Yintoni platinum negolide emhlophe?

Indlela abafazi abaninzi, ulinganisa kwenye uhombiso ngomnwe, uyazi into etsala kubo shimmer buthuntu ye platinum - iindaba ezivela emajukujukwini? Ugqithe ngayiphi na indlela metal elixabisekileyo phambi kokuba bamxhase abathanda ubuhle ubomi obutofotofo? Makhe sithethe ngembali iimpawu ezimangalisayo ye platinum, elisuke laba ngumthombo wempembelelo of bejewellery edume ezifana Cartier, Faberge kunye Tiffany.

Insimbi emihle okanye anqabileyo

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iintsimbi ezahlukileyo. Kaninzi siyeva ayoni, nonferrous kunye anqabileyo. Le yokugqibela zibandakanya izinto ezisibhozo - igolide, isilivere, platinum, mbala, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium kunye osmium. Bona musa oxidize abanganyangekiyo neempembelelo zokusingqongileyo, yiba ductility kunye lula zibe aluminium. Kodwa asingabo bonke bephela akhuselekile abantu.

Ngokuba ukusetyenziswa lemveliso kuphela igolide nezacholo, nesilivere, palladium kunye platinum, ziziphi ezine yeyona kuyabiza. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zimbiwa akuvamanga kusetyenziswa uhlobo yayo enyulu. ingqalelo kule owuthandayo lwemveliso inokufunyanwa ngokujonga isampuli. Siza kuqonda ukuba loo platinum uphawu 950 °. Oku kuthetha ukuba 1 kg akhawunti ingxubevange izihombiso ngenxa 950 grams intsimbi anqabileyo, abanye - macandelo alloying. Platinum - i eside kakhulu izacholo metal. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle alloying aluminiyamu naye akayi kwahluka ihlala phezulu.

Platinum okanye igolide emhlophe?

Ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukuva ukuba platinum - nto igolide emhlophe. Oku akunjalo. ukwakhiwa kwawo kunye neepropati ezahlukileyo. Iimpendulo kwimibuzo malunga nokuba yintoni na platinum negolide emhlophe. Ukuze wenze oku, khangela etafileni ngamaxesha athile. Reference yesi 078 yi elementi Pt. Ngoku ke kucacile ukuba platinum ezinjalo, - i-metal ngohlobo ecocekileyo. A igolide emhlophe - ubucwebe iqhinga xa ngokuthi kongezwe zesilivere, nickel kunye nezinye ubumdaka wamangalela ebengezelayo. kwimilinganiselo yakhe ephezulu - 750.

Noko ke, ngenxa ukuthandwa zegolide emhlophe, iimveliso platinum baye bafumana abalandeli kwaye emva nakwifashoni. Kwaye nangona ayabiza kakhulu ngakumbi, lo ubulukhuni wentsimbi kwenza kube abalungele amakhonkco yokubonisana nezacholo ngamatye, iyahlala kuxhomekeke ukuthembeka sondo. Hi ndlela leyi, enye inzuzo platinum kukuba ingabangeli ngumzimba, njengoko edla ngokwenzeka ezimhlophe ngegolide ngenxa amacandelo ezongezelelweyo.

Konke oku kungentla, Kakade, oko kuchaphazela iindleko, kodwa onefuthe iphambili amaxabiso into yindlela kwimveliso.

Imbali komhlaba kunye amatye anqabileyo

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, izazinzulu waseJamani ukuze ufumane inxalenye Pt (078) awe esibhakabhakeni, cinga ngoko platinum yaye kwathi njani ehlabathini. Ngokutsho abaphandi ukusuka University of Mainz, iplanethi yethu kwakungekho iimeko zendalo ukuze kwakhiwe yesinyithi. Ukuba layo Umhlaba, bamele babe core etyhidiweyo, kunokuba kwi uqweqwe eliphezulu.

Yemvelo Gerhardt Schmidt ikholelwa ukuba iintsimbi zasiwa kuthi malunga eziibhiliyoni ezi-4 zeminyaka eyadlulayo, xa Umhlaba wahlaselwa awe esibhakabhakeni, ezibandakanya yentsimbi. It ingxelo evela isithunywa sasezulwini kakhulu, esisityebi platinum, yawayo Umhlaba malunga 2 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, ukuze kwakhiwe ezintsimbini emhlabeni ngo inani ekhoyo wathabatha umlinganiselo 160 imizimba yasezulwini malunga 20 km ubukhulu.

Kunokwenziwa isigqibo ukuba icebo kakuhle. Kungenxa yale ixabiso ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye kwandisa kuphela.

