Yintoni na indawo ephakamileyo-ukuphakama? Ukuphakama achaze Asia

Bambalwa abantu khumbula esikolweni, yintoni endaweni uchaze. Le nto ichaza utshintsho njengoko nyukela iimpawu sezulu ukuyilwa isiqabu, onamatye ukwakheka lomhlaba, ngokunjalo enezityalo nezilwanyana. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ezinye izizathu, ezifana nengachanekanga nengcaciso malunga kwicandelo ngalinye, ephakamileyo ephakame kwizowuni landscape luphawulwa parameters kakhulu ngokuchanileyo kulinganiswa: zemozulu geomorphic.

Izityalo kunye namanye amacandelo eyenza ummandla omkhulu-endaweni

Nangona izityalo (nangona kwisahlulo sakhe rhoqo kwaye olutshintshayo zokuhlala) abekho kuzo zonke iimeko, ebonisa imo umqobo mihla ngokupheleleyo eziliqela, kufuneka kungasuki ukubaluleka kwayo ekubunjweni izimvo ngento indawo ephakamileyo-ukuphakama.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umbutho lwakudala yekhasi utyani zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo eziphakamileyo isiqabu ithathwa ngokuba eyamkelekileyo nengqondo. Ngeempawu amacandelo - uhlaza, ukwakheka komhlaba, imozulu, izilwanyana, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ngokubanzi lo mhlaba lungohlulwa lube yekhasi kwimimandla altitudinal. Kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo entabeni, ukuba zahluke kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, ummandla omkhulu-ephakame iintaba phambene iya kwahluka kwimimandla endaweni Tibet. Ukuze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngokuthembekileyo yahlula ummandla kule ndawo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kunika umqondiso bume iyonke.

Izizathu kuliwe altitudinal

Xa kuthelekiswa kumathafa, kwiintaba iintlobo ngeentlobo kakhulu aphezulu - ngamaxesha 2-5. Kodwa yintoni na unobangela 'eziphakamileyo "iindawo zendalo kwiinduli?

Imiba ephambili - oku ezintlomeni zeentaba, kunye Indawo yabo indawo. iindawo zendalo ukutshintsha malunga ngokufanayo xa uqhuba kwi eArabha ukusuka ezantsi ukuya entla. Noko ke, xa uqhuba phezulu entabeni sezwe olu tshintsho ebambekayo kwaye kwenzeka kwiindawo ezise iphantsi kakhulu.

High-yehla bhanti omkhulu ubuninzi ngoku kwi ezinezinga emvula. In the band isangqa Arctic kwi iintaba ukuphakama efanayo lincinane inani ezinjalo imimandla.

Imozulu ezintabeni

zonation Altitudinal ezintabeni ezingenakwahlulwa sezulu. Zonke ummandla eziphakamileyo lugubungela ezintabeni kwicala ngalinye, kodwa kuwo onke amanqanaba okufanayo kwi kwithambeka esahlukileyo. Emazantsi eentaba imozulu ifana kakhulu iimeko zemozulu amathafa ezingqongileyo. Ngaphezu amacandelo ngakumbi alungise, uze imozulu ngokwaneleyo kakhulu. Phezulu kukho endaweni ka permafrost nekhephu. Kwaye, efana, ukusondela iLanga - kunjalo, ngethiyori, ezifudumeleyo, kodwa enyanisweni akunjalo.

Nangona ngaphandle kwenzeka, kakhulu. Oku kungqina ukuba ummandla kwendawo i - hayi buyinto ekwanti, kwaye oko kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. ESiberia, kukho iindawo apho imozulu ongqwabalala apho unyawo ngaphezu kumathambeka. Oku kungenxa yokusilela ejikeleza lomoya emigodini phakathi kweentaba.

Yini ephawula ummandla omkhulu-ezindaweni Eurasia?

Le nwebu iintaba ukuya ezantsi, kokukhona inani kunye iintlobo lwemimandla yokuphakama. Urals - enye kwiindlela ezininzi ummeli intaba.

Kumazantsi kwendawo ephakamileyo ephakame ye phambene beentaba ngaphezu namaqanaba ngaphezu ngasentla, nangona iintaba olusemazantsi ngezantsi. Kumntla kukho kuphela ibhanti intaba-emathafeni.

kunxweme Black Sea kunye nommandla Amur-Sakhalin

Kubi ngakumbi kwimimandla umahluko kwi kuLwandle Black kunxweme zaseCaucasus. Ngeyure kude ngemoto, ungaya kwi kunxweme etropiki Sochi ukuba sub-esiluhlaza imozulu zaseCaucasus Koloni.

Kule ndawo Amur-Sakhalin ezendeleyo onke amaphondo wophawu efanayo - iziqwengana Isakhiwo landscape. Zahlula-hlulwe:

• gornotundrovuyu;
• podgoltsovy - kedrovnikah yene, woods ezinqabileyo Ajan nespruce, kodwa ukubal ezahlukeneyo ezinde ngamatye ingqalelo.

