Zeziphi iziseko. Iintlobo iziseko, kunye abayichaza

Ukwakhiwa nasiphi na isakhiwo, nokuba yinto encinane labucala, yokugquma kunye egaraji, iqala isiseko. Zifakwe ntwenini na izikhondo, esiza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku. Kwakhona, cinga ngoko uhlobo yoxwebhu ingaphezulu ngokwesakhiwo esithile, ngaphandle apho nokuba emazantsi tab akunakuphepheka.

Ziziphi iintlobo iziseko nokuba ukwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo?

Isiseko sayo yinxalenye yokwakha phantsi komhlaba. Nangona ebonakalayo, kodwa ke le yinxalenye engundoqo umthwalo ngokuzala ngexesha lomsebenzi. Foundation imfuneko ukuxhasa ubunzima iindonga umthwalo-ngokuzala, iisilingi, izixhobo ibekwe ngaphakathi. Akumangalisi ke, amandla ayo kwaye ihlala ngqo ubomi 'ebomini "yendlu ixhomekeke.

Ukukhetha isiseko ekunene - kwakungelula. Olubalo kufuneka athathe inani lezinto ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo, ngemihlaba kunye nohlobo lomhlaba, inqanaba amanzi phantsi komhlaba, ubunzulu iqabaka, kunye nabanye. Kwakhona, uyilo kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubunzima zonke izinto, ukususela ekwakheni izinto ifanitshala nezixhobo eziza kusetyenziswa kweso sakhiwo. Iintlobo iziseko, kunye nenkcazelo yazo - konke oku thaca ngezantsi apha ngokutsha.

iziseko igoqo

Olu khetho mhlawumbi yenye ixabiso ilula kunye neendleko. Unqwabelana zifanelekile nokuba kwindawo ethambileyo, kuba umthwalo uya kuba maleko zamahlathi ngakumbi yaye unzulu. olu hlobo iziseko lokuthwala umthamo kakhulu phezulu, aze enze umsebenzi zokumba ayikho nzima. Sebenzisa nabo ikakhulu kwi ephantsi ukuvela eziphakamileyo yokwakha labucala.

iziseko mfumba zahlukile. Sami unqwabelana zinokufakwa nkqo kumphezulu, kwaye obliquely. Ezahlukeneyo kwaye iqondo ngokuntywiliselwa emhlabeni. Zeziphi ziimfumba for isiseko? Ukuba zingenziwa ngamaplanga, ngesinyithi okanye eziphathekayo. Kwaye njengoko iqondo ilungiselelo - olunye, iteyiphu, okanye amasimi yimfumba yonke. konke kuxhomekeke kwinani imigangatho, ubunzima kunye nemilinganiselo wokwakha elizayo.

strip izisekelo

Loo isiseko yeyona ubhetyebhetye zonke. iziseko strip zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo kwimihlaba nazo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kunikwa ukwakhiwa ongaphantsi okanye egaraji, iingcali Siyaleza ukubeka isiseko ke olu hlobo ukwakha kwixesha elizayo.

iziseko strip ii-kubunzulu ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke ebukhulwini iindonga axhasayo kunye noyilo lwendlu. Isebenzisa ezahlukeneyo zokwenza izinto: izitena, iibhloko eziphathekayo okanye inkunkuma ikhonkrithi ethandwayo namhlanje. Kakade ke, lo ukhetho kufuneka athathele ingqalelo uhlobo lomhlaba, inqanaba komhlaba kunye nengozi enokubakho yokutshatyalaliswa siseko.

isisekelo pier

Nanjengoko igama layo lixela, oko Sisiseko eentsika, apho ibekwe kunye rhoqo ethile iikona kwaye kujikelezo zendlu. Ngayo kwezi ntsika kamva kakhulu zilayishwe. Ukuthetha ngento esi isiseko sokwakha kwimozulu ebandayo, amaxesha amaninzi ukhetho iwela ngokuthanda columnar - ngokuba bengengabo koyikiswa yovalo enzonzobila. Imihlaba amaphaphu na esinye isizathu sokuba kusetyenziswe le siseko.

Iintsika isiseko ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka eziphathekayo ufakelo lwesamente, ngezitena, ilitye zendalo, iinkuni, amaqhekeza eziphathekayo kunye nabanye. Bobubi ziquka emngciphekweni kufuneka echithayo kumhlaba ethambileyo.

