Abantwana Abantwana

I-syndrome yokunqongophala kokungabikho kwengqondo kubantwana - olu hlobo olude nolunzima lusetyenziswe kwicandelo leengqondo (ingane ye-pathopsychology). Kuthetha ukuba umntwana ubonisa ukukhathazeka kweemoto, kunye nokungazinzi ukugxininisa ingqalelo kuyo nayiphi na into okanye umsebenzi.

Ngokutsho kweengcali zeengqondo, akukho neparameters enye apho kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya abantwana abahlala ubomi nabangenasiphelo, ukugqiba ukuba ngaba baxhamla kwi-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Uninzi lwezi zifo zenziwe xa isigulane esincinane sibonisa iimpawu ezithile, ezibizwa ngokuba zizibonakaliso zokungcoliseki, kunye neenyanga ezithandathu. Kunyanzelekile ngexesha elifanayo ukuhlolisisa umntwana, ukuqokelela ulwazi ngobomi bakhe kwintsapho, ukuthetha nabazali babagqirha kunye nootitshala.

Izibonakaliso ze-ADHD kubantwana ziqwalaselwa ngabaqeqeshi: ukuhlala kuhamba phambili, ukungabi nantoni kunye nokukhuseleka, ukungalindelekanga (ngakumbi xa umntwana ephathwa). Ngamanye amaxesha isifo sibonakalisa kwinto yokuba intsana ingazi njani kwaye ingafuni ukudlala ngokuthula, ukuthetha nokuphazamisa ezinye iithethi, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuphazamisa lula kunye nokusisigxina kwizifundo zabo okanye kungekhona ukuba zibenze ekupheleni.

Ukuba umntwana wakho uziphathe ngendlela efanayo-mhlawumbi, kufuneka iboniswe kwingcali eya kugqiba ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-ADHD. Nangona kunjalo, umntu akafanele akhawuleze, kuba kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukileyo zokuziphatha okungapheliyo, ukukhathazeka nokungazinzi kubantwana. Ngokomzekelo, utshintsho oluphawulekayo endleleni yokuphila, ehambelana nokuthuthela kwelinye idolophu, ukuhlukanisa abazali okanye ukubulala umntu ovela kwimeko yomntwana; Ukuxhalabisa kunye nokudandatheka; Ezinye izifo zonyango ezinokuchaphazela umsebenzi wengqondo yomntwana.

Ukuqonda ingxaki kuphela ugqirha osebenzisa indlela ephuhliswe yi-American Academy of Pediatrics, uya kuhlola. Imiyalelo ye-Academy ijoliswe kubantwana aba-6-12, kuba, ngelanga kunzima kakhulu ukucacisa ubuninzi bokunqongophala kweengxaki kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwabantwana abasenkulisa, kunye nabaselula. Ngethuba la maxesha obomi, kuyaqhelekileyo ukuba umntu abonakalise iimpawu ezithile zesifo, kodwa kaninzi zibangelwa zizizathu ezihluke ngokupheleleyo.

Ngesizathu esithile, i-ADHD ingahle ibekwe kwiindidi ezininzi:

Ezidibeneyo, apho kukho imiqondiso emithathu yesifo-ukungalindelekanga, ukunyanzeliswa kunye nokunyaniseka. Olu hlobo lulona luqhelekileyo, njengoko iimpawu zalo zibonakala lula kumntwana;

- engachukumanga-ingqondo, apho izigulane ezincinci zingagxininisa kwimisebenzi ethile okanye izinto, kwaye ngezinye izihlandlo zingabonakaliyo kwaye zingachukumisi;

- Ukunyamekela, okudla ngokuba ngumngcipheko weengxaki. Abantwana abanjalo asebenziswanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha abakwazi ukugxila kulo msebenzi. Akukho zibonakaliso ezichazwe ngokwaneleyo kule hlobo lwesifo, ngoko ke abantwana bahlala bengakhange baqwalaselwe ngugqirha.

Ngokwahlukileyo, kuyimfuneko ukusho malunga nokunyangwa kwe-ADHD. Musa ukucinga ukuba kuphela kwinkqubo yokufundisa okanye ukukhulisa umntwana kwintsapho. Ewe, zonke ezi zinto zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, ngoko kwonyango kufuneka kunikwe ingqwalasela enkulu kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezizodwa. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo eziphambili ziyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa amayeza. Ngokubanzi, oogqirha bancomela ukudibanisa iindidi ezimbini zonyango - unyango kunye nengqondo, ebonisa ukuba esi sisisombululo esipheleleyo, kungekhona nje ukulwa nokukhathazeka kwengxaki, ukunyaniseka kunye nesifo sokuxhatshazwa komzimba, kodwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwexesha elizayo lomntwana ochazwe ngu-ADHD kuluntu.