Court of the European Union: uphi na ke ukubunjwa, amagunya

Abantu ngawo onke amaxesha bafuna ukuba bamanyane. Le nyaniso ingqinwa inembali ende ukuyilwa karhulumente, owazalwa kwiintsapho yezizwe-kanye ezikhoyo okanye uluntu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukwandiswa kwingxelo zentlalo kuye kwaba ukusebenza kwimibutho yabantu, esizibonakalisa kwinkqubo yommiselo unxulumano loluntu. Kodwa ke ukudidiyelwa imisebenzi yenkitha - ayikho yolwazi kakhulu njengento eluncedo, efuna olunzulu uvavanyo kunye nezisombululo zokusebenza.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uluntu ayikho eyohlobo olulodwa. Oku kuquka abantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo eentlanga, iinkonzo, iintlanga, njl ukuba alawulwe ngenxa yempembelelo jikelele. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba kuyimfuneko kukulungelelanisa lonke uluntu, hayi amaqela ngamnye. Kangangexesha elide abantu ayikwazanga ukufumana ofanelekileyo umalusi zentlalo wobudlelwane. Noko ke, lowo umthetho, ukusebenza leyo eyandisa suku ngalunye.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ifumene ilungelo uhlobo ezimbalwa kwamasebe. Ukongeza, ukumelwa kudidi ubandakanya abadlali abohlukeneyo. umthetho EU (i-European Union) Okubangel 'umdla ngokwaneleyo. Esi sakhiwo kuzisa kunye inani elikhulu lemigaqo. Kulo mzekelo, i-EU liphuhlise indlela ngokwaneleyo enamandla ukukhusela amalungelo abalawulwa naluphi na uhlobo ephula. Lo msebenzi ubonelela iNkundla ye-European Union, malunga neempawu kunye nokusebenza eza kuxutyushwa kamva kweli nqaku.

EU - kombono nokwakheka

Court of the European Union - oku umzimba kuphela bayo kungenxa kubukho lwesakhiwo supergosudarstvennoy olubanzi. Enjalo namhlanje European Union. Xa ezingundoqo layo, i-EU - yeyona manyano lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko lamazwe yenziwe ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi ngokubanzi kwaye ukuphumeza iinjongo ezithile.

ukusebenza sombutho we-European Union kwi kwinqanaba lezikolo. Ngamanye amazwi, amazwe EU, uluhlu leyo ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi, uya kuzuza inxaxheba manyano, njengoko iba nefuthe ngqo kwi imeko yabo yezoqoqosho. Ukongeza, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-Union kuthetha imida ezivulekileyo, leyo lula kakhulu urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngoko, kwi-EU namhlanje nakumazwe:

• Austria.
• Belgium.
• Bulgaria.
• UK.
• Hungary.
• Germany.
• Greece.
• Denmark.
• Ireland.
• Spain.
• Italy.
• ESipro.
• Latvia.
• Lithuania.
• Luxembourg.
• YiMalta.
• Netherlands.
• Poland.
• Portugal.
• Estonia.
• ERomania.
• ESlovakia.
• Slovenia.
• EFinland.
• France.
• Sweden.
• Czech Republic.

Ngokumalunga ukusebenza lombutho wathi, kuba adjustable. umthetho EU kuchaphazela ezininzi imiba ezivelayo kule khosi imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yesakhiwo zoqoqosho nezopolitiko. Ngoko ke, ngokuba isifundo eneenkcukacha kuyimfuneko ukuqonda awohluke icandelo kwenkqubo yezomthetho.

umthetho Union European

amazwe EU, leyo luhlu rhoqo ihlaziywe, kumsebenzi ilawulwa nezithethe ezisemthethweni ezizodwa. Ngoko ke, umthetho i-European Union - into ethile kubume bayo inkqubo esichaphazela inkqubo amazwe evrointergratsii imibutho inxaxheba, kwaye linoxanduva ukusebenza ngokukuko ezisemagunyeni.

Kukho iindawo ezininzi imbono kwi ubunini kolu didi. Abaphengululi abaninzi bathi umthetho EU - yinto inkqubo ezizimeleyo idibanisa imiba ephambili yomthetho zombini inkqubo ngamazwe kunye neenkqubo zelungu ithi. Ezinye abameli inzululwazi ithi ubukho kudidi kwi-Institute International. Kodwa nokuba kungade kube njalo, ukuze, ukukhanyela ukuba ukuzimela yomthetho EU akanakuba ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

• has isakhiwo yayo;
• umthetho Union European lusekelwe kwiinqobo ezithile;
• ngokokusetyenziswa kwawo nxaxheba ngamnye;
• umthetho EU kucacisiwe isiseko somthetho eyahlukileyo.

