abanye ababhali-mbali bathi ukuba isithethe iindwendwe e Central Asia yaziswa ngu namnye ngaphandle Genghis Khan, oze wazimela phantsi ebusa kwaba phantse onke amazwe Asia. ukuze yakhe ukuba zonke iindwendwe endlini efuna ikhusi, kufuneka zithathwe kunye nentlonipho okhethekileyo, ubuhlobo kunye nentlonipho, nokuba yabahambi - ungowasemzini ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko olwaphula le mfundo ukuhlala umnini owayelindele amashwa: ngokuqinileyo ebotshelelwe ezimbini zokulwa ezinamahashe kugungxula indlu yakho, elathi kumacala ahlukeneyo.

Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesi sizathu, lo wokubuk 'iindwendwe, leyo kungekudala baba na urhulumente, kwaye umthetho wokuziphatha, e Central Asia iyinto ebalulekileyo inkcubeko. Sukuvuma Abanini yokuhlala into kuphela xa ndwendwe izinto krwada.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezi zithethe kuye kwaphela thile namhlanje, kodwa wasinda.

ubudlelwane Family

Nobudlelwane phakathi kwezizwe Central Asia soloko kakhulu. Ngenxa kubulungu igama ethile unyanzelekile ukuba ukunceda abantu, "abo", nokuba kukho into isihlobo engalunganga. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo apha kukuba abantu abathatha isikhundla esiphezulu, ubajikelezile naye ngokwakhe kunye namalungu entsapho yakhe.

amaqhina Tribal zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bonke abemi Central Asia. Kukho lisiko ukuba abantu abaninzi baseYurophu oko kusenokubonakala ngathi kunokuba engaqhelekanga kwaye nzima: kuhambo lwakhe bevela kude umntu kufuneka eze izipho izalamane zakhe zonke, ezinye engunobangela amagama ngaphezu kwekhulu. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba Central Asia ndingemkanga elambatha.

Ukuhlonipha abadala

Eli siko yenye imisebenzi ummi ngamnye kummandla Central Asia, eyaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ukuhlonela abakhulileyo kufuneka kuthathwe, ukuba umahluko ubudala kwiminyaka nje embalwa. Junior kufuneka Uyayenza into ekholekileyo amakhulu, ukuba yokugqibela umcela kwindawo ethile ukuya, into ukuzisa okanye athathe amanyathelo ezinye endaweni. Ukulahla nelinye. Phambi bonke abantu abaphezulu kufuneka uthethe nokubamba. Ngenxa yoko, ongamaziyo lula ukujonga kakhulu kwi qela labantu. Ngenxa kule lwemigangatho yobudala igcinwa uqeqesho olungqongqo kwintlanganiso abaninzi: Ukuphulaphula abaphezulu ngaphandle kokuphazamisa, efumana izihlalo eziphambili.

abantwana abaninzi

Abantwana abaninzi naye inkalo yoluntu Central Asia. Intsapho ingaba abantwana 5-7 okanye ngaphezulu. Bavame iimeko apho enye intsapho kuzisa ngaphezu kwe-10 inzala. Umnqweno ukuba abantwana abaninzi - an intsingiselo yawo yamandulo Central Asia. Ubudlelwane phakathi abantwana basoloko eshushu kakhulu, abadala basoloko bekulungele ukunceda abaselula. We kukuba abantwana bazibandakanya kwangethuba kakhulu emsebenzini.

abafazi of the East

Women e Central Asia bebesoloko Bamnike ukubaluleka yesibini. Ubukhulu becala oku kungenxa ukuvela unqulo entsha apha. Islam liyalela abafazi ukuba babe kuphela indima owayamileyo. Kuzo zonke iintlanganiso, nokuba leeholide okanye sikhumbuzo, abasetyhini bajongane umhlala ukulujikeleza yakhe. Kwakhona, ngokutsho imithetho yonqulo, indoda Akuvunyelwe ukuphumeza umsebenzi yabafazi (ezifana yaziwa, phantse wonke umsebenzi ekhaya). Ngoko ke, amabhinqa baseMpuma bendisoloko wasebenza lukhulu.

Namhlanje, imeko abasetyhini kunye namadoda ekuhlaleni, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezisezidolophini, phantse alinganayo. Nangona uninzi iintsapho mihla bubonakala ngokucacileyo nokubaluleka babantu.

