№ Federal Umthetho 127 ka amatyala ka-Oktobha 26, 2002. ukuqaphela ungonakala

Nawuphi na umsebenzi yezoqoqosho kwihlabathi lanamhlanje - usoloko unomngcipheko ethile. Kaloku, ukuba umntu ozibandakanye ekwenzeni imali kule ndawo, uyayiqonda ithuba zemali. Kungenjalo, ungenza enye phezu kwenye kunye zinto kwintlekele emarikeni. Noko ke, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto enikiweyo, umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho besiba ethandwayo. A intsingiselo efanayo ikhona ngenxa amatyala aphezulu kweli candelo. Abantu baqonde ukuba iingeniso ezinkulu kunokuba kuphela inkqubo yentsebenziswano ngqo kunye emarikeni kunye namacandelo ayo ngqo.

Ngoko, kwi Russian Federation namhlanje, phantse yonke imihla kukho ezintsha iinkampani, abantu - oosomashishini. Kodwa ke ingxaki engundoqo imingcipheko ezibhaliweyo ekuqaleni kweli nqaku. Ekusebenzeni abadlali kaninzi ngokwaneleyo yezoqoqosho akakwazi kuphumeza imisebenzi yakhe okanye loo mlinganiswa. Ukunakanwa ungonakala kulo mzekelo - ekuphela kwendlela isisombululo oluphucukileyo le ngxaki. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lo gama kuye kwafika kubo bonke, kodwa abaninzi Aniyiva na intsingiselo yalo. Makhe sizame ukucacisa i "yimali" udidi, kwakunye bonisa iimpawu eziphambili kunye nenkqubo-sikhokelo yolawulo.

Ingcamango amatyala

Insolvency okanye ezikweletini, ingabonwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Lo mgaqo № uMthetho Federal 127 "Kwi Insolvency" unika inkcazelo ngokwasemthethweni ingqikelelo ungonakala. Noko ke, oko zinokujongwa ngokwembono kuqoqosho. Le abalinganiswa kakhulu abathembekileyo amatyala na imiba yezoqoqosho kunye yomthetho. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa imvelaphi theoretical component umba kunye neempawu zayo eqhelekileyo, singatsho ukuba ukusilela - yinkqubo eyenziwa luluntu nabasemagunyeni, ngokutsho ukusilela ungonetyala ukuhlawula zonke izibophelelo ezikhoyo ngokupheleleyo. Kulo mzekelo, ngokungqinelana nemigangatho zoMthetho Federal № 127 "Kwi Insolvency", kwizibophelelo ezinjalo iquka iimfuno mboleko, isibophelelo ukuhlawula iirhafu ezifanelekileyo zikarhulumente.

Iinkqubo umbono Positive

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba asinguye wonke ubani uyazi ukuba le nkqubo imilinganiselo akukho kuphela ijolise ingqalelo nokungakwazi onetyala ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfanelo zabo. Amaninzi, ulwamkelo ukusilela esipheleleyo lwandulelwe inkqubo yokuphucula imeko yemali onetyala. Kulo mzekelo, le yokugqibela amanyathelo ahlukeneyo ezoqoqosho kunye esemthethweni ukuba ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufikelela iziphumo ezihle. Ukuba isicelo kwezi manyathelo ukuyilahla nje akunakwenzeka, umntu owaziwa ongenamali.

Izifundo lokwenziwa kolhlolo ngegunya

Ngenxa indlela yehlabathi zizityebi kwicandelo lomsebenzi-mali, kufanele kuqatshelwe ezikhoyo njengoko izifundo eziphambili awile. Noko ke, kwamanye amazwe kukho iindlela ingqalelo kumaqumrhu matyala kunye nabantu. In Russia namhlanje kukho endle zomthetho yokuqala neyesibini. Umzimba iphambili Ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo kwi-Russian Federation yiNkundla yoLamlo. Inkqubo yomthetho yeziko ungonakala bobabo ngokupheleleyo ukuya kummandla woshishino komthetho.

nemiqathango yolawulo

Ingqwalasela lequmrhwana ongenamali - inkqubo kunokuba nzima kwaye lube nzima kakhulu. Ukwenzela ukuphepha nakuphi na ifuthe elibi yonke imiba yale nkqubo, lo mthetho uye wakhupha ummiselo okhethekileyo. Ngoncedo lwe imilinganiselo kulawulwa ngqo ngumthetho. № Lo Mthetho Federal 127 "Kwi abaLawula". Kuyinto ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ukusetyenziswa kuzo zonke ezinkulu inkqubo ukuqondwa ukusilela izibonelelo, njalo njalo. D.

