Yintoni na udonga lokubiyela

Nodonga - esi sakhiwo, injongo ephambili yazo ukuze ulawule sliding okanye ukuwa uluhlu emhlabeni, ibekwe phezu kumathambeka. Ngamanye amazwi, le nto ngathi isakhiwo ekukhonzeni njengelungu inkxaso. E. It akavumi izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ibekwe kwi-moya liyayithanda umhlaba ngaphantsi kwabo bawe okanye folokohlo phantsi kwempembelelo ubunzima bayo womxhuzulane.

udonga lokubiyela uyakwazi ukwenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• ekunqandeni umhlaba sliding;
• umbutho ophezulu ngokulima;
• qoqosho ukusetyenziswa kwezi ndawo komhlaba;
• ukwahlulwa intsimi zayimimandla.

Kwilizwe ezifana ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo inkxaso ayakhayo kwiindawo kunye notshintsho ephakamileyo enkulu. E. In nasezindulini, kumathambeka kunye nemiwonyo. Kodwa iindonga kwakhona lokugcina ziye zasetyenziswa ngendlela iziqalelo zobugcisa yokuhombisa loyilo landscape. Ukusuka apha ungakhetha ukushiyana yokuqala ezinjalo izakhiwo ngokusekelwe injongo yabo ezisebenzayo