Izichazi mfutshane. Nezichazi ifomu emfutshane

Isibakala sokuba asilogama enjalo, yaziwa wonke umfundi. Noko ke, asingabo bonke uyayazi imigaqo upelo iinxalenye zentetho, kwakunye nawuphi na iqela, yahlulelwe njalo njalo.

ulwazi jikelele

Isiphawulo kuyinxalenye yokuthetha ichaza iimpawu kunye neempawu zezinto (umzekelo, le isitulo endala), isiganeko (yengozi engakholelekiyo), uthi (nomvakalelo onamandla), kunye nezinye izenzakalo zehlabathi ezingqongileyo (a wakhula nzima). Ukongeza, le isichazi libhekisela into engeyoyakho (handbag sikama, foxhole).

Eyona eziphambili ze

Kuxhomekeka njani kwaye yintoni na nomqondiso zibonakaliswe isichazi sele kwaye yintoni na iimpawu zegrama, le yinxalenye yokuthetha yahlulwe maqela alandelayo:

• isihlobo;
• mfanelo;
• bunini.

izichazi isihlobo

Eli qela ichaza iimpawu naluphi uphawu, isenzo okanye into ngokusebenzisa kwawo ezinye iimpawu, inyathelo okanye isifundo.

Nantsi eminye imizekelo: a kwikhabhathi, juice tangerine, nemidlalo yabantwana, amandla etshabalalisayo, Brazil nut, nibethe kabini, iinkolelo zonqulo njalo njalo.

izichazi qualitative

Loo iqela uneempawu zawo, ezizezi:

• Libonisa iimpawu zezinto: (. Yomelela, zamahlathi, engqindilili, njalo njalo) ubudala (endala), ubukhulu (isigulane), isantya (broadband), umbala (blue), iimpawu zomntu (ububi), uhlolo (normal), iimpawu eziphathekayo.
• Forms ezinjalo yokuthelekisa, njengoko emihle (i kakhulu, eyona inobuqhophololo, eyona ebalulekileyo, owona mba ubalulekileyo) kunye nothelekiso (ngokomelela, ithinasi, kubaluleke ngakumbi, njalo njalo.).
• Yiba iindlela ezimfutshane (umz, fast, amafutha, kunye t esithe nkqi. D.). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izichazi amagqabantshintshi nga kuyilwa kungekhona zonke ubunjalo.

izichazi bunini

Izichazi qela ukuphendula lo mbuzo "kabani?", Kwaye kwakhona ekubhekiselwe kubulungu into zezilwanyana (umngxuma nomvundla, ubisi lwenkomo) okanye umntu (isipaji kabawo, umatshini Petina). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke uhlobo isichazi bunini olunezibizo ziyaphila ngokusebenzisa izimamva ezifana -nin, ukuzi-, afane, -ev, Male.

Nantsi eminye imizekelo: mkhulu - mkhulu; uyise - oyise njalo njalo.

isiphawulo Quick

Ukongeza iqela isalamane osithelisayo, qualitative unesikhwele, le nxalenye yale ntetho na iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, ngolwimi Russian zezi:

• elifutshane;
• ngokupheleleyo zezichazi.

Ngaphezu koko, lo kuqala yi uhlobo yesibini lokuncitshiswa. Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni imisebenzi zizichazi ezimfutshane kufuneka ingqalelo yonke imithetho enxulumene nokudaleka nopelo. Ngapha koko, le nkcazelo kuphela aya kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise kakuhle le nxalenye yokuthetha okubhaliweyo kwisicatshulwa, okanye incoko yomlomo.

ekupheleni

Nezichazi ifomu isishwankathelo kwi isinye kufuneka ukuvalwa okulandelayo:

• Esobukhomokazi - le -a ophela. Nantsi eminye imizekelo: ezintsha, zingcakacile, womelele, alichumi, njalo njalo.
• Yindoda - nesiphelo zero. Imizekelo iquka: strong, Yomelela, alichumi, ezintsha, entle ngqo.
• Neuter - ophela kuyoze okanye -X (kuhle, yomelela, yomelela, ezintsha, ububi, ibhityileyo, njalo njalo).