umthetho federal

isenzo yowiso (127-FZ of 26.10.2002) - uxwebhu kwezomthetho enokuthanani kulwamkelo ngasentendelezweni yequmrhu elisemthethweni yimali. UMthetho inkqubo lokuphelisa lalo mntu nolwaneliseko zamabango onke amatyala '. Kulo Russian Federation, uqoqosho woMthetho Federal № 127 "On abaLawula" Useka iziseko kuqoqosho Russian. isenzo olumisiweyo ibandakanya isahluko 12 kunye namanqaku 233. Xa sihlalutya ngokweenkcukacha imiqathango yomthetho, ungakhetha amacandelo ngamnye inkqubo yonke. Ewe izimele ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho babo icebisa isakhiwo ohlangeneyo yonke inkqubo amatyala.

Amanyathelo ngamnye (iinkqubo) ungonakala

Federal uMthetho "Kwi Insolvency" ichaza neenkqubo ezimbalwa ezisisiseko isicelo unetyala, ukwenzela ukuphucula imeko yabo yemali. Ngenxa yoko, inkoliso nkqubo zilandelayo ziya kusebenza:

• elibukhali;
• recovery yezimali;
• ulawulo kukhuphiswano zangaphandle;
• nesivumelwano.

Zonke ezi zigaba ayenzelwanga ukuba atshabalalise onetyala. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwiimeko ezininzi wonke umntu ufuna ukuba sizolala kwakhe (swihlawulekisi - ukufumana imali yakho, singabanetyala - ukuba balahlekelwe izinto zabo abazithandayo). Zonke ezi nkqubo kuphela iinjongo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ngendlela ukuphunyezwa.

Izifundo iinkqubo

Ngalinye iinkqubo ezilapha ngasentla xa ukuqaphela iqumrhu elisemthethweni yimali, wenze isifundo esithile lomsebenzi mali. Nguwo lo ke umahluko phakathi kwabo, ukususela, ngokutsho ingcali, isiphumo isiphelo ziya kwahluka. Ngenxa yoko, le ngqwalasela kwenziwa umlawuli yethutyana, ulawulo lwangaphandle - ulawulo yangaphandle, zingekho. - yimali umphathi, zemali recovery - control. Olu phawu kulawulwa ngokupheleleyo 127-FZ "Kwi wokuphelelwa".

imisebenzi Inkqubo amatyala

Njengabo yonke enye into kweli hlabathi, inkqubo Ukwamkela ongenamali kananjalo imisebenzi yayo ethile. Ukuqwalaselwa amatyala ungonakala iya kuba ukuphumeza iinjongo eziphambili ezimbini, ezizezi:

1. Buyela kwamatyala ukuya amatyala. Xa umntu akanako nangayiphi na indlela kuba noxanduva izibophelelo zayo, omnye abatyalwayo karhulumente uba, njengoko intlawulo efanelekileyo akazange eze. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqokelelwa kwamatyala iya isiba yinto ephambili kuba kukho elinomdla elo lizwe, nto leyo, igalelo ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.
2. Into ephambili yesibini ukubuyisela yokuhlawula amatyala abantu onetyala. Le nto xa usaqala yenza isicwangciso sokulungisa loo mali. Ngayo, akukho mfuneko yokuba ukususa Wayengomnye wabadlali zemalike yesizwe. Luchanekile kakhulu ngakumbi ukunceda ukubuyisela, umzekelo, inkampani yayo 'ukuthinjwa zoqoqosho. " Kulo mzekelo, inzala na amathuba ophuhliso ngakumbi icandelo abaqeshwe lwemarike kunye noqoqosho ngokubanzi. Ukufezekisa iinjongo kule meko isicwangciso kwimeko yesiqhelo. Esi sigaba ikhona ukubuyisela yokuhlawula amatyala. plan lahlukene, yena, likuvumela ukuba Ukucutha inkqubo kwaye andise impumelelo yawo.

Le ukhetho oluthile phakathi kwezi ndlela kwenziwa ngqo "kwi ndawo" xa siyazi bayahlelwa ngqo lo mntu.

Uphawu kwinqanaba lokuqala ungonakala - esweni

Ukuze ngokupheleleyo ukuqonda kakuhle umsebenzi Institute, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlalutya ezi zigaba eziphambili ukuphunyezwa kwayo. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, inyathelo lokuqala kuthiwa kweliso. Ukungqinelana noMthetho Federal № 127 "Kwi Insolvency" ngumgqaliselo - yenye loo inkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya imeko yezimali yonetyala kaThixo, ukugcina ubunini, njl Inkqubo inyanzelekile, ngoko ke usoloko ndaqonda ... Oku kungenxa ukubaluleka enkulu lokuqaphela. Ngapha koko, ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo kwi yimali okanye nokuvuselelwa kwishishini, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqokelela ingcaciso eyaneleyo zemali ukuze isigqibo wayegwetyelwe izibakala.

