Zokungqinga of Chernobyl: okungayi inkunkuma eqhumayo

Chernobyl Ukuthintelwa Zone ... La mazwi kukhunjuzwa sentlekele yoyikekayo olwaqhubeka eUkraine ngowe-1986. A nemihlaba yokungcwaba radioactive kwindawo onesifo lesi nto kodwa yokulahla, ugcwele ngokupheleleyo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngexesha ukutshona ngozi isityalo amandla enyukliya. iindawo ezinjalo kule ndawo ivaliweyo ezimbalwa.

Imbali yengozi kunye neziphumo zawo

Idolophu eChernobyl (Ukraine) kwi-1970, waba into, apho kwagqitywa ukwakha isityalo samandla enyukliya, eliquka iiyunithi ezine. Kuba abasebenzi Chernobyl kunye neentsapho zabo kaFebruwari 4, 1970 eyasekwayo isixeko Pripyat. Kwabakho ilifu radioactive ngamandla liqhuma ngemini yengozi, ngaloo ndlela le ndawo kakhulu ongcolileyo kwindawo exclusion.

Ngokuphathelele kuvavanyo turbogenerator kwiyunithi ngamandla wesine ebusuku ngoAprili 26 1986 , at 1:23 kwakukho edumileyo intlekele e Chernobyl. Hayi kuphela Pripyat, eChernobyl (Ukraine), kodwa ezinye iindawo Belarus abachatshazelwa yi-dubulo le yokugula mkhumbi. Cities, ezilalini iindawo kwindawo exclusion ezingamashumi ngekhilomitha-nangoku kucingelwa ukuba "ufile", oko kukuthi sasikhal ngabantu.

Isiqalo radiation kwimihla lokuqala ngozi phantse kulingana kukuqhushumba ngenyukliya ukuqhushumba, leyo, Kakade ke, lalifihlakele ngurhulumente waseSoviet kuphela abahlali besixeko kodwa lonke eli lizwe. Namhlanje akukho mntu uhlala Pripyat. Ke uya kufela endaweni apho kwenzeke ingozi, basaqhubeka abantu abasebenzayo, ukukhonza station. Ngoko ke, loo nto kuthiwa eyintlango eChernobyl. namhlanje okungayi, kakhulu, kwezinye iindawo amiweyo, kodwa elawo - amanqanaba radiation minyaka yonke iba asezantsi, ngoko ezinye iindawo inokuba kakhulu ukuba babexakekile.

inkunkuma yokungcwaba ngobuso eChernobyl - kukuthi, njengokuba umthetho, indawo ukuqokelelana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi, ezifana ntaka Mi-26 kunye Mi-8, iimoto isithintelo, ukulungiswa kunye nokufunyanwa kunye kwesimo imichiza, abathwali lokhozi, ezithwala, abathwali abasebenzi vehicles, "ambulensi "ukumbiwa njalo njalo. Iindleko zizonke kobugcisa "radioactive" malunga nezigidi 46 US iidola ngokungqinelana kunye namaxabiso kunyaka 1986 (1 USD -. 72,5 kopecks).

Chernobyl amangcwaba izaliswe kuphela ezothutho, inxaxheba zokucima umlilo, kodwa ke iimoto Iwabemi Pripyat. Hi ndlela leyi, abanye babo basetyenziswa ekuqaleni komlilo.

RWDS "Podlesny"

Umhlathi yokungcwaba kwenkunkuma eqhumayo ekwacwangciswa ngayo ekwahluleni bume ubuchule radioactive kakhulu, nto leyo inxaxheba ekuvalweni neziphumo zokungaphumeleli kwi iyunithi wesine. Yena ezakhiwa ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ngenxa apho ngoDisemba 1986 wavalelwa ukusebenza. RWDS ibekwe 1.5 km ukusuka kwisityalo igunya phezu kwintsimi yefama Podlesny.

A indawo yokungcwaba wakhethwa unelishwa, njengoko oku chweba nonxweme Pripyat, nto leyo nje ngeekhilomitha ukusuka emlanjeni. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ilungiselelo elinjalo eyingozi ukuba isikhongozeli kunye namatanki eziphathekayo kunye inkunkuma ekugqibeleni unokuphulukana yobunzima balo.

usongo Environmental

Okwangoku, zonke iivenkile, ezifana RWDS "Podlesny 'esweni ngenyameko. Kuba oku amaqula ezikhethekileyo zadalwa ngoncedo apho itshekhi yongcoliseko komhlaba.

