Air wawalwela Ukraine. Umoya ukukhusela omkhosi ka Ukraine

Ngexesha ekuweni waseUSSR, imikhosi Ukrainian wababala mnye umoya umkhosi wokhuselo (8 single) kunye nemikhosi ezine zezulu, kuquka swi ezintsha ngexesha iinkqubo zokhuselo "S-300" karma "Su-27," yaye "mig-29". Noko ke, kwixesha elifutshane zembali, inkoliso izixhobo bathengisa, ilahlwe okanye ayikho whack. Siqonda ukubaluleka kokuba imikhosi afanelekileyo, urhulumente wathabatha iqela izigqibo ukomeleza amajoni, ingakumbi xa Ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo air yokuzikhusela.

ulwazi zembali

Ngo-1992, 8 umkhosi eyahlukileyo bezibandakanya mazibuko ezintandathu ezinkulu:

• 1 Air Defence Division (dPVO), eCrimea.
• 9 dPVO, ummandla Poltava.
• 11 dPVO, empuma lizwe.
• 19 dPVO egcwele Kiev.
• 21th dPVO, ummandla Odessa.
• 28 Air Defence lweSizwe, entshona Ukraine.

Iqela Radio engineering esekelwe eKharkiv, eLviv, Sevastopol, Odessa kunye Vasilkov. Ngowe-1992, amajoni umoya ukhuselo yayiquka 132 ithathele enomjukujelwa anti-moya zimanyene 18 regiments kunye imikhosi. Ezi zinto sele zigqityiwe kwaye saa ukuze ukugubungela ethembekileyo kumaziko mveliso ezinkulu, ngokuzimeleyo kwelinye.

karhulumente yangoku

Emva kweminyaka engama-20 ukukhusela Ukraine iyaqhubeka ukuba amandla loyikekayo, kodwa ngenxa yenani elikhulu kwezixhobo eziphelelwe nako ukuziphendulela buthathaka kakhulu. izikhululo Radar, eshiyeke eSoviet Union, kodwa kukuvumela ukulawula nesithuba somoya. Nangona kunjalo, ukunqongophala abaza kuzisebenzisa kunye ningavisisani emzantsi-mpuma abachaphazelekayo ukusebenza eziliqela esweni izikhululo. Ngokukodwa, zonakaliswe radar Lugansk Avdeyevka, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo ezilahlekileyo izikhululo ulawulo iCrimea.

Yi kowama-2000 kunye iingalo isuswe iinkqubo enomjukujelwa enamandla kodwa lixesha "C-75," yaye "C-125". Ngo-2013 ibilithuba "alekwe" SAM "S-200" zitshintsha ezahlukeneyo. Icandelo lokugqibela aye ohlulwa SAM "S-200V" th 540 butho saseLviv.

Into ebanga inkxalabo kakhulu kukuba akukhange kukhokeliswe ngoqeqesho imikhosi air wokhuselo wamajoni Ukraine. Lo asinguye na ukuziphatha lokudubula kunokwenzeka emva kweso siganeko, babeka ingozi umkhweli moya ngo-2001. 10% kuphela abasebenzi abanezakhono ukudubula.

amathuba

Okwangoku, umoya ukuziphendulela lizwe akukho kudala-uluhlu iinkqubo ezilwa-moya. Xa sijonge le nyaniso, urhulumente uye wamisela ithagethi ngo-2016 ukuya ukuqala maxesha omkhulu zokhuselo lomoya, kuquka iinkqubo enomjukujelwa air zokhuselo kunye nezikhululo radar.

Xihinga inkulu kukunqongophala yondele kwemali. Ukuthengwa kwezixhobo air wokhuselo mihla iya kuba imali eninzi kakhulu ukusuka kumaqabane Koloni. Ukongeza, ngenxa iinjongo zopolitiko kumazwe angaphandle musa ukukhawuleza ukuthengisa izixhobo ophezulu-ngqo yomkhosi Ukrainian. Imveliso wayeza kuba ukuthenga-iindleko eziphantsi kodwa inkqubo air wokhuselo oluthembekileyo (kubandakanywa mobile) eRashiya, kodwa ukungaqondani phakathi abamelwane musa ukuvumela oku.

Ngenxa yokunqaba kwemali, umba lokubuyiselwa kunye nokuphuculwa kweenkqubo "C-200 'kwaye babuyele ukulwa umsebenzi. Noko ke, iingcaphephe zomkhosi sokuthandabuza zinxulumene ingcamango "reanimation" yezixhobo eziphelelwe lixesha.