Siyaqonda ukuba kukho inkqubo yezomthetho limisela imfuneko ubulungisa, oko kuya kukhusela ithuba izifundo zayo. Kwi-European Union kukho inkqubo yobulungisa, ukunyaniseka leyo ebonakaliswa kwinkundla ekhethekileyo.

amaziko lezobulungisa European Union

Kakade ke, ulawulo lamazwe 28 akwi -EU , akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kobukho imizimba ezizodwa, ogama msebenzi isisombululo kweembambano ezithile. Ngamanye amazwi, xa nasiphi isakhiwo kufuneka Institute ikhoyo Justice.

Ukuba sithethe ngokuthe ngqo European Union, kule umanyano kukho elo ziko, yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukusebenza iminyaka emininzi. Ibali lakhe iqala ngo-1952, xa yasekwa yaseYurophu Coal kunye Steel Court Association. Kamva, lo mzimba uqambe ECJ. Ngexesha ukhona, igunya ingqalelo inani elikhulu lamatyala yendalo eyahlukileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iNkundla ye-European Union, ngakumbi ngqo, imisebenzi yayo zilawulwa yi imimiselo ye iSivumelwano Lisbon, abasusela ku-2007. Ngokutsho iqhekeza mthetho mayingeniswe kwibhunga ngayo izakhono kunye nemisebenzi ethile. Indawo weNkundla ye-European Union ngumzi Luxembourg.

isebe bokwakha

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkundla isebenza nge-nkqubo olubanzi somthetho-zakhiwe kakuhle inkqubo yangaphakathi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba iNkundla EU lwesakhiwo kunceda ukuba sihlole ngakumbi nangokugqibeleleyo iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Oko kukuthi, kukho ukusasazwa nobuchule phakathi ezinokuzuzwa omzimba. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba ibinzana elithi "Court of Justice le-European Union" - Lubalasele kwenkqubo yobulungisa iphela kwisakhiwo i-EU ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Eyona nto iphambili eziphawula inkqubo, akukho mathandabuzo, Ngokomzi. nesakhiwo sayo inikezelwa yi iSivumelwano kwi European Union. Ngokutsho data abahlala kweli senzo olumisiweyo, iNkundla of Justice yakhiwa:

- ngqo enkundleni;

- Tribunal;

- a inkundla ezizodwa.

Nganye kwezi zinto linoxanduva kwakhona okanye ukwenza ishishini umlinganiswa othile. Oku kukhokelela kubukho imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo kwimeko nganye.

Court njengento ebalulekileyo ye-EU Institute for Justice

Luxembourg City linxiwa kwindawo yesebe engundoqo, nto leyo egunyazisiweyo yokujongana neembambano phakathi amandla amagunya kwi-European Union. INkundla Ukwakheka igunya liphezulu EU Institute of Justice nkqubo. iiseshoni Court agcinwe kubini ngenxa iifom lombutho: plenary kwiiwadi. Kwisakhono umzimba ebanzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba namhlanje. Le nyaniso kungenxa bulkiness ngesakhiwo qoqosho nopolitiko i-European Union kunye sikhokelo zolawulo. umzimba zilawulwa usihlalo, leyo yeyona Kun Lenaerts.

isakhiwo weNkundla

umzimba ibonakalisa ngendlela. ubume babasebenzi balo iqulathe izinto ezintathu ezisisiseko. Eyokuqala usihlalo. Yinto igosa idibanisa imisebenzi kwiNkundla Management Institute of the European Union. Yena inyulelwa iminyaka emi-3 ngendlela yamaphepha okuvota ayimfihlo yamalungu umzekelo. Umsebenzi ophambili we-usihlalo na ukuhanjiswa amatyala phakathi kwamasebe seNkundla kwaye uququzelelo kwemveliso yawo. isakhiwo nawo egumbini kunye neeseshoni zepalamente. Zikhona ukuphucula ukusebenza konyango zemveliso. Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ukuqonda oko kwintlanganiso zepalamente.

ukwakheka komzimba

Kakade ke, isixeko Luxembourg yaziwa phambi kwabagwebi, hayi kwinkundla. Ngapha koko, sekusenziwa imisebenzi ethile kunye nemisebenzi phantsi kwegunya layo. Ukubunjwa weNkundla kumba kakhulu. Isebenzisa amalungu-28 ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, oko kukuthi, umntu omnye osuka kwilizwe ilungu le-European Union. Ukongeza, kukho loo isigxina sakhe isiluleko jikelele. Bona ziyinxalenye EU kubonelelwe kwiNkundla kubantu-8. Kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqatshelwe ubukho ifowuni kwaye umabhalane wenkundla isakhiwo emzimbeni.