Eziphathekayo izakhiwo emangcwabeni yawa azisalungiseki. umthwalo onzima phezu slab isiseko uvelisa kwiziqulathi, nto leyo inokukhokelela inkangeleko neentanda. unyaka ngamnye, ithemba kwandisa amathuba elalana kwezinto radioactive kumhlaba kunye komhlaba. Ukongeza, RWDS ibekwe kwindawo lwemihlaba ukuba kukhukuliswa ngexesha ezibhotileni i Pripyat River. Le meko iba nefuthe elibi kwi imeko zeradiyoloji jikelele kwindawo exclusion.

RWDS "Buryakovka"

Zokungqinga of Chernobyl - na ummandla phantsi Podlesnym kuphela. Kukho kwakhona ngongoma phezulu "Buryakovka" wadala VNIPIET Institute, nto leyo esekelwe ukusebenza kulo bezabelo eSoviet Union. Esi sibonelelo elaqala ukusebenza ngo-Februwari 1987. Igcina esebenza inkunkuma eqhumayo iqela lokuqala.

Le ndawo kuhlala yogcino, ligubungela ummandla ka 1200 x 700 leemitha. Apha ke ibekwe imisele-30. Apha ngokudibana zonke iimfuno eziyimfuneko ukukhusela okusingqongileyo evela bangangcolisi. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba RWDS ingabekwa kumgama enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukusuka ezingamadama ezivulekileyo.

Kude kube ngoku, ummandla "Buryakovka" wafumana izinto ezininzi ukusuka Pripyat kunye eChernobyl, yaye ngenxa yoko kwenziwa isigqibo sokwandisa yokugcina ngo-1996. Oku uvunyelweyo ukuba eze apha enye inkulungwane 120. Cubic metres kwenkunkuma eqhumayo.

RWDS "indawo yesithathu eChernobyl"

Ngokuqhelekileyo, amangcwaba eChernobyl wakha ngqo ecaleni mveliso umonakalo, oko kudala iimeko intshukumo ekhawulezileyo izixhobo zingcoliswe kunye nobutyobo block yesine. Ngenxa yoko, RWDS "indawo yesithathu eChernobyl" imi kwindawo woshishino zesikhululo.

Ukuqalisa kwi nkqi yokugcina ice 1986. Le nto iyinxalenye kwamagumbi eziphathekayo, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, yahlulwe iiseli. icandelo Top legqunyiwe ngomaleko ngekhonkrithi, umhlaba ubunjwe ze nodongwe. yokugcina Ngaphandle ingqongwe ngocingo oluhlabayo. Ukususela ngoDisemba 1988 RWDS into ilondolozwe, ikhuselwe ngamapolisa.

ukulahlwa umba kwenkunkuma eqhumayo "indawo yesithathu", kwakunye nazo zonke amangcwaba ka eChernobyl, kukho ingxaki enkulu bume. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kwemvelo bacetyiswa ukuba ivalwe ngokupheleleyo phantsi eChernobyl. Kulo mzekelo, iya kuveliswa okupholisa ichibi ithambeka kufutshane unxweme. Ngaloo ndlela, apho kuya kubakho ukuhla amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwinqanaba phantse eziimitha ezine. La manyathelo aya kunceda ukunciphisa kakhulu isixa atom emhlabeni.

Rassokha njengomnye yokungcwaba

Phambi labantu sentlekele le lali Ukrainian ngabantu 416 nganye amakhaya 188. Kweli nqanaba kwilali yangaphambili ifumaneka malunga enye newaka nesiqingatha yeeyunithi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka ntaka kwiibhasi, uninzi apho ilahlwa ngo-2013.

Ngexesha kuvele ingozi yayimi kufuphi Rassokha umba processing iyasuleleka technology radiation. Ngenxa yoko, bonke oomatshini kunye robots, okanye kungcwatywa, okanye ekhohlo ukuya kumphezulu womhlaba.