Isalfure (Isalfure lat.) - into nonmetal. Le S isimboli imichiza, inani lothotho kwi lwezakhi - 16 Valence sulphur Kwabekwa kokuba ukufunda isakhiwo atom. ixabiso layo uzimisele isekelwe kwiipropati ababambeleyo, ukutsala okanye aqhoboshela inombolo kwezinye athom okanye amaqela. Kamva, abaphengululi bafumana indima amasuntswana kakubi ebizwayo (electron) xa kuthe ibhondi wemichiza.
Valence of nesalfure: leyo atom ethile kuchaphazela ixabiso layo?
Kakhulu kwemichiza element eqhelekileyo eMhlabeni kwindawo ye-16. Oku kwenzeka ngendlela ziikristale oqaqambileyo mthubi okanye umgubo ematyeni kufutshane mlilo kunye baphola. Imichiza yendalo elaziwa - sulphide kunye sulphates.
Iimpawu ebese kwezinto:
- nonmetal olomeleleyo.
- Ngu electronegativity (EO) okanye ukukwazi ukutsala izivuno electron sulphur kuphela fluorine, ioksijini, initrogen, chlorine kunye bromine.
- Idityaniswe isinyithi kunye nonmetals, ezilula kunye nemixube ezintsonkothileyo.
Umahluko izinto zobumnini zixhomekeke kubume imo-atom, umahluko kwi amaxabiso of EO. Makhe sibone oko abe Valence of iikhompawundi sulphur. ukuziphatha yemizimba yethu ixhomekeke isakhiwo iimvulophu amandla, inani nokulungiselela electron zangaphezulu kwi-atom.
Kutheni valency into eyahlukileyo?
izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo Esitalini ngayo sulphur yendalo kunye neenombolo mass of 32 (ixhaphakileyo), 33, 34 no 36. Indawo nganye kwezi kweenyuklayidi atom 16 iqulethe protons kakuhle ityala. Kwisithuba kufutshane ngumongo ukuhamba ngesantya olukhulu electron 16. Ba ngamabona ezincinane, kakubi ityala. Ngaphantsi ababetsaleleke ngumongo (looser) 6 amasuntswana lwangaphandle. Eziliqela okanye bonke ababandakanyekayo ukusekwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo gqithisela. Ngokutsho concepts mihla Valence ngayo sulphur kuxhomekeke inani ngababini eqhelekileyo (lib) electron wadala. Ngokuqhelekileyo imifanekiso amasuntswana yangaphandle abathatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo, amelwe ingongoma ezijikeleze isimboli imichiza.
Njengoko Valence ixhomekeke isakhiwo atom?
Ngenxa ukwakheka ukubonisa amanqanaba kunye sublevels (s, p, d) usebenzisa lo mzobo amandla apho Valence ngayo sulphur na formula zixhomekeke. iintolo ezimbini oppositely ngqo Abonakalisa bafundelane ngezibini, omnye - electron unpaired. I yangaphandle sulphur isithuba atom orbitals uhlobo amasuntswana 6 no-8 kuyimfuneko ukwenzela uzinzo kolawulo octet. Valence shell uqwalaselo ibonisa 3s23p4 ifomula. Elektroni maleko engagqitywanga kufuneka ube elikhulu amandla, nto leyo ebangela imeko engazinzanga ye atom. Ukwenzela ukuphumeza uzinzo lwe-atom sulphur kufuna amasuntswana ezimbi ezongezelelweyo ezimbini. Angafumaneka ngexesha ukuyilwa imixokelelwane covalent kunye nezinye izinto okanye ngenxa kukufakwa elektroni ezimbini free. Kulo mzekelo, nesulfure i Valence II (-). Ixabiso efanayo zingafumaneka usebenzisa ifomula: 8 - 2 = 6, apho 6 - inani iqela apho element.
Apho kukho iikhompawundi apho Valence ngayo sulphur yi II (-)?