Monolithic (esinombhalo) izisekelo

Kuba kwiindawo kumanqanaba aphezulu komhlaba kunye nemihlaba ababuthathaka, slab monolithic - esingcono. Bookmark esi siseko kuqhutywa lonke isakhiwo, kwaye nokuthembeka wongezelela Bamisa sikhokelo ufakelo lwesamente. Oko kukuthi, isiseko imi kummandla kobume yonke. ngolo hlobo kunye nesakhiwo esikhulu ngakumbi inika amathuba ubuncinane ukunqamka nentshabalalo sakhiwo.

isiseko ekubhalwe kuso iya kuba simse ukwakha kwimimandla seismically esebenzayo. Nangona olu hlobo ezibiza kakhulu kunye nexesha elide ukuphumeza, kodwa iindleko ubaluleke ngayo. Ngapha koko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na iziseko uhlobo monolithic, wenze ubalo lwabo kunye noyilo pretty lula.

izisekelo nzulu

Ukuba umsebenzi ophambili xa ukwakha indlu - ukugcina ixesha nemali, ngoko esi siseko elingana kahle. Emva zokuhlala kwabo zibiza ngendleko ephantsi, akakhawulezi ngokufanelekileyo. Kakade ke, ngokuba multi-ezinemigangatho kunye nezakhiwo enzima azamkelekanga, kodwa ufakelo ukukhanya ziya lophumelele. Enye inzuzo iziseko nzulu - ukukwazi ukusebenzisa kubo ezibandayo kunye neendawo apho ingozi enkulu semirhumo komhlaba.

Indlu nganye - isiseko yakho!

Xa uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nesimo sizimisele, lixesha lokuba isigqibo apho ulwakhiwo bekumele ukuba ukwakha. Ngapha koko, inani imigangatho, ubungakanani, kananjalo iimpawu noshowo zinefuthe elingqalileyo kuhlobo sesiseko.

Wood Building, yande kwilizwe lethu kangangeenkulungwane, namhlanje zithanda wayo kwakhona. Kakade ke, kufuneka isiseko umgangatho izakhiwo kweenkuni. Ke yintoni na iziseko indlu ngomthi kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwi ubunzima. Emva zonke izakhiwo ngomthi zingakhiwa ezivuthayo amaplanga okanye wonke, ukuba ube olulodwa okanye multi-storeyed, sinokujamelana izinto enzima, njl Kodwa ke iintlobo eziphambili iziseko kwindlu yabucala eyenziwe ngomthi - .. Ingaba ziyimfumba eye, columnar kunye iribhoni kunye ingontsi encinane. Bathi akubizi, kulula ukuphumeza yaye ilungele izakhiwo elula, yintoni zizindlu ngamaplanga.

zokuhlala Small yokuhlala ngamaxesha athile, neebhate kunye hozpostroek ngomthi ukhetho olungcono wayeza kuba sisiseko pier. Qaphela: ukhetho yakhe ayisayi kuvumela ukuphuculwa ongaphantsi endlwini, ngoko cinga oku Xa uziyilela.

isigqibo esihle isiseko phantsi isakhiwo ngamaplanga iya kuba ukusetyenziswa yezikhala benesithukuthezi. Ukuba imibhobho zesamente asbestos, ukwakhiwa leyo ngakumbi nge yandisa ebuhlanti bathulula eziphathekayo. Kulo mzekelo, imibhobho akhawunti ukulungiselela umsebenzi umthwalo bulk ukusuka ekhaya. Xa sibeka isiseko lufuneka ukubaqhelisa amanqanaba kakuhle nzulu yovalo lomhlaba, baqukana imibhobho kunye nokuqiniswa ebuhlanti, wandula ke wayiphakamisa konke kunye eziphathekayo.

Foundation uhlobo ndidikwe eyongayo kwaye kulula ukuba kusebenze, kuba akukho ngxaki ukusebenzisa kwiindidi zomhlaba ethambileyo. Xa oku uvumelekile ukuba ukwakha endaweni yalo zombini izindlu olulodwa kunye ezinemigangatho emibini eyenziwe ngomthi.

Ke ukuba izakhiwo enzima multi-esinemigangatho eyenziwe ngekhonkrithi, ngezitena kunye eziphathekayo, ukuba imiswe kakuhle ngokwayo komcu lesiseko. Xa ekwakhiweni kwayo usebenzisa izinto eziluqilima kwaye ithembekile, ikhonkrithi becala eziphathekayo kwaye luqiniswe, kunye nokuqinisa isakhelo. Ukuba isakhiwo multi-esinemigangatho phantsi kusakhiwa kwimihlaba Inkitha, kubhetele ukuba ukusebenzisa pre-Iizilebhu kunye nesiseko monolithic elikhusela endlwini, evela kuyo iinguqu kunye qhwa lomhlaba.

Izixhobo - yinxalenye isiseko

Valve kufuneka phantse nasiphi na isiseko. iintlobo zalo, iiklasi neentlobo, kakhulu, kukuba ukuqonda ngcono. Emva kokuhlolisisa kakuhle na iziseko, kunokwenzeka ukuba bachonge izinto eziphembelela ukhetho lwezilinganisi ngohlobo olunye okanye kwelinye.