Ukuqala ngendlela ebonisa yenkqubo kufuneka imvume yamatyala arbitral. Ukuba kunjalo, onetyala uqala uhlalutyo ngqo bona msebenzi wayo ozakube usaqhutywa. Okokuqala, kufuneka ukuchonga kukuzibophelela onke amatyala, ukuhlalutya intsingiselo yazo. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ikomiti okanye kwintlanganiso abatyalwayo '. Kwezinye iimeko, umbolekisi unelungelo lokunqumamisa kwilayini eyahlulweyo ngokupheleleyo womsebenzi ngokunxulumene kunye nokufunyanwa kwemali. Kuba ekufezekisweni kweli lungelo, kukho elo ziko, njengoko ingxelo ye otyalwayo. Khumbula ukuba isisho wenkqubo - lithuba lokuba uphume umngxuma kwetyala. Inzuzo ephambili kukuba amalungu onetyala ngamnye azisekelwanga uyathinjwa, nangona ezinye izithintelo kumsebenzi wabo kubakho.

Noko ke, imilinganiselo ye-LLC okanye neminye imibutho ezisemthethweni, ezifana kwinqanaba lokuqaphela ithatha indawo kutyunjwe umlawuli okwethutyana. Le umntu ngokuzimela zenkqubo, xa ngaxeshanye kunye "umthombo" umlawuli wenkampani unetyala kulo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indima umlawuli okwethutyana inkulu ngokwaneleyo. Eneneni, xa iqala ungonakala LLC okanye enye Uhlobo lombutho zomthetho, iintengiselwano ezithile, iinkampani ingathatha kuphela indawo imvume yakhe ebhaliweyo. Kuba imicimbi efana nale zezi:

1. Imisebenzi enxulumene ngqo nokusetyenziswa okanye uhlobo olunye zichaza kwepropati ukuba unalo ibe nexabiso elingaphezulu kwe-5% yetotali asethi umbutho eyayithwele.
2. Imisebenzi mali: nokukhutshwa kweziqinisekiso, mboleko, imali-mboleko, njalo njalo Ukusetyenziswa onetyala malunga nokulungiswa kwakhe kule meko kuyimfuneko ...

Ngenxa yoko, inyathelo mazwi kwindawo yokuqala ukwenzela ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo ukungangqinelani. Kunye wazithwala phandle uluhlu ngakumbi iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo.

iinkqubo ozikhethelayo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, kusakhelwa - engundoqo, mandatory ubhaliso inkqubo amatyala. Kulo mzekelo, kwimo zemali, ulawulo yangaphandle, zingekho. kunye yesivumelwano soqhawulo-mtshato - le nkqubo olongezelelweyo. Basenokuba Kufuneka ngethuba ingqalelo ungonakala. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhetha ethile inkqubo zasesekondari, iya kuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo izigqibo ekufikelelwe kwinqanaba lokuqaphela. Ngoko ke, amanyathelo ezongezelelweyo ziyaphunyezwa kuphela emva kokuba uhlalutyo nemisebenzi yezemali umntu okanye iqumrhu. Zonke izigaba iquka uMthetho Federal. 127-FZ njengoko ufakelwe izilungiso (itekisi epheleleyo) zipapashwe kwi-website esemthethweni abasemagunyeni yase kanye zengingqi, ngokunjalo kumajelo eendaba.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siye ahlelwe ngokutsha inkqubo yezimali kunye esemthethweni ezikweletini, ngokunjalo iindlela ukuqonda yayo. Xa ndiqukumbela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi indlela beli ziko nangoku kubonisiwe kulo mbono, apho ingasetyenziswa kwintsimi zomthetho kunye nezoqoqosho, kungekho naziphi na iingxaki. Kwaye nkqu ehlaziyiweyo yakutshanje engaphenduli kutoliko bokuphela iinkqubo. Mhlawumbi amagqwetha kufutshane elizayo noqoqsho zisebenzisane ukuba zizakhele ukuphunyezwa kuyilo iyimpumelelo yeziko ezikweletini, nto leyo eza kuvumela ukuba ukuqhuba kakuhle kwaye ngobuchule, ukugcina onetyala, kunokuba ukuvalwa.