Exploration nokuveliswa platinum

deposit Platinum ekrwada umiselwa ematyeni iqhotyoshelweyo. Oku kwenzeka kokubini ngendlela esulungekileyo okanye iikhompawundi ezifana ne-nickel okanye igolide. ore Ukwakheka zombini zomthonyama kunye ibhola ndawonye nobambe ibhola. Le yokugqibela osindayo ngakumbi imigodi. ERashiya, ngethuba kuvulwa umsebenzi placers yesinyithi ingqalelo hellish, kodwa kwakhawuleza yasungulwa ufakelo umatshini wokuqala.

Nangona namhlanje uphuhliso lwezixhobo yedeskthopi elula, kunjalo, platinum imali eninzi ukuvelisa. Ukulawula ounce omnye (malunga 31 grams) eziyimfuneko ukuze sikwazi ukusiphumeza ngaphezu kweetoni 10 ore ekrwada.

Amazwe eziphambili apho ukufunyanwa iidipozithi enkulu platinum yoMzantsi Afrika. Ikhupha malunga 151 iitoni ngentsimbi ngonyaka ngamnye. Indawo yesibini kuyinto Russia, leyo uvelisa malunga 26 neetoni platinum. Ilandelwa yi Zimbabwe, eUnited States naseKhanada, ukuvelisa iitoni 9 ukuya ku-5 ngonyaka ngamnye. Platinum nayo kwilizwe yaseJapan, Australia ne Colombia. Ubukhulu becala, phantse kuwo onke amazwe, kodwa kukho isikali mveliso ukuvelisa oko akwenzi ngqiqo.

Kazi phambene na nelaye lasisiseko ezimbili ezinkulu platinum bempilo ehlabathini. ubunzima lwabo - 5918,4 no 7860,5 g Ngoku siza ukuqonda oko platinum na. inokufumaneka iifoto imveliso olu kweli nqaku.

impucuko yamandulo kunye nokusetyenziswa platinum

Iimveliso zokuqala ukusuka igolide kunye nentwana ye platinum Abaphengululi banamhlanje abayifumeneyo kumangcwaba baseYiputa ezisukela malunga 1200 ngonyaka BC. e. Amacwecwe Amaxwebhu kunye yakhona baseYiputa, kuba ngokupheleleyo owenziwe le metal anqabileyo, kukho malunga 700 BC. e. Xa impucuko South American Inca nezinto lwesithethe zenziwa kwi kokubini omthubi kunye intsimbi emhlophe.

ukufunyanwa nelishwa - hayi negolide hayi isiliva

Nolwazi intsimbi eliyinjubaqa abamhlophe kwenzeka ngo-1590 eMzantsi Merika. Yintoni platinum ngelo xesha? Kuphela "igolide abolileyo." Le conquistadors Spanish itshiselwa edaniswe okufunyanisiweyo ukuba igama elithi "serebretsom". Ukufumana ipleyiti nombala e placers zegolide, bafumana ukuba platinum - yinto engcolileyo leyo, Yimbuqo isilungiseleli seglosi imveliso kunye neze ezifanelekileyo kwakungenxa yobumbaxa yokujongwa ukungcolisa. Ndaza ke ndabiza kuyo - Plata, gama elo elithetha "siliva", ekhula nesinciphiso isiphelo ina. Xa ezandleni boyisa kwamazwe ezintsha kuza lonke platinum, babaphosa nje saliphosa elwandle.

Ububi of Europe

Ngowe-1700, umba isilivere eyafunyanwa kufuphi nonxweme Europe. Waba yinto isifundo kweyezazi ababefuna ukuqonda oko platinum. Baye ukwenza imifuniselo, ukuzama ukufumanisa iimpawu zayo luwuphendule ngegolide. Ngowe-1751 isazinzulu Swedish Theophil Scheffer (Theophil Scheffer) yazichonga platinum metal yinzwakazi. Kwaye ngo 1780 ukumkani eFransi , Louis XVI wathi kuye njengoko bujolise kuphela Royals.

othengisa wakhe uMarko Eten noJeanette (Marko Etienne Janety) yenziwe platinum ubunewunewu ezimbalwa nanto, kuquka isitya yeswekile omhle onepateni ezintsonkothileyo. Ngowe-1788, Francisco Alonso wadala ngokomyalelo Spanish uKumkani Carlos III isiphatho ukuphakama-30 cm, eyenzelwe njengesipho ukuya Pope. Oku kwenziwe imibulelo ukuba ezifunyaniswe kwi platinum okuphawulekayo Pera Fransua Shabole noYosefu Lui Prusta. Ngoko ke French ezifakwe kwi Spain Luxury leminyaka. enkcochoyini yaso i-Platinum Suite Arganeze, emnyango evulekileyo kuwo wonke umntu, yaye imihla yethu.

