Amalungu Homologous kunye nendima yabo ukuhlelwa izityalo kunye nezilwanyana

Namhlanje ehlabathini kukho zingaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka. Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala kulo mhlaba kunye nathi. Abaninzi kubo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco eziphilayo yonikezelo, leyo lee ngaphandle biogenesis ekhoyo. Ukuze kube lula ukufunda ubukumkani izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, izazinzulu ehlabathini jikelele kudala kwenza yonke ezaziwayo izinto eziphilayo kwindawo kucalulo ethile, edibanisa ngako iimpawu ngokubanzi eziphilayo. Xa kumiselwa nasiphi na isilwanyana, isinambuzane okanye isityalo ukuba uhlobo oluthile umdlalo indima amalungu eziphambili homologous, ezo isakhiwo efanayo amalungu ezahlukeneyo izilwanyana neentaka.

Ngoko ke, umzekelo, amalungu homologous zonke iintaka amaphiko nomsila, zonke izilwanyana - imilenze emine, izityalo - amagqabi neentyatyambo, njalo njalo. Ngenxa yoko sonke sabelana eyaziwayo izilwanyana, iintaka, izityalo kunye nentlanzi kumaqela athile kunye neentlobo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uhlobo ngalunye iimpawu zayo zombini ezifanayo nezahlukileyo ukuba zibalulekile ngokuthelekisa kuzo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

amalungu Homologous bamele abalinganiswa ezithile neziphambili uhlobo oluthile ephilayo nayo ezivumela isilwanyana kuhlala kwindawo ethile. Ngoko ke, zonke iintlanzi abahlala emachibini kuba nodonga enamaxolo leyo isebenza isuti ezikhuselayo, esivumela intlanzi ukuba angabonakali emanzini, kulula ukuba emke intshutshiso, kwakunye ukuze azikhusele ekuhlaselweni kunokwenzeka zezinye iintlobo. Ezifana amalungu homologous zonke sithiye neplanethi umsila kunye amaphiko, apho iintlanzi ukudada emanzini.

kanye Ingcamango amalungu homologous livela kwigama lesiLatini "gomos", gama elo elithetha "okufanayo". Oko kukuthi, imizimba ukuba kufuneka isakhiwo esifanayo, kwakunye kwindawo efanayo emzimbeni zezilwanyana okanye izityalo. Noko ke, le ukufana akasivumeli ukuba bathethe malunga nemisebenzi efanayo njengoko nje ngamana bangaba eyahlukileyo. Ngokomzekelo, isakhiwo esifanayo kwenkqubo skeletal le ngemilenze zonke izilwanyana neentaka. Noko ke, izilwanyana ziwasebenzisela intshukumo kumhlaba, iintaka - endisabela kuyo, nangona ukuba uyasaphula isakhiwo zazo zangaphakathi, oko kuya kuba iimpawu ezifanayo kakhulu.

Ukuba sithethe ubukumkani izityalo, amalungu zabo homologous thaca ezinamagqabi, stamens, isiqu, iingcambu kunye neziqhamo. Kuyo nayiphi na isityalo apho ingcambu nitievo-branched, apho sikhoyo eso sityalo egcinwe emhlabeni, kwakunye wamkela ash amandla, izimbiwa kunye nezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Amagqabi Plate kwezityalo ezisetyenziselwa carbon nokwenziwa kunye komphunga ukunyakama, kwaye kudala side zinti kufuneka ukuba kuziswe phezu ekukhanyeni kunye neentyatyambo moya befunda yaye amagqabi nosasazeko ngcono izityalo andise.

Izazinzulu ziye zaphawula amalungu homologous kwezityalo kumaxesha amandulo, yaye ekulungiseleleni amaphepha enzululwazi, zobulumko abaninzi baye bachaza umzekelo ubomi bezilwanyana kunye nezikumkani zezityalo njengesiseko yobukho evumelanayo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqondwe ukuba inkqubo kwemvelo izityalo ezininzi kunye nezilwanyana ziye zaguquka ethile, ngenxa yokuba abanye abasemagunyeni baye baphelelwa ukubaluleka kwabo atrophied, ngoxa abanye baye ngendaleko, izimele yaye wathabatha indima enkulu kubomi a ophilayo. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu ziye kwakhona aqiniseke ukuchaneka inyaniso elula ezizikhulelayo - ukuba naliphi na iqumrhu lisusiwe, oko uyafa off, ukuvumela abanye ukuba ukuphuhlisa womelele ngakumbi.

Eshwankathela zonke ngasentla, sinako zishwankathela ukuba amalungu homologous na amalungu ezibalulekileyo izidalwa eziphilayo, banayo ixabiso olufanayo morphological, Noko ke, unako ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweentlobo zezityalo okanye isilwanyana. Nangona ulwazi aqokelelwe lwenzululwazi ngalo mba, kusekho indawo uphando.