Yintoni na umculo opera, okanye iihambo ezimfutshane opera

Ngokufuthi opera ngumphulaphuli ongenamava ezinxulumene umculo sicula elikhulu, ngeliphandle, kunzima ukuqonda itekisi. Njengoko umthetho, abaphulaphuli ebeyithanda lo mdlalo, ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na busengozini. Kodwa bambalwa ukuba lo mbono nzulu kakhulu. Yintoni opera? Xa umculo, eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela iintlobo ngeentlobo ezinxulumene indima ezizodwa somculo yokusebenza.

History of opera

Opera njenge uhlobo wazalelwa eItali emva kwinkulungwane elinesihlanu. Yaba yinxalenye zomsebenzi kumabala emidlalo kwimixholo yonqulo, umculo yayidlala indima yesibini. Kamva, kwakukho iingoma fundise iculwa becala ngazwinye, yaye wenza ngo yimveliso, ehamba amagcisa amanyathelo. Anamakhulu kuphela iminyaka zemiboniso baye baqala ukusebenzisa imisebenzi uqhabalake wedwa - kucingwa ukuzalwa uhlobo, ebizwa ngokuba "opera musical".

Uphuhliso opera

Ekuqaleni abaqambi babekhetha kubizwa uhlobo elitsha apho babesebenza, umdlalo weqonga zomculo, kodwa elithi "opera" ivele ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Yokubonela yokuqala, ukusebenza kule uhlobo wabonakala kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane elinesixhenxe, ubugcisa onamava yaseVenice. -High olusuka amagosa kuphela sibe ukuya kule baphulaphuli izimvo. Opera umculo kungekudala kakhulu, waya phesheya imida eItali, ezifikelela uninzi amazwe aseYurophu. Ngokuba kangangesiqingatha senkulungwane uvule amaqonga asixhenxe, nokuqeshe malunga amane abaqambi.

opera Russian

Russia ayifundelwa into entsha kabuhlungu kakhulu yaye ngokukhawuleza okukhulu. Yintoni na umculo opera, kwinkundla uKumkanikazi uAnny Ioannovny eyaziwayo kuphela kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo, xa ilizwe watyelelwa abadlali Italian. umsebenzi eRashiya yokuqala olu hlobo loncwadi ( "Amandla of Love and Inzondo") iguqulelwe kwi isiFrentshi. iminyaka engamashumi olisebenzisileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba opera Russian-ulwimi olubhaliweyo.

opera kuhulumeni

UMikhail Glinka - ngokungathandabuzekiyo umqambi okuqaqambileyo owenze okuninzi sokuphuhlisa umculo eRashiya. Wenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuba ukubonisa imisebenzi yabo inkangeleko yesizwe, bonisa umphefumlo wabantu Russian. opera Glinka yabonakala e-Italy, apho wayefunda umculo, kodwa amagama abo ( "Ivan Susanin", "Ruslan kunye Lyudmila") lucebisa ukuba umqambi kuyo nayiphi na imeko akazange afune ukunikezela iingcambu zabo. Yintoni akumangalisi kukuba Glinka wathabatha inxaxheba ebhaliweyo yalowo mdlalo, waye wayengoyiki umngeni izimiso, ukutshintsha isimo imisebenzi yakhe, wayengoyiki ukuba kunjani ukuba umculo wabo. Wasebenzisa izixhobo ezintsha oku ifumaneka kuphela yimveliso zaseYurophu. Glinka waba umthombo yashukumisa abaqambi abaziwayo ezifana Berlioz kunye Weber, kamva nono imibono Wagner.

continuator

Emva kokuba impumelelo opera Glinka sele engasekho yayibonakala ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu yohlobo Russian. Abaninzi bomculo abadumile baye bazama esandleni sabo olu hlobo enzima, kungekho ngaphandle, yaye Rimsky-Korsakov. Opera le mvumi waziva umlingo, ebizwa mabali yena kuye. Isizathu sokuba ubhedu enjalo yaba italente emangalisayo njengemvumi, ngubani ukudala umoya emangalisayo sengqiqweni imisebenzi yakhe. Kodwa kungekudala kakhulu ke wabonisa ukuba unako nje kuphela zokusingatha ngayo iintsomi. Opera "onjengokaMozart Salieri" wabonisa uphuhliso ngamnye, nohlobo ziphikisana abalinganiswa, nehlazo iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo zabalinganiswa. Kubonakala ngathi, Rimsky-Korsakov engunozala weRashiya wajika ingcamango yokuba opera umculo, ukudala imisebenzi ezizodwa elinesihlanu, eyangena imbali yezobugcisa yehlabathi.

opera ibinzana

Uhlobo Opera Akumangalisi ukuba kudibanisa imiba lwedrama zakudala kumabala emidlalo kunye komnyhadala, ngokufuthi zimelwe ballet, apho ezidityaniswe umculo emangalisayo kwi force akukho vocals ngaphantsi umxhelo. Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso-opera ngaphandle kwiindawo. Bendlela - iyafana naleyo kumsebenzi omnye lyrical. Inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba hero unako ukuyivula iingcamango neemvakalelo zakhe, ukubalisa isimo sabo ukuba kwenzeka ntoni. Igama elithi "bendlela" evela kwi "impefumlo" Italian, oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba ibinzana zomculo lonke iculwa mnye umoya. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba le ndlela unika umdlalo kwenzeka eqongeni. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye ezininzi kwiindawo sele ingasekho ngaphaya isikali umboniso wokubonelwa. Umzekelo, i-bendlela ukusuka opera "Carmen" kwi analogu Russian le ngxelo eqalela la mazwi athi "uthando ngathi amaphiko iintaka", eyaziwa hayi kuphela abathandi zobugcisa, kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo ezaziwayo-kakuhle loo maqhosha umculo, njengoko bendlela ukusuka 'Ukuhlanganiswa Figaro "(ibinzana apho" Figaro apha, Figaro apho "iye yaba yokulwa), okanye" Iintliziyo ubuhle lidla ukuba ukutshintsha' ukusuka 'Rigoletto ".

isiphelo

Opera - omnye kakhulu isimanga ephikisayo zomculo. Kwelinye icala, akunakwenzeka ukuba babubone udibaniso ogqibeleleyo sebali sedrama, umculo, amazwi enamandla kwanobuhle emangalisayo. Kodwa kwelinye icala, ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ngumphulaphuli ngequbuliso. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuhlawula irhafu: ehlabathini ayikho enye uhlobo, ngoko kwenza edibanisa zonke izinto ezo wayeyixabisa yokubonela. Yintoni i -opera lomculo? Lo ziyindlela olungenasiphelo iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo, ambethe isandi, kungona inqanaba ekufundeni umqambi, owaba nako ukuthatha inxaxheba emsebenzini wakhe ehlabathini lonke, ebonisa iinkcukacha yayo incinane isandi izixhobo zomculo. Akukho uhlobo, elilinganayo opera wayo umthamo kunye nexesha elide, nto ke leyo ebangele nto ifanelwe sibe kunye nentlonipho abaphulaphuli.