Amagunya European Union Court of Justice

Wonke igunya iqela lamanyathelo eziphambili ezifanele kwenziwa qho mandatory. Kodwa le nkampani unikwe amandla athile, oko kukuthi, inkululeko amanyathelo kwindawo ethile. Court of the European Union kule meko kungekho ngaphandle. Kwakhona benawo eziliqela namandla, nto leyo enokwenza ukuba le misebenzi ibaluleke igunya. Amagunya wowe iSivumelwano kwi European Union. Phantsi amalungiselelo alo, iNkundla unelungelo:

• iingxelo luthathwa ibango lamazwe inxaxheba for ephula ezinye izifundo ezifana amalungelo efunwa yimimiselo EU;
• esweni imisebenzi zamaziko eziphambili ze-European Union kwi kwisifundo ngobuchule semthethweni xa yokujongana nemiba ethile;
• ukutolika ngokwemigaqo yomthetho EU ngesicelo amaqela anomdla;
• ukuvavanya ukuba semthethweni imimiselo ekhutshwa imizimba ngumbutho nokusebenza kwazo inkqubo ummiselo unxulumano ezithile;
• ingqalelo iingxabano zabo ngqo phakathi European Union njengequmrhu epheleleyo kunye nezinto zalo ngabanye;
• umba izigqibo yeengcebiso wokubethelwa izinto ezahlukeneyo ngamazwe amalungelo oluntu;
• ukuvelisa Ephakamileyo ngokuchasene nezigqibo zeNkundla.

Icala Authority

Njengoko ubona, abasemagunyeni lezobulungisa European Union iquka ezininzi mathuba umdla. Ububanzi ubuchule bakhe ucacisa indawo enkulu umbutho kwaye kukho inani elikhulu labathathi-nxaxheba, izinto ezo, kuthi, ibunjiwe amazwe azimeleyo. Kulo mzekelo, iNkundla kwandiswa imisebenzi ngqongqo kwizifundo EU. Ngamanye amazwi, isikhalazo kwiNkundla yaseYurophu ingagcinwa kuphela iqela elo Asikokungena womanyano. Le into ethile yenye iimpawu eziphambili okhankanywe lexi umzimba.

ulwazi olusisiseko malunga Tribunal

States of the European Union angafaka isicelo nemibutho ezikhethekileyo igunya ubulungisa. Njengoko ezinjalo kubizwa ngokuba Tribunal. Nangona isihloko kwakhe okukhulu, igunya alizithathi amatyala lidibane nangayiphi na indlela emfazweni, njl Noko ke, amagunya yamaTyala ayikho ngaphantsi ebanzi ngaphezu koko ye-EU Court of Justice. Kwimisebenzi yayo, lo nto iya kuphonononga amatyala ngenxa yomonakalo, phezu uhlalutyo semthethweni kunye semthethweni EU imizimba alawulayo nayiphi na iimbambano malunga lokungasebenzi lwamaziko athile kunye nemibutho ye-European Central Bank, njl Kwisakhono yamaTyala fixed kwezivumelwano ezahlukeneyo lombutho, ebonisa ukuba semthethweni yayo.

Yintoni yinkundla ekhethekileyo?

Eboshwe 2001. ISivumelwano Nice ubonelela ngobukho omnye umzekelo lobulungisa-EU. iinkundla ezizodwa imizimba ezithile ababandakanyekayo ingqalelo iimeko ezithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi neengxabano ezivela kwicandelo lweenkonzo kunye nemiba epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi benkundla yamatyala ezizodwa ngokhethekileyo kwindalo kwaye isicelo inani eliqingqiweyo imiba ezisebenzayo.

Ingaba ikhona into yesi-4 EU kwenkqubo yobulungisa?

izazinzulu ezininzi ibonisa ukuba isakhiwo imizimba ezizodwa kwi-European Union ubunjwe inani elikhulu izinto ngaphezu kwezo ziqulethwe amagatya amaxwebhu asemthethweni. Namhlanje, bewenza abaninzi oluphezulu kwinkqubo yenkundla ye-EU abasemagunyeni yesizwe yeenkundla lamazwe inxaxheba. Le umba impikiswano ngokwenene, njengoko phakathi amagunya Union European arhente Isihloko akukho nolungelelwaniso zeenkundla yesizwe.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, siye Wajonga ingqiqo, iimpawu kunye namandla Court of Justice le-European Union, ezinikezelwa yi imimiselo esebenzayo bombutho. Kulo mzekelo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba imisebenzi elimelwe umzimba EU, nangona kulawulwa nefanelekileyo, kusenjalo nanamhlanje kufuna ezinye iinguqulelo kunye nokuphucula.