Xa isininzi, na umahluko ngokwesini kule nxalenye umbuzo kule fomu zilahlekile. Ngoko ke, zonke izichazi kufuneka emfutshane ukuvalwa okanye s s (strong, womelele, ezintle, ezintsha, nobumbejembeje toschi njl).

Iimpawu ifomu short

Njengoko ubona, le yinxalenye intetho nga Ungayami ikhefu lokuya kubeleka kunye nenombolo. Noko ke, umntu kufuneka akhumbule ukuba izichazi ezimfutshane ze utshintshe amatyala. Kwisindululo, ngokuqhelekileyo amalungu ezinjalo zisebenza vavisa.

Nazi perimer: Uyi-smart kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, igama elithi "smart" i isichazi emfutshane elisebenza nesivisa.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye iindidi ze yinxalenye ezibangela intetho kunye neenqobo eziliqela lungelelanisa bangaba ifomu emfutshane kuphela abanye babo. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "ihlwempu" akukho isichazi elifutshane ukuba lithetha "uludwayinge, ulusizana." Ukongeza, ezinye izichazi kwakhona asinakuba ifomu epheleleyo. ekunokuthiwa La mazwi kufuneka ibe nemihlali, yaye kakhulu kwamenza.

Yintoni umahluko zizonke?

ifomu emfutshane kuphela izichazi qualitative. Baya zahlukile lilonke kukuba ukuchonga iimpawu morphological. Oko kukuthi, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, le fom lomfanekiso ntetho ayitshintshi kumatyala, futhi kuyaphela kuphela inani kunye nobudala. Ukongeza, izichazi amagama amafutshane ahlukeneyo ukusuka ngokupheleleyo indima syntactic. Ngenxa yoko, kwisivakalisi, benza kungekhona inkcaza, kwaye ngokohlobo njengesivisa okanye iinxalenye zayo candelo. Nangona kwezinye iimeko basatsaliswa ngokubizwa ngokuba inkcazelo. Le meko ngoyena sivame kwibinzana amisiweyo, okanye imisebenzi lobuciko (umzekelo, n kunye ngeenyawo, emini ebanzi, intombi entle, umfo olungileyo, njalo njalo.).

Upelo kweziphawuli ezimfutshane

Ukuze ngokufanelekileyo usebenzise iindlela ezimfutshane izichazi, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde imithetho upelo yabo.

1. Ibhalwe nokuba uphawu ethambileyo ekupheleni kwe isichazi emfutshane? Le umba exhalabisa abaninzi. Ngapha koko, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka sisebenzise le yinxalenye intetho xa bebhala naluphi na isicatshulwa. Kule nkalo ke makuqatshelwe ukuba izichazi emfutshane sibilants (ekupheleni igama) ebhaliweyo ngaphandle uphawu ethambileyo. Nanku umzekelo: odorous, kushushu, kwintsunguzi, inameva, efana, elungileyo, olunamandla, njalo njalo.
2. Zingaphi iincwadi "H" izishwankathelo kweziphawuli? Khumbula lo mthetho Kulula kakhulu. Iileta "N" kwi isishwankathelo izichazi zigcinwa kwi mali efanayo ngendlela epheleleyo. Nanku umzekelo: indlela inde (ixesha elide), ufana nqwa zenza (ngabantu), isifingo kamnandi (bahlazeke) kunye nabanye.
3. Njani na ukupela "hayi" kunye izichazi elifutshane? Khumbula lo mthetho ilula kakhulu kwaye kulula. Kodwa le kufuneka ukuba ndiyakwazi nokuyipela kwisuntswana "hayi" kunye izichazi ngokupheleleyo. Ngapha koko, ekwimo elifutshane, le migaqo zombini ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amazwi, "hayi" a isichazi emfutshane kufuneka sibhalwe ngendlela efanayo ngokupheleleyo. Nanku umzekelo: indlela nzima (oko kukuthi enzima, kunzima) - indlela akukho lula (oko kukuthi, nzima, nzima). Kulo mzekelo, "hayi" kufuneka zibhalwe njengegama elinye. Nangona kunjalo, ilungu onjalo kunye izichazi ezimfutshane kuyimfuneko ukubhala ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba ifomu epheleleyo ayisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Nanku umzekelo: ningekalungi, akalungisa, akalungisa, ningekalungi.
4. Izichazi elifutshane emva sizzling ment unobumba "o" kuphela ukuba phantsi koxinzelelo. Umzekelo: esityeni ishushu, indoda funny.