Kwi-Southern Sikhote-Alin zonke iimpawu ezithile kwemimandla Amur altitudinal.

nabo bakwicandelo ezongezelelweyo zezi zilandelayo: ephantsi iintaba strip (woods zomsedare namahlamvu ezibanzi zomhlaba kwakhiwa kuzo, kunye kwemozulu) Mid band (amahlathi imithi coniferous ezihambelanayo elo naphantsi), strip enkqayini (umxube conifer Proleski, ashinyeneyo yemisedare ukukhula Slanic, Ashera ezinde ilitye) Goltsovoye strip ngokwayo, apho kumathafa ngendlela ecocekileyo.

Ukuba imozulu iba ngakumbi njengezwekazi, kuhlelo ezinjalo zongezwa amahlathi avuthulukayo. Kwiintaba yasentshona South Sikhote-Alin amaxesha ezikhona intaba amatyholo tundra strip podgoltsevyh (okanye ezirhubuluzayo amahlathi entabeni), lo band ezigwenxa Erman, amahlathi ibhanti fir-nespruce (nespruce), ibhanti amahlathi broadleaf-nompleyini (amahlathi ngcu), umbhinqo amahlathi ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo ihlathi nebhanti .

Ukuxhomekeka le nezihlahla kunye phezulu entabeni

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yingqokelela yamagalelo yonge data ngendlela ephezulu nelona qondo liphezulu yehlathi strip kumzantsi Sikhote-Alin. Umda awo eziphakamileyo wadala langaphezulu ezincotsheni nemithi ethile kunye kwamaxandeka kuluhlu enye, uthatha izinto ezinkulu ngokwaneleyo yaye ifikelela neemitha ngaphezu kwama-300 nkqo.

Good obangela olubonakalayo jikelele kunye nokwanda ukuphakama phezulu nelona qondo liphezulu zehlathi nayo lwaye phezulu (isiphumo ukuphakama uluhlu). Noko ke, nangona ezintabeni kwaye kude elwandle mgama kuluhlu ukusuka km-15 ukuya 105, umlinganiselo phakathi ukuphakama komgca nemithi kwaye enkcochoyini phantse okufanayo ithambeka nganye. Le isiphumo singesiso ubhalo kakhulu, kwaye balindele, yaye ngoko ke kufuneka akukho ingcaciso.

Incoherence kubonakala kwinto yokuba lo myinge uphikisa impembelelo enkulu yolwandle kwi indawo umda ongentla yehlathi. Ukuze ube ngqo ngakumbi, ngaphakathi kwemida yoMzantsi Sikhote-Alin ulwandle impembelelo ziviwa nemimandla aphezulu amandla malunga ngokulinganayo. Oko kukuthi, ummandla omkhulu-ezinobude Eurasia azikho ixhomekeke njalo ekufumanekeni kweelwandle.

Kungenjalo, yobuninzi kuba ngaphezulu entabeni lonxweme ezinezinga (Hualaza-Litovka, Pidan-Livadijsky, Tavayza-Brusnichnaya) akukho mfuneko ibe nkulu. Apha kuchaphazela ifuthe umda ongentla eziphakamileyo yehlathi uluhlu yentaba. Ngokuhambelana kunye nale laka yabelwa kuphela Cloud Mountain, intaba liphezulu Southern Sikhote-Alin.

Ukuba achaze lo mba ngeendlela ezimbini: nokuba uluhlu ngeli nqanaba liphezulu kangangokuba amaqondo umbundu esicacisa amaplanga ifikelele kubude iphezulu kummandla, okanye efunyenwe kwindawo lizama njengotyani umda imozulu eliphezulu alukhange naphaya noko. Amacandelo kweendawo altitudinal ezendeleyo cranberry entabeni, linophawu kwiincopho inxalenye unxweme kunye South na Phakathi Sikhote-Alin, njengoko kuboniswe yi amahlathi ezintabeni eziphakamileyo oki.

zone High-ephakame - zesiganeko ekhethekileyo ngokwendalo

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni na ummandla omkhulu-ephakame umntu ukuba le meko yinqobo kakhulu ukuba Awekho imithetho jikelele. Kukho umntu imibandela emininzi ezikhokelela kuphuhliso imozulu, uhlobo kwezityalo nezilwanyana. Ulwazi kule ndawo kuvela ngenxa zophando ezininzi lwemethodoloji. Ukutshintsha inkululeko kuchaphazela izinga utshintsho imini nobusuku, kwakunye neenkqubo yezulu yamaxesha onyaka. Zonke iinkcukacha ngasentla, nangona kunjalo, ukuba uchaze ngokucacileyo oko ummandla omkhulu-ukuphakama. Ngamafutshane - utshintsho kwimimandla zemozulu ukwandisa ezintlomeni zeentaba.