Aleksey Kruchenyh: biography, umbongo

Le ukufa kabuhlungu wembongi Alexei Kruchenykh waphila ubomi obude, kodwa ukuba oku umdlalo. Yena uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphile ubomi umntu wamthiya esitratweni. ixesha eliqaqambileyo ubomi bakhe mfutshane, kodwa eqaqambileyo kakhulu, leyo olukhanyayo.

Intsapho Childhood

Wazalwa Alexei Kruchenykh Februwari 21, 1886 kwidolophana kwiphondo Oliwa Kherson kwintsapho elula. wafika uyise imvelaphi umlimi, yaqala ndibuvelela coachman phezu kwilifa, yaye ukuya kwiminyaka-8, eli Futurist elizayo wayehlala kwilali encinane izindlu-30, uze emva koko utata wagqiba ukuthengisa indlu elalini waza waba umqhubi cab e Kherson, ukuze ebuntwaneni Alexey wachitha kulo mzi . Apha Kruchenykh waphumelela kwisikolo aphezulu iiklasi ezintathu, yaye ngowe-1902 wangena kunyaka kwi Odessa Art College. Yaphela kanjalo Ndakhula amakhwenkwe cwaka. Ukukhetha le ndawo Uphononongo lwenziwe phantsi impembelelo umzalwana wakhe omkhulu, othe waba italente obalaseleyo ngumzobi.

ulutsha enemvukelo

Odessa College ngaloo mihla le kwizikolo best vutshila yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Aleksey Kruchenyh bafika amathemba ezingacacanga into eliqaqambileyo kwaye esikhanyisayo, abajongene nomsebenzi nzima, ukufunda iziseko lokuzoba yokwakha kunye nokwakheka. Esi sikolo efundisa ngokoqobo kwaye kule nesimbo Kruchenykh wabhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, nto leyo eyahlukileyo ukufana kunye nendalo, waqononondisa ubukho kwetalente obugcisa, kodwa umbhali abanomnqweno yaye ungabanjwa kule ingqondo yemveli. Ngeli xesha e Odessa yaba ubomi elinzima: yendyebo konwaba, esebenzayo umsebenzi iyantlukwano zezopolitiko, konke oku Alexis ukwazi. Yena inxaxheba kumsebenzi wesangqa abangabaxhasi bakaMarx kwaye nakanye babanjwa kuba uncwadi zavalwa, kwangaxeshanye zabanjwa Kruchenykh iyazazi Davidom Burlyukom, umseki ikamva Futurism Russian.

eyokuqala i call

Ngowe-1907 Kruchenyh Aleksey wafumana idiploma lokuthweswa waya Kherson ube umfundisi yobuciko. Kodwa ndandifuna ukuba igcisa abazisebenzelayo, ngoko ke inkonzo waya okudodobalisa kwaye kunyaka lafaka isicelo sokwamkelwa kwi Moscow School of Irestyu yeHlabathi. Kwaye, nangona into yokuba isikolo sakhe enaningamkelanga zona, ekwindla ka-1907 waya eMoscow nomnqweno onamandla ukuba umculi.

E Moscow, efumana abahlobo ezininzi kwimeko-bume obuciko, uqala ukusebenza kwi iimagazini "Alarm" yaye "Spring", kwi "iphephandaba eMoscow" njengoko umzobi kunye caricaturist. Yena waye waduma woopopayi, nkqu wadala uthotho imisebenzi "Zonke eMoscow e cartoons" egunyaziswe indlu enkulu nokupapasha. Yena kakhulu benza ngempumelelo ubuchule, weyisayo isikolo wakhe wokufunda, yena ufumana isimbo sakhe, kodwa bakhe iphupha - uncwadi eklasini. Kruchenykh lithathe inxaxheba kumboniso ngamaxesha le Art Society of eMoscow amagcisa mboniso "The Impressionists". Le yinxalenye kwisangqa Russian avant-garde, wadibana Elena Guro, Mihailom Matyushinym, Vasiliem Kamenskim.

ubizo zoncwadi

Kruchenykh Alex Eliseevich umsebenzi uncwadi iqala ngala manqaku ezibalulekileyo, izigxeko-ncomo zeencwadi, imihobe satirical. Yena uvakalelwa ukuba uncwadi - eyona ishishini yalo yokuphila. Ngowe-1912, wadibana ne Vladimir Mayakovsky kunye Velimir Khlebnikov, wancedisa ukwenza uqikelelo lokugqibela Kruchenykh babeyibonile ngokwakhe njengoko unguMdali izibongo ezitsha. Abhale amabali amafutshane kunye nohlaziyo ezahlukileyo kakhulu kwisimbo evela kwimimandla inyaniso boncwadi, apho uzama ukuvakalisa izimvo declarative ngekamva oluntu kunye zobugcisa.