Imithi Air

Air ukukhusela Ukraine isakhiwo solawulo ecacileyo. Anti-moya amajoni enomjukujelwa namabutho radio-technical banoxanduva ukusebenza kweenkqubo radar kunye nenkqubo air zokhuselo enomjukujelwa, ogama msebenzi ukukhusela elibala eli lizwe. Ezi zithinteli uphantsi Air Force of Ukraine.

Iinxalenye wasebenzisa VOP enomjukujelwa iinkqubo enomjukujelwa "S-300PT" (NATO Classification SA-10A ukukrokrelana), "S-300V1" (SA-12a Gladiator), " C-300PS" (SA-10b ukukrokrelana), " Buck" (Ngale 11 Getfly). Ngokutsho data evela kwimithombo yoluntu, kukho iiyunithi-11 ngo-2010, "S-300PS 'kunye neeyunithi 16" S-300PT ". resource ngenene kuphuhliswa kutsha nje. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba 8 kuphela izahlukahlukano "S-300PS" ithwale kwi yokulwa umsebenzi.

A imeko ezintsonkothileyo ekulungiseleleni umoya iinkqubo zokhuselo intshabalalo ithetha. Air systems irula ukuziphendulela "S-300" imodeli elide-5V55-kobomi, yaye ilizwe labo imveliso akukho lusekiwe.

izixhobo bangabonwa

E Ukraine kukho izakhiwo kwama-200 ezinxulumene ukuzithethelela emoyeni, kwakunye namaziko abangabancedani 76. 36 izikhundla esebenzayo kunye baphola eyaziwa 106 ukuya imijukujelwa anti-moya.

Ezi ziquka:

• izixhobo ekuqaleni silumkiso: 36 Umlomo;.
• Ufakelo radar 36D6: 20;
• radar Ubhaqo 64N6: 9;
• uqeqesho Uluhlu: 3.

izikhundla SAM oBambeleyo:

• systems for "S-125": 2-isikhundla;
• "P-200": 5;
• "S-300PS": 12;
• "S-300PT": 16;
• "C-300V1": 1.

Akusebenzi (kungabe) izikhundla SAM:

• Kwiinkqubo "S-75": 58 isikhundla;
• "2Q12" 1;
• "S-125": 16;
• "C-200": 11;
• "S-300P" 19.

kusho isilumkiso Early

Umoya ukukhusela Ukraine livelise ngenkqubo yokulumkisa kwangethuba. Inika radars ezahlukeneyo ibekwe kulo lonke elo lizwe. ukuma kwawo, abe umthetho, ziqulethe iintlobo enye okanye ngaphezulu radars yokulumkisa kwangethuba, kwakunye nenkqubo ekufunyanweni kunye ingqalelo ophezulu ukuphakama.

Kukho 28 kwizikhundla esebenzayo ekuqaleni silumkiso 8 ezongezelelweyo (reserve), leyo eyenzelwe ukuba ukwanda womnatha okanye kwenye indawo mali xa kukho imfuneko yoko.

20 isikhundla 36D6 (Tin Shield) radar kanye-8 izikhundla radar 64N6 (Big Bird) ukunika ukuchonga ekujoliswe kunye nemisebenzi yolawulo idabi lo womnatha umoya yokhuselo lwesizwe. Amabutho zibonelela iisayithi qhinga emhlabeni kunye cover emoyeni. Radar 64N6 36D6 kwaye amalungiselelo ukwenzela ukunika ingxelo ezingasafunekiyo. Ezi nkqubo uyakwazi ukulawula phantse yonke indawo umoya Ukraine, kwakunye neendawo ezinkulu Black kunye Azov Seas.

SAM "S-200V"

inkqubo yokhuselo air kwezikhali eUkraine kuquka ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Izakhiwo "C-200" yeyona ixesha elide (ukuya kwi-250 km) kwi imikhosi enomjukujelwa anti-moya Ukrainian. Kude kube kamva nje, neebhetri ekhoyo 5 "C-200" ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko isithuba umoya phantse empumalanga lonke eli lizwe phakathi IKharkiv ne Luhansk. Le yokugqibela 11 non-eziqhuba isikhundla "C-200" ahlale, nangona kusenokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswa ukulungiselela izixhobo zokuhamba, ezifana "S-300PS." Izicwangciso karhulumente - ukubuyela ukuyalela ukuba amaziko zaphuculwa kule minyaka 2016-18, ngenxa yokunqongophala ngamanye kwizakhiwo onokulufikelela emva kwexesha elide.

