Zingaphi amaculo kwilizwe lethu, kwaye ngubani owabhala umhobe wesizwe of Russia?

Ngubani obhale umhobe wesizwe of Russia? Olunjani ukuba amaculo ambalwa mbuzo? Ngapha koko, kwakukho ubuncinane ezintathu. Xa ucinga ukuba namhlanje Russian Federation - ozothatha waseUSSR, ungadibanisa ezintathu. Kwaye emva 1917, ukuya zokusekwa kwe-USSR ngowe-1922, kwakukho ababini. Ngoko ke owabhala umhobe wesizwe ka-Russia, yintoni, nini?

State aphesheya ngokuqhelekileyo ukufumana ngeeMpawu ezintathu: ingubo lwesizwe, indwe kunye umhobe. Ezi mpawu ezintathu nasiphi self-ngokuphathelele njengombuso ozimeleyo iimfuno. Kodwa ke akusoloko. Eli gama wavela in Greek - "hymnos", yaye oko kwakuthetha ingoma esinyanisekileyo enikelwe isithixo, lo msebenzi lomculo zohlobo esemthethweni. EYurophu ngelo xesha yena umhobe idumileyo yaseBritani "Makadle ubomi ukumkani." Iye yasetyenziswa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18 yaye iguqulwe ngenkulungwane ye-19, kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20 aseYurophu. Phakathi kwabo, naseRashiya. Emva kokuba 1812 imbongi Russian Alexander Vostokov wawumanya hambo "Wengoma Russian Tsar." Kamva Umphengululi VA Zhukovsky watshintsha okubhaliweyo, kwaye Pushkin kuqhuba iivesi ezimbini. Ngoko ke kunzima ukuba uxele ukuba ngubani owabhala umhobe wesizwe eRashiya: East, Zhukovsky kunye Pushkin. Ngowe-1816 e Warsaw kwi kuqhutywa oku kuvezwa zomkhosi umhobe yokuqala wesizwe lwenziwa wazuza iwonga karhulumente. Kodwa kwaqhubeka de 30. Kwaye ngoko ke Tsar Nicholas omtsha Ndakha wathetha nesithukuthezi, yena "ndagqobhoza ukuphulaphula umculo iminyaka emininzi kangaka i IsiNgesi", waza ke wabiza umqambi bakhe abanyanisekileyo A.F.Lvova waza wayalela ukuba ubhale gimnotvorchestva wobugcisa. A.F.Lvov ngaxeshanye alimwi neempelesi kakumkani, kwaye ngexesha lakhe spare ukusuka lori sakhatshwa amalungu entsapho uNicholas I kunye nabahlobo bakhe Ikonsathi yobukumkani indlu. Ngenxa njengokhuphiswano, kwathiwa kuyo iimvumi ezininzi. Ndibe phakathi kwabo, Glinka. Emva oscillations ngalo mbandela kwaye umculo A.F.Lvovym ebhaliweyo. Ke amagama kwakhona yabhalwa VAZhukovsky. Ukususela ngoDisemba 1833 umhobe entsha iculwa wonke eRashiya.

Ngowe-1917, umhobe wesizwe, "UThixo Gcina i Tsar" ezilahlekileyo ukufaneleka - asiyeke Tsar uNicholas II. kufuneka kwakhona iculo elitsha wesizwe. Siqalise i uphendlo. Elungele kakhulu kwabonakala "Working Marseillaise" (igama Russian, ubeke phezu umculo lokuqala umhobe ye-French Republic), ebhalwe 1875. Ngo-1917, loo nto ithathwa umhobe ongamiselwanga ye revolution. Noko ke, xa ngexesha inkokeli intlanganiso RSDLP Lenin kwi Station Finland e Petrograd okhestra wayedlala i "Marseillaise", uLenin wacebisa, "Masicule i" Internationale. " Ngoko ke ngoJanuwari 1918 waba yipropathi Soviet Russia, ngoko safudukela ukusetyenziswa yiSoviet Union (de kube sekupheleni 1943) kunye inxalenye III Comintern.

Ngowe-1943, yagqiba sokuwuchitha III Communist International, kunye "I-Internationale" (njengendlela iculo iqela III Comintern) ilifa yi CPSU (b) (kamva - Communist Party). Ekubeni eSoviet Union ezilahlekileyo umhobe yayo wesizwe. Ilindele ezi ziganeko sele ibhengeziwe ukhuphiswano lasemfihlekweni iculo elitsha USSR. It kwavezwa ukuba okubhaliweyo kufuneka kungabi amagama uLenin Stalin.

Siye waphumelela ukhuphiswano imfazwe correspondent S.V.Mihalkov kunye mbongi G. El-Registan. Ngoko ke, ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1944 iculo elitsha eSoviet. Emva kokufa kukaStalin kaThixo , kwaye yee-70s

azenza umculo kuphela (umbhali A.V.Aleksandrov) okanye kuphela indinyana yokuqala ikwayara - igama Stalin wayekho kwisicatshulwa. Ngowe-1977, isicatshulwa ngokutsha kunye ukwamkelwa kwe-siseko omtsha. Umbhali - waphinda S.V.Mihalkov.

Ngowe-1991, emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR le Russian Federation washiywa ngaphandle umhobe wesizwe kwakhona. Kuba ngoxa kukho kuphela umculo Glinka "Ingoma Patriotic".

iculo lakhe lokugqibela eRashiya ngowe-2000 Ke kaloku, njengokuba ucinga, owabhala umhobe wesizwe eRashiya, kule lwalo. Kakade ke, umbhali abazukileyo neengoma Russia. Yaye ekubeni 2000, iculo Russian ukuhlaziywa, ogama umbhali S.V.Mihalkov nomqambi A.V.Aleksandrov izandi ngamandla ezintsha uzuko ezweni enkulu.