Aleksey Kruchenyh kunye Russian jiang-garde

Aleksey Kruchenyh, ogama biography ukususela 1910s obuphathelele iintshukumo avant-garde kwimizobo, waba lilungu elikhutheleyo iimbalasane ezininzi bume imifanekiso eMoscow. Ngowe-1911, wadibana ne Benedict Livshits, ngubani kunye nabazalwana bakhe Burliuk kunye Alekseem Kruchenyh kamva ukuvuselela lwekamva uluntu "budetliane". Ngeli xesha, i avant-garde ichuma ehlabathini, kukho imibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo namaqela, leyo likhuthaza uphuhliso zobugcisa ezintsha.

Zonke ezi mibono zithandwa kakhulu Alex, yena osebenzisana kunye namaqela aliqela kwaye inxaxheba ukukhululwa anthologies eziliqela futurists, "uZadoki abagwebi", "UTroy", "Abafileyo Moon", "ngempama ebusweni incasa yoluntu". Kruchenykh nabo ngokukhupha iincwadi zazo kunye namanqaku theoretical kunye nemibongo, yaye kubonakala apha ngeendlela ezimbini: kungekuphela nje umbhali kunye enye ingcali, kodwa ukwanguye nomzobi. 1912 waba zizityebi iziganeko obugcisa, ilenze inxaxheba kwiqela D. Burliuk "Gilee" uyasebenzisana kunye "Jack of Diamonds", uthathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo kunye namaphulo zoluntu.

ubuchule enkondlo

Ngowe-1912, imibongo Alex Kruchenykh apho kuza kucaca, iqala ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo Velimir Khlebnikov. Ngeli xesha, zombini imbongi kakhulu benza indalo imibongo kulwimi "uqobo", bobabini ababefuna ukuhlaziya isihobe, sibakhulule naye ukusuka isithukuthezi zemfundo. Kruchenykh wazisa Khlebnikov ukubonisa ekuqaleni kumbongo wakhe, waza waqalisa ukufunda, ngequbuliso waqala ukwakha phezu okuqhubekayo. Ngoko ke wazalwa umbongo lwabo joint «The Game Esihogweni." Kamva, solo kunye bhala mdlalo for the opera Futurist "Ukoyiswa iLanga".

Oku baqala imisebenzi Kruchenykh entsimini avant-garde isihobe, wapapasha incwadi bt yemibongo "Endala Uthando", othe gqolo ukuphuhlisa isithethe primitivist. Le ncwadi, ngathi lo mbongo yaqulunqwa ngu obalaseleyo Russian avant-garde Larionov kunye Natalia Goncharova, emele isampuli wamazwi, kunye nemizobo. Kruchenykh uqala amalinge ukudala iivesi ngqiqweni, bezixela wasungula lo mgaqo "Mirskontsa", apho kamva waqonda ekuqokelelweni nemisebenzi Khlebnikov kunye torsion kwegama elifanayo.

Kwiminyaka 1913-14 Kruchenykh ukuhlola uhlobo olutsha - bububhanxa boncwadi, waqala ukubhala imibongo ngolwimi kwamamdla lwakhe. imisebenzi ezintsha ifakiwe kule ngqokelela "Ilipstick". Eyona idumileyo kula umbhalo:

imigodi schyl Blvd.

ubeshschur

skooma

wena ne bu

p l ez ..

Ngokutsho Kruchenykh, kwaba ngaphezulu umoya wesizwe Russian, ngaphezu kuzo zonke kwisihobe Pushkin. yemizamo yakhe nokubhala ngoko kuqhubeka de 1930, xa kupapashwa ingqokelela yemibongo "Ironiada".

Iminyaka ngaphandle yamaciko

Ukususela ngowe-1930, Kruchenyh Aleksey Eliseevich ogama iifoto rhoqo ukuvela iingqokelela abangabasemisebenzini avant-garde, iqala ukuhamba kude uncwadi. noogxa bakhe abamshiyayo, wafa Mayakovsky kunye Khlebnikov, bazalwana Burliuk, njengamanye futurists ezininzi kunye ngabapeyinti eziphambili kunye iimbongi, shiya elo lizwe.

Ukususela ngo-1934, umsebenzi Kruchenykh wayeka ukupapasha, ukwamkelwa kamva alwamkelekanga Union of Writers. Oku ukwenza yesibini-ngesandla kunye nomsebenzi antique, ulungiselela ukuba apapashe incwadi oogxa bakhe, ingakumbi, Mayakovsky kunye Khlebnikov. Ngexesha Second World War, Alexei wayesebenza iindaba arhente "TASS Windows". Ngexesha ubomi bakhe Kruchenykh waqokelela ilayibrari ekhethekileyo. Urhulumente waseSoviet akazange avumele imbongi ukusebenza, yena waphazanyiswa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Yaba engama-2 kuphela ngaphambi kokufa wamthabatha kuphela yomphefumlo recital. Juni 17, 1968 Alex Eliseevich Kruchenykh wafa.