Amagosa Ministry of Defence ibango ukuba ukusetyenziswa "S-200V" 250 kilometre-radius, kodwa ungangeni airliner Russian oLwandle Omnyama yakhululwa ngempazamo enomjukujelwa "S-200" ngo-Oktobha 2001, oko kusenokubonisa ukuba abasebenza isethi "P-200D" -300 kilometre radius.

SAM "S-300P"

Nangona inkqubo "S-200 'abe oyi elikhulu inyathelo, kodwa ezintsonkothileyo VOP" P-300P "nguye ezininzi kakhulu kunye nabakwaziyo. Zenzo uthotho panels 27 "S-300P" 16 iibhetri zixhotyiswe kunye neenkqubo "S-300PT", and 12 - iinkqubo "S-300P".

Ufakelo eziku ukuze kukhuselwe imimandla yezopolitiko, yomkhosi mveliso ezibalulekileyo lizwe. Dnepropetrovsk, Kiev, eKharkov, Odessa ukhuselwe akukho iibhetri ngaphantsi kwe-6 nganye, Nikolaev (kwaye owayekade Sevastopol) - panel-5 ubuncinane. izakhiwo Zininzi egubungele kumda wasentshona.

ibhetri zimoto SAM "S-300PT" liye izindululi 12, lo gama ibhetri baxhotyisiwe SAM "S-300PS" uye izindululi 8. ibhetri nganye lixhotyiswe 5N63 okanye radar 5N63S kunye radar yokuqingqa ephantsi ekujoliswe ebhabhayo 5N66 okanye 5N66M. Zombini iinkqubo radar basebenzisa ngokubanzi iqela imasti 40V6 series.

Ikomkhulu, Kiev - indawo kuphela kuhleliyo ukhuselwe iseti epheleleyo series ibhetri "S-300P". Yonke imveliso 6 siyohlala sisebenza, sebenzisa i-4 "S-300PT", yaye ezimbini - "S-300PS." iiyunithi Military kunye nomoya zokhuselo nokumgqubuthela eKharkov ( "S-300PT"), Odessa ( "S-300PS") kunye Nikolaev ( "S-300PT") - ezi promtsentry ezintathu olukhuselwe neebhetri ngamnye. Dnepropetrovsk ukhuselwe ezine ibhetri-enikwe "S-300PT".

ndlela umoya kwebhola

Kukho iindlela ezimbini lweenkqubo enomjukujelwa air wokhuselo Committe, ezo abhalwe kwi network emoyeni wokhuselo Ukrainian. APU wasebenzisa inkqubo "Buk" 9K37 kunye "C-300V1". Ezinye zezi nkqubo kuxhomekeke imikhosi yokhuselo emoyeni, abanye - nezinye izixhobo yokulwa. Iinkqubo Mobile ziyilelwe yokugubungela izinto qhinga mveliso, kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, amaqela zomkhosi.

MOD iyaqinisekisa ukuba i Army wasebenzisa ukhetho "Buk-M", yaye Air Force of Ukraine wasebenzisa "Buk-M1". I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoKhuselo kwakhona uthi Army usebenzisa nenguqulo "C-300V1" (Gladiator), isalatha kulaa Inyaniso ukuba Ukraine ukuba kwenkqubo "S-300V2" (Giant), nako ukudubula phantsi imijukujelwa weave.

indawo network

inethiwekhi SAM Ukrainian iye njengelifa eSoviet Union. ukhuseleko Air uthetha amalungiselelo ukuze kukhuselwe amaziko oluntu angundoqo kunye nakwimimandla ngokwezelizwe. Eyona esinabantu azigubungela elikomkhulu Kiev, izihloko zoshishino eziphambili kumbindi Dnipropetrovsk, IKharkiv, Mykolaiv kunye Odessa. Inxalenye neebhetri iphaphatheke kwilizwe liphela.

Ngokutsho iinjengele, ayisendim lizwe esongela imfazwe nxamnye NATO, ngokulandelelana, amajoni Ukrainian kuye kwanciphisa inani kweenkqubo moya kunye SAM. Nangona network air wokhuselo zehla ngokubonakalayo ubukhulu ukususela ekuweni waseUSSR, kunjalo Ukraine ihlala ngokwaneleyo axhotyiswe ukuba azikhusele ekuhlaselweni emoyeni.