Isiqalelo itsala okanye ngokupheleleyo kuthatha electron evela atom ezinexabiso eliphantsi electronegativity ngokutsho Pauling isikali. Valency II (-) kuboniswa sulfides lwesinyithi kunye nonmetals. Iqela olunzulu iikhompawundi ezifana ifumaneka ukwakhiwa zamatye kunye neeminerali zibaluleke kakhulu pfunaka. Ezi ziquka pyrite (FES), sphalerite (ZnS), galena (PbS), kunye nezinye izinto. ziikristale intsimbi emanzini abe umbala omhle tan kunye ngobuhle. "LweziDenge ku-Gold" yezimbiwa pyrite udla ngokuba. Kuba isinyithi ezivela ores zabo bemka calcining okanye unciphiso. Emanzini H2S unawo izakhiwo ezifanayo ngekhompyutha, ezifana namanzi. Imvelaphi H2S:
- ekhululwa ngexesha kuwohloka iiprothini (umz, amaqanda chicken);
- It batsho kunye neegesi mlilo;
- It oluhlala emanzini zendalo, neoli;
- ekhutshelwa kwi-mgodini kwi kolu qweqwe lomhlaba.
Kutheni le valent ifomula sulphur oxide SO2?
Formula dioxide libonisa ukuba enye sulphur atom kwi zinemoletyhule yesondo athom ezimbini oksijini, nganye kufuneka ibe 2 ukuya octet electron. Iqhina eliphuma ngemvelo a covalent polar (EO ioksijini ngaphezulu). Le Valence ngayo sulphur kule ezimbaxa sele ixabiso IV (+), ngenxa yokuba electron sulphur atom 4 asuswa ukuya athom ezimbini oksijini. Ifomula angabhalwa ngolu hlobo: S2O4, kodwa ngokutsho imithetho kufuneka incitshiswe nge 2. dioxide xa unyityilikiswa manzi ion acid kabi ababuthathaka. iityuwa zayo - sulphites - strong nokunciphisa arhente. igesi SO2 yi eliphakathi kwi ukuveliswa kwe-sulphuric acid.
Isalfure izinto ebonisa Valence yayo ephezulu?
Oksayidi okanye SO3 S2O6 - ulwelo ezingenambala kwiqondo lobushushu ngezantsi-17 ° C, iqina. Xa elibona SO3 na Valence ioksijini II (-), kunye VI (+) nesalfure. oxide ephakamileyo enyibilikayo emanzini kwaye yenza a sulphuric acid enamandla dibasic. Ngokuba indima enkulu kwinkqubo yemveliso kwento ebizwa ngokuba 'isonka kushishino kwemichiza le. " indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho kunye namayeza loluka iityuwa asidi - sulphates. Sebenzisa calcium hydrated (gypsum), sodium (ityuwa Glauber kaThixo), nemagnesium (IsiNgesi okanye netyuwa ekrakra).
Ukuqulunqwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo chemical nisondelelane bangathabatha inxaxheba 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, electron yangaphandle. Esiyibiza Valence isalfure kunokwenzeka, banikwe ukuba kukho olune enqabileyo ukutshabalala: I (-), II (-), II (+), III (+), IV (+), VI (+). A Valence element yesibini HIV uzuza monoxide SO. Ixabiso iqhelekileyo II (-), IV (+), VI (+) ibonisa sulphur kuhlanganiselo iqela kwezinto njengabaluleke mveliso, ezolimo kunye zonyango. zithako yayo asetyenziswa ekwenziweni umlilo.
Ingxaki enkulu ke kuthinjwe iigesi inkunkuma, kubandakanywa yonzakalisa abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo ngayo sulphur oxides IV (+), VI (+ ) kunye emanzini. Ibigubungela nobuchwepheshe ukuba ukusebenza kwezi gesi inkunkuma kunye nokufumana kwabo sulfates acid sulphuric. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwiiplanti zeekhemikali zimiselwe kufutshane ematyeni zentsimbi okanye kwindawo enye. Ngenxa yoko, imali yongcoliseko lifinyele, kukho ngaphantsi "sulphuric imvula acid."