Imimandla ye Central Asia

Ummandla Central Asia, nesidibanisa amazwe amaninzi. Phakathi kwabo: i Republic of Kazakhstan, weRiphabliki Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan kunye Republic of Tajikistan. Central Asia inabemi abantu abangama-70 ezigidi. amasiko abo kunye nezithethe ubukhulu becala efanayo, kodwa kukho ezininzi umahluko.

Ngenxa yoko, Tajikistan, amasiko, nto leyo kakhulu umdla, yaziwa ngokuba umsitho womtshato emangalisayo. Tajik wedding ehamba kangangoko 7 iintsuku. Eyokuqala i umtshakazi nomyeni ukubhengeza kuzo zonke isigqibo ukutshata. Zombini ezi iintsapho ke amalungiselelo imisitho, nokuqhubeka iintsuku ezintathu.

Kwaye e Uzbekistan (ingakumbi ezilalini) nanamhla ezinye zezindlu ninesiko apho abasetyhini kunye namadoda wayalelwa ukuba ahlale kwiitafile ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona besanda indlu yeendwendwe kubamba izitulo zabo, iindwendwe waziwayo kufumana i kwindawo entle liqengqiwe lesuka engcwabeni.

Turkmenistan - urhulumente kakhulu okuvala zonke Central Asia. Kukho kunzima kakhulu ukufumana apho, kutshanje kuphela kweli lizwe kwakukho ukufikelela simahla kwi Internet, kodwa oovimba kunjalo ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle (ezifana no-Facebook no-Twitter) abasaqhubayo ivaliwe. Kunzima ukuba bathi abantu abahlala Turkmenistan. Abakhenkethi abaninzi ukufunda sibenokuthelekisa eli lizwe kunye North Korea. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imigaqo Islamic apha, kwakunye kwamanye amazwe Central Asia azikho namandla. Umzekelo, abasetyhini abatshatileyo abakwazi nokumgqubuthela ubuso bakhe itshefu, ukuba oku ngokuqhelekileyo usebenza intsapho yakhe.

inkcubeko Central Asia ucebile kakhulu. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, sahlala kunye sisebenza apha ezaziwayo-kakuhle iimbongi, ababhali, publicists kunye neemvumi. Ingakumbi umi ngaphandle nenkcubeko Kazakhstan. Hayi Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba umboniso yokuqala Kazakh "Amangeldy" yenziwa emva ngo-1939. cinema yakutshanje lizwe wasinika enjalo kakuhle yaziwa elivunywe tape njenge "eyakhiwe" yaye "Mongol". Kazakh inkcubeko utyebile ngokwenene yaye iquka leemveliso ezininzi kumabala emidlalo, iingoma, imisebenzi uncwadi, abathandanayo sazisa isithuba yonke post-eSoviet nangaphezulu.

The Republic of Kyrgyzstan ukususela kumaxesha amandulo eyaziwa nakwikhaphethi. Ekhaphethini apha - enyanisweni, le nkalo iphambili embindini kunye ubungqina kwimbali yamandulo lizwe. Ekubeni mata Kyrgyz zenziwe loboya, bona kunokuba sisidenge, kodwa hayi ephothiweyo.

dress kazwelonke Kyrgyz sihleli phantse butshintshe iminyaka 700, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. An into umdla kukuba abangatshatanga amantombazana iimpahla zidla ezihonjiswe engaqhelekanga ngaphezu abafazi abatshatileyo. Kakade ke, emizini kunqabile nabani na kubona iimpahla, indawo yayo yathathwa yi umgangatho European isuti.

ukugcinwa izithethe

Inkcubeko yakwaNtu kwizizwana Central Asia ilifa inani elikhulu lwezikolo ethathe imilo yezandla kunye nezakhono yesigqeba, iminyaka emininzi idluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Kukho okhoyo inkqubo zokufundisa, obizwa ngokuba "Ustoz-shogird", gama elo elithetha "inkosi-apprentice". Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umfana kufuneka achithe notitshala ixesha elaneleyo, esenokuba iminyaka emininzi, ukuze ufumane intsikelelo phezu umsebenzi wakhe. Ngenxa imithetho esekwe kakuhle of transfer kwezakhono ezivela kootitshala kubafundi, amasiko abazizityebi kunye emangalisayo kunye nezithethe Central Asia, uninzi lwabo baye basinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, yaye oku kwaziwa ukuba abe ngummeli wowona ulungileyo ukuchuma ekulondolozweni ungubani na uhlanga kunye naliphi na ilizwe.