Amaqhinga kunye neqhinga

izixhobo Mobile ezifana "S-300PS", "Buk" yaye "C-300V1" bakwazi ukwenza apho zifuneka khona - phantse naphi kweli lizwe. radar kanye anti-moya iinkqubo Dislocations 64N6 36D6 ukubonelela ngenkxaso yolawulo emfazweni, yaye kubekwe izinto, naphi na apho afumaneka khona, ngenxa kuthungelwano ngeentlobo isilumkiso kwangethuba. Ekubeni SAM "S-300PS", ngokuqhelekileyo akhiwe kwisayithi elungisiweyo, uthungelwano enkulu kweendawo engasebenziyo nezakhiwo izikhundla amathuba nokufakwa kweenkqubo ngezikhali. E Ukraine, ngaphezu kwama-100 engasebenziyo (ogcweleyo) ilungiselele SAM sisimo ezahlukeneyo.

Amanye amathuba onobuhle abadala. Ngoxa "C-200" musa ukungena kakuhle kakhulu ukuhlasela iithagethi yalwa, stealthy okanye esezantsi eziphaphazelayo, inkqubo kungavimbela CIA okanye enye kufutshane isithuba umoya Ukraine moya enkulu emkhosini. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa ekubuyeni kwabo ezilindelekileyo emsebenzini emva kokulungiswa ethile. Kakhulu ukubhala-SAM 70s "S-300PT 'izicwangciso ezizodwa emkhosini apho.

uphuhliso olunye

Kuba 2016-2017 ezicwangcisiweyo yotshintsho komoya yokhuselo Ukraine kaThixo. Systems of "P-200," yaye "C-300PS" iya kufuna replacement ngo-2016-2020. Nokuba ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo ubomi inkonzo, iintsuku engcono "S-300PS" yaye "C-200" washiya ngasemva. Ngenxa kuphuhliso rhoqo ngamaqhinga ECM (zokumelana ngekhompyutha), Sead / DEAD (ukulwa zokuzikhusela umoya utshaba), kunye neminye imiba data SAM olungahlangabezani ngumoya amaxesha.

Le projekthi sokungenisa lweendawo ngamnye / izixhobo ukuya kwizakhiwo endala, kunye nokudala imveliso yakho usebenzisa amacandelo lwamashishini Ukrainian kunye namaqabane angaphandle.

iinkqubo radar

Ukraine - enye abenzi ambalwa ehlabathini, phuhlisa aze avelise radar kwi loop evaliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi izixhobo kunye nezixhobo omkhosi Ukrainian imelwe imifuziselo lixesha. Kwimeko engcono - yala maxesha. izixhobo Park elektroniki ziquka yerada nokuhlelwa iinombolo izizukulwana iisampula ngokweentlobo esizisebenzelayo kulawulo isakhiwo kunye nolwazi inkqubo radar.

Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ka Ukraine, kunye imali eyabelwe i-APU ngo-2016, kufuneka imali ebonakalayo ijoliswe wokhuselo emoyeni. Bahlele ukuthenga izikhululo radar 28 kunye nokuhlaziywa iiyunithi ezintandathu. Nakuba kunjalo, imfuno imikhosi exhobileyo radar ezintsha ziphuculwe kwaye okuninzi malunga namakhulu amabini ziingceba. Enyanisweni, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, urhulumente kweenkqubo zokhuselo, ingakumbi enomjukujelwa kunye radar imikhosi radar anti-moya, amagqabi ithemba okuhle. Kwaye ngokuchasene nentsukaphi yokuba e Ukraine abenzi zalo abakwaziyo ukunika izisombululo zabo phambili iliso elibala zasekhaya.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abantu bashiya inani elikhulu radar P-18M, R-18MA (P-19MA). Enkosi kwii-NGOs "Aerotekhnika" vs. "Ukrspetstekhnika" ezi izityalo wahlala kuphela ezintlwini, kodwa yala maxesha. Ukongeza, kukho ezintsha.

Radar "Malachite"

umkhosi New Ukrainian sisilele radar mihla, ezifana "Malachite". Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba maxesha yesikhululo Soviet P-18, kodwa ngeendlela ezininzi ngayo leyo yahluke kuneyokuqala. Iingcali HC "Ukrspetstekhnika" wenza iinguqu ezinkulu, kwaye namhlanje isikhululo entsha ngokupheleleyo. I-processing uphawu yedijithali "Malachite" kuphunyezwa, ukuhlanganiswa kunye matshini mihla iqaphelwa sifo, ummandla ubhaqo proximal yehle ukuya 2.5 km, kwithambeka ukwanda kwisalamane eriyali ukuya ngokuxwesileyo ngaphakathi + 15 / -15 degrees, njalo njalo. D. "Malachite" liye uluhlu efumanise ukuya ku-400 km, oko kukuthi, isikhululo ibhaqa kwaye tracks ekujoliswe engcono kakhulu nakude ngaphezu radar ezisebenzayo ngoku Ukraine.