Xa iimeko professional vana ingafunyanwa nayo phantsi amagama yandisa bar okanye intonga, intonga okanye rebar. ukuqeshwa kwakhe - enika ngqongqo kunye namandla isiseko enkulu. Nokuqiniswa na smooth okanye exabe, eshushu-saliqengqa okanye ebandayo-ezityikitywe, Free of ukugogeka pre-ndixinezelekile. Yonke into ixhomekeke ubuchwepheshe lwemveliso, uhlobo iprofayili nomgangatho izinto, kwakunye nemiqathango ukusebenzisa eziphathekayo.

Ukuthetha ngento ubesifanele isiseko, asinakukwazi kuhlala kwiipropati yayo mechanical, ngamanye amazwi - iiklasi.

iiklasi nokuqiniswa, esetyenziselwa ngokubekwa kweziseko

• A1 - ukungasifaneli kunye (non-exabe) umphandle anencasa ductility eliphezulu. Lwenkonzo phantsi akhululeke. adhesion yayo eziphathekayo incinane, ukuze isivingco eziphambili alisetyenziswa ekuzalweni okutsha isiseko. Kodwa ke awunankinga nokubopha njengesakhelo esingundoqo.
• A2 no A3 - yeyona ixhaphakileyo tape Iintlobo ukuba ngokubekwa lesiseko. Oku izixhobo zila, lexi kumekaka kuloo matheku kunye imivalo. Inika coupling elungileyo emva ngokugalela wenqwelwana eziphathekayo, enokumelana elungileyo, iimpawu eliphezulu ucinezelo kunye nengxabano.
• A4, A5, A6, efanayo iimpawu zayo zobugcisa kunye sangqa iintlobo profile, kodwa eyahlukileyo kwibakala sentsimbi apho zakhiwa. Kwakhona ethandwa kakhulu ekubekeni isiseko kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Metal okanye fiberglass: ukuba ukhetha ntoni?

Kuxhomekeka izinto ezisetyenziswayo xa kwenziwa imveliso lwezilinganisi zingenziwa ngesinyithi okanye iplastiki. Ukuba isigqibo into azikhethele isakhiwo sakho, ngocoselelo ubunzima iingenelo neengozi kweentlobo zombini.

Steel nokuqiniswa robust nethembekileyo, ukumelana kwiimpembelelo yangaphandle ixesha elide. It ukumelana imithwalo enzima phezu aphambuke, amelwe uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezixabisekileyo, kwakunye nayiphi na ubude diametrical yentonga. Bobubi olu hlobo ziquka ubunzima omkhulu susceptibility ukuya umhlwa ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Fibreglass nokuqiniswa ezinjalo iziphene wobubi. Ngelo ubukhulu enye, oko ngokuphindwe kane elula engenziwanga ngenkcenkce, kulula ukuba ukuthutha kwaye kulula ukhutshelo ukuba ukufuma. Ngokungafaniyo kwensimbi, fiberglass akuthethi ukuqhuba ubushushu, Noko ke, izixhobo ezifana ukuphelisa inkangeleko notorious "iibhulorho thermal" kwaye andise iimpawu ubushushu kobume lonke. Kodwa ayikho ngaphandle olungabuy njengoko ukungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi welding kwanawokuqhuba ukugoba ngexesha ibandla.

UPawulos

Ngoko ke, nto leyo isiseko indlu yaye yintoni likufanelekele kuye, wena uyazi. Ngoku uhlala kuphela ukwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo ngokususela kwiimeko ezithile. Kufuneka sithembele ingcaciso ekhoyo kumhlaba kunye neempawu zayo, ubunzulu komhlaba, iimeko zemozulu yommandla njalo njalo.

Musa ukulibala ukuthatha ingqalelo, kwaye izinto apho wamisa isakhiwo ngokwaso. Umzekelo, ilitye kunye ngekhonkrithi izakhiwo zifuna ulwazi olunzulu kunye ububanzi, kunye namandla inkulu isiseko. Ngoxa kwakhiwe indlu yamaplanga ungafumana iindleko ezisezantsi nokunciphisa ukuntsonkotha umsebenzi. Cinga inani imigangatho; nokuba iindonga ukukhanya olomileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ndlu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu esinemigangatho ifuna ukubala ngenyameko ngakumbi isiseko.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na ezi iziseko kunye ukhetho olwenzayo, isiseko luseyinxalenye kakhulu kwaye uzinzile esakhiweni. Enyanisweni ke, ukuphakama ubuncinane isiseko kufuneka-20 cm eli nani ukusuka 0.5 ukuya kwimitha 1 -., Kuxhomekeka criteria ngentla. Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona ukuba ukwandisa umgangatho elalana, kwaye ngokwandisa umthwalo phezu kwesiseko.

sanixelela ngoko ke iziseko. Uthelekiso eluncedo nengeloncedo ngamnye kubo, ububanzi isicelo - konke oku kufuneka kube njengesiseko ukhetho oluchanekileyo.