Formation kweziphawuli ezimfutshane

iindlela ezimfutshane zezichazi akhiwa iifom epheleleyo. Oku kwenzeka ngokudibanisa kuyo iziphelo generic:

• zero okanye yindoda;
• eliphakathi (-I okanye kuyoze);
• obhinqileyo (-n okanye kuhlekiswe).

Ukongeza, izichazi ezimfutshane inokuba ezininzi (ekupheleni s okanye s) okanye isinye. Ekubeni ukuyilwa iifom ezinjalo? Le mithetho zilula kakhulu:

• Ukuba isiseko lwesichazi ngokupheleleyo uphela ngeleta ngeqabane, lwandulelwe isikhamiso (umzekelo, ebanzi-s), i mfutshane ifomu isiseko ihlala enye, oko kukuthi, ayitshintshi (ububanzi).
• Ukuba isiseko lwesichazi ngokupheleleyo uphela ngeleta ngeqabane, lwandulelwe efanayo, ngoko ukuyilwa le fom elifutshane (sobudoda kuphela) phakathi kwabo kukho ungobalekayo bezikhamiso e okanye o. Ukunika umzekelo Noin - znoen, obengumoni - moni, ezolileyo - uzolile, usinga - elibukhali, nohlaza - neenkani, nzima - nzima, ngqo - tye, funny - etyeni. Kodwa ke, yonke imithetho kukho ukuxolelwa. Ngoko ke, lo Isichazi "endilisekileyo" likwimo mfutshane - "bafanelwe", nto leyo isebenza bezikhamiso futhi esazi. Oku kungenxa yokuba igama wabumba isibizo "isidima". Kodwa "imbeko" - umthendeleko "ibhaso."

Umlinganiselo woviwo Iifom ngokupheleleyo elifutshane zezichazi

Ukususela imbono lwamaxabiso lungelelanisa ezabelwe iintlobo ezintathu unxulumano ezimfutshane kunye neentlobo elide zezichazi

1. Ukutshatisa lentsingiselo lungelelanisa (umz, usuku olumnandi nemini kulungile, usana nice kunye Umntwana eyinzwana).

2. eyodwa kuphela amaxabiso ezithile:

• "Wamanga" ngengqiqo yokuba "fake." Kulo mzekelo, ifomu emfutshane ayikho.
• "Wamanga" ngengqiqo yokuba "kuthembeke". Kulo mzekelo, ifomu elifutshane "zomgunyathi."
• "Owu," ngengqiqo yokuba 'abonwabanga'. Kulo mzekelo, ifomu emfutshane ayikho.
• "Owu," ngengqiqo yokuba 'amahlwempu. " Kulo mzekelo, ifomu elifutshane "embi".

3. Le fom elifutshane kubonwa ntonye lwesemantiki yaye yahlukile ixabiso lawo elizeleyo:

• ifomu emfutshane ibonisa ixesha ebonisa, kunye ngokupheleleyo - rhoqo (umz, usana kunye Umntwana ukufa);
• ifomu emfutshane ibonisa kubonakaliswa ngokugqithisileyo osemqoka (umz, gogo okanye umakhulu endala);
• ifomu elide ubonisa uphawu nokuba, kwaye elifutshane - phezu ngokunxulumene into (umzekelo, isinxibo limxinwa kunye sinxibe esinda).
• Kwezinye iimeko, amaxabiso omabini iintlobo Izichazi eziphambukileyo kangangokuba zisetyenziswa nababezibonile amagama ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo (umzekelo, injongo uhambo kwacaca kwaye imozulu ecacileyo).