Yobuciko bokwakha

izakhiwo yobuciko yathabatha isithuba esimalunga neminyaka eli-200 oyiswe eYurophu, eMelika. Le isimbo, ukongeza bokwakha, wathimba ukususela XVI kwinkulungwane XVIII Zonke iintlobo zobugcisa, ingakumbi ngokuqaqambileyo kokuba zachaphazeleka yeqonga nokupeyinta.

iingcambu yobuciko ingalandwa emva Renaissance. I lomculo yokuqala yaba kwintendelezo ozukileyo Belvedere eVatican Bramante. Yakhiwa isimbo enye, apho izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zenziwa: imifanekiso antique, ithala leencwadi, igadi rhoqo yeqonga. Sinokuthi oku ngere- lwezakhiwo yobuciko, njengoko iifomu ngokwabo elungeleleneyo yaye ezolile.

Villa Dzhuliya ngenxa abangooBhishophu kaJulius III lwenziwa yi womzobi Vignola kunye zonke iimpawu nezinto ezendeleyo ngale ndlela. Sele imisebenzi kamva kaMichelangelo, abaphengululi qaphela ubunzulu ngokweemvakalelo, ukugogeka zesi omkhulu yi wezakhiwo kwaye abonakalisa indlela ezimbejembeje bokwakha. Uveza amandla kunye ubutyebi, ayimangalisi kwi uguqulelo gama lithetha uhlobo woburheletyo, ukonakala utyekelo anxile. Iziko le babengene Italy.

Banomkhwa washiya ngegalelo lakhe isimbo ezimbejembeje bokwakha. Masters, le meko, nakuba zonke sivumelane kunye nobuthathaka bakhe, wathabatha utyekelo ezisisiseko azalwa kulo isimbo, zihanjiswa bezakhiwo ebizwa ngokuba ekuqaleni ezimbejembeje: Domenico Fontana, UCarlo Giacomo Nouveau Port. Kuye ke ngelo xesha neemfuno zoluntu zibonakala iingangamsha iingxande umzi, yoonongendi, nemizi ilizwe ezineegadi yobuciko kunye amabhotwe. Kobuhle ibandla laseRoma Il Gesù uba ngendlela oxhaswa ekwakhiweni ezininzi iicawa, hayi kuphela eItali, kodwa France, Belarus, Ukraine kunye nabanye.

yobuciko bokwakha kweli xesha banomkhwa ilifa umnqweno into ekhwankqisayo, isimanga engaqhelekanga. Oku ngakumbi kubonakala namathafa iipaki nezitiya. izakhiwo ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana open-air yemidlalo, Umfanekiso nyama- ingxilimbela okanye imaski abangaqhelekanga, ebetha ukuba iinkcukacha zayo engaqhelekanga kwaye exotic. Eli xesha luphawulwa nokudalwa ofisi kunye ziimyuziyam yokuqala kunye nokwenziwa kwayo. Kwakhona esweni kukuvela zokugcina kunye phesheya izityalo, engaqhelekanga ukuqokelelwa kwezimbiwa yaye kushicilelwa.

Generation Okulandelayo waphawula virtuoso nanto Borromini - an amazing nomyili, draftsman nomakhi. Ngesibindi wemka izinqumo classical, imithetho ezindala kunye nezisombululo ezaziwayo. Yena wakha ukuntsonkotha nanto isakhiwo kunye, kunoko, ulandela kaMichelangelo, kukuyo ngaphezu okanye Cortona.

Kuyinto sobuciko Kuyaphawuleka kunye inkosi kwi bokwakha nje Juvara. It kwandisa imizwa kumabhotwe risalits, izakhiwo oxwesileyo, ukudlala imiqulu ezahlukeneyo. Ngethuba layo lokubhalela na esithintelweyo ngakumbi, ezele iintsika, pilasters kunye ndandisohlwaywa, ezibonakaliswa classicism, kodwa kugcina ubuhle, ubuhle kunye nokwahluka apha yobuciko. Ubuciko kubhenca - i silhouettes ezichazayo ngokungaqhelekanga Stupinigi Castle, iRoyal Palace of Madrid kunye Basilica of Superga.

izakhiwo Russian ezimbejembeje yabonisa ekuqiniseni nokukhula ukumkani kunye izikhulu waba kumgangatho woku-1. ngekhulu XVIII. Wabonakala eziliqela awohluke yesizwe. ezahlukeneyo Russian yobuciko ukusuka izakhiwo eqaqambileyo lula Italian, Imvakalo noshowo, unxulumano phakathi isiseko eyakhayo, nezinto zokuhombisa. izakhiwo Russian ezimbejembeje inophawu enkulu, oko aza kusetyenziswa eqaqambileyo imibala ukupeyinta, ukuchasana ngqindilili coloristic kunye gilding. Le ndlela zobugcisa sele ifikelele kwi umda ezukileyo Manor kunye lomculo esezidolophini Tsarskoye Selo, Peterhof, eSt Petersburg kunye nabanye., Amatye ingqibelelo kunye nokucaca amisiweyo izakhiwo zokwakha kunye nokwenziwa lwezakhiwo. abameli balo ebalaseleyo baba Rastrelli, Ukhtomsky, Zemtsov.