Kodwa ke inyaniso engenakuphikiswa kokoyiswa laseYurophu ensimbi gray ukusebenzisa kwayo ekudalweni kwemigangatho yenkqubo yokulinganisa. Ngowe-1799, Mark Eten uJeanette, owathi emva French Revolution ngasekhohlo eParis, wamenywa ukuba ukudala imitha platinum kunye ngekhilogram. Nanamhla oku, bagcinwa kwi-International Bureau of nobuNzima Measures.

Platinum Ubutyebi Russia

Ubhaqo ekrwada ibiza eRashiya, kwi Urals, waba kakhulu kamva - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Ngelo xesha, platinum sele yoyiswa eYurophu njengento metal "basebukhosini '. iidipozithi awo kwi imihlaba sodidi Demidov owathi, ngenxa ubutyebi bayo, sele uthathwa ukuba iinkosi imfihlelo bukhosi. "Discoverer" iidipozithi baba ngamakhoboka Yefim Kopylov kunye Yemelyan Rostigaev.

Placers iinkozo ezinkulu ezimbiwa zagutyungelwa olova kuphela wangaphezulu. Emva kwexesha elifutshane ixesha amawaka ngamakhoboka Demidov kaThixo wabulaleka kwi "poddernikah" ngesandla ukuqhubekekiswa 40 iitoni kweentlobo platinum. Kuthiwa ukuba likhulu ugxekwa geni nezinobunzima 9 kg, kodwa akukho bungqina oluthembekileyo oku.

Platinum ukho ezandleni bejewellery

Ngoko ke, yi ekupheleni platinum ngenkulungwane XIX - a metal ziingcungcu, ekhwela Olympus ngenxa nokunqaba alo ukuxhathisa uxinezeleko ngoomatshini. Itsala abathanda glitz ubukhazikhazi kwakhona ngenxa yokusetyenziswa ezihlambulukileyo - namhlanje 950-th isampula.

Eyona ekukhuthazeni ephambili platinum kwihlabathi izacholo yi Louis-Fransua Karte, umseki nkampani edume Cartier. Kokukuqwalasela oku kukho izinto ebalulekileyo kunye amathuba amakhulukazi, ngenxa bungqingqwa nokuthembeka. Umfanekiso adumileyo Panthers, wadalwa phantsi kwempefumlelo kothando Zhanne Universal, ezenziwe platinum ngesafire kunye nedayimani.

Noko ke, asinguye kuphela kakhulu iingenelo impahla yesilivere. main nowethu Its ngelo xesha Carl Faberge, naye wasebenzisa platinum kwiimveliso copyright. Enyanisweni, abaninzi amalungiselelo iintyatyambo kunye mibala ezilwanyana ukubolekwa Lui Karte waba Faberge.

Nomdla platinum yonke landa, efikelela incopho ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, kwaye kwawo de Second World War. A lot yalo impumelelo negalelo Royals kunye 'iinkwenkwezi' of Hollywood.

"Platinum" isifo blondes platinum

E Melika ngo-1930 ukuze abantu abaqhelekileyo kuthetha ixhala nokuxakaniseka zibangelwa yi-Great Depression, waba bhanyabhanya. Kwi izikrini ngaphandle amakhulu iiteyiphu malunga izityebi musa ukuba thazeka kunye namaqabane abo. I icon ye xesha Dzhin Harlou, likhanya movie Frank iCapra kaThixo 'Platinum Blonde'. ubuhle Bright, obutofotofo yaye kumnandi, wawangawangisa sengqondo ukukhanya kubomi, babhaptizwa amadoda kwanabafazi. Dzhin Harlou, kwakunye nezinye actress Hollywood, idala indlela entsha chic. kwi lakhe njalo baba idayimani, umise platinum. Kwaye ke kaloku akugqiba kwebala kumfanekiso - nendlela umbala iinwele. Ntoni? Kakade ke, platinum.

Kwathabatha ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, yaye sibona imbuyekezo uthando ngenxa yale metal anqabileyo. Ihlabathi kufuneka ubuhle, ekulungisweni elide. Kaloku sonke siyazi ukuba platinum. Imifanekiso nqaku sibonisa iziyolo kunye inkangeleko enomtsalane yale metal anqabileyo.