Iimpawu ze zakhiwo ziye kakuhle zahlolwa yi-Ukrainian Defense Ministry. Ngenxa yoko, isikhululo radar akazange kuphela wafakwa inkonzo, kodwa ukuba bafake amajoni. Ngokutsho kulawulo yenkampani "Ukrspetstekhnika", njengokuba ka-Apreli 2015 abantu kudlule malunga neshumi elinesibini radar "Malachite".

Izikhululo Icandelo ezidluliselwa oomatiloshe Ukrainian abo asebenza inkqubo kwiimeko kwezinye elo naphantsi kwalo, yahlukile eSoviet P-18. Yokuyisebenzisa kwiimeko elwandle wabonisa ukuba isikhululo elisombulula ngempumelelo ingxaki zokulandela ekujoliswe lomoya ngaphakathi iimpawu zazo, kwakunye ekujoliswe kumphezulu kumnombo emehlweni. Oko kukuthi, ummandla imayile 12-, ephantsi oomatiloshe uhlolisiso, "Malachite" radar ezilawulwa ngokukhululekileyo.

Radar "MP-1"

New station radar uluhlu imitha ukuba i ephawulwe "MP-1", ngoku wadala SPC "yintlantsi." Abayili Siphumeze zonke impumelelo ezintsha ingcamango lwenzululwazi, ezijolise ilungelelanise ixabiso ubuchwepheshe lahlukile (cwaka).

"MP-1" yenzelwe ubomi bebhetri, kwakunye ukulungiselela intsebenziswano kulawulo yokhuselo emoyeni zengingqi AMS Ukraine kaThixo. Radar unako ukubona, umkhondo ulinganise azimuth, uluhlu, ukuphakama kwithagethi, nangona ifuthe uphazamiseko.

Engxakini isikhululo yaba imfuneko ukufaka iiyunithi zothutho ezongezelelweyo eyahlukileyo injini generator ebonelela iinkqubo amandla. Ngenxa yoko, radar esekelwe koomatshini 3-4. Isikhululo entsha "Minsk-1" kufuneka unit zothutho enye kuphela. Zonke izixhobo obekwe kwi kwisisu semoto ka KrAZ.

Xa iimeko yokulwa mihla kufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukushukumiseka eliphezulu isikhululo. Emva kwemizuzu 5-10 lomsebenzi kufuneka ukuba kuthuthwe radar kwindawo entsha. Xa imisebenzi "MG-1" umqhubi, ngaphandle kokushiya elorini isithuthi, olawula ukusebenza, ngokugcina umboniso imeko umoya. Isikhululo ifumaneka kuthungelwano kunomathotholo ngendlela yedijithali, adlulisele ngokuzenzekelayo imeko yezithuthi kwi umyalelo air zokhuselo kunye namaziko olawulo uhlobo NE IP-15 okanye IP-12. Ukongeza, isikhululo "Minsk-1" uyakwazi ukubona ubungakanani ngokuchanileyo ukuphakama iinjongo yokwenza le nkqubo ye-3-nokulawula. Instrumental uluhlu yokusebenza km 400. Le projekthi iku bhekiso phambili.

"Pelican" radar

Three-station setyhula view 79K6 (uguqulelo kumazwe - 80K6) "Pelican" baqala iza kuphuhliswa 1992 yi SPC "spark". Kuphela ngo-2007 radar adopted APU. Zonke izixhobo obekwe kwi radar iyunithi yezothutho.

Imbonakalo kwi radar yomkhosi Ukrainian 79K6 uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa azo odwa kwi anti-moya enomjukujelwa ithathele "S-300PT / PS". Ngaphezu koko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa 79K6 Isakhiwo brigade (amaqela 6). Kuba iimpawu eziphambili yamacebo zobugcisa 80K6 radar oko kwinqanaba nucleoside amazwe, nolusezantsi ubuncinane indleko zawo izihlandlo ezibini ngaphezu kontanga yayo. Ubuninzi Ubhaqo lomqolo "Pelican" wokukora km 400. Noko ke, ngo-3-5 m ² EPR iithagethi Ubhaqo lomqolo phezu moya ezinobude 100 m yi-40 km; kwintaba ephakame 1000 m - 110 km; kwintaba ephakame 10-30 km - 300-350 km.

Ukuba zikwazi amajoni kunye nezibonelelo mihla radar kunye neenkqubo air ukuziphendulela ngoku kakhulu efanelekileyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukugcina ulawulo elibala ka Ukraine kwaye anike imiyalelo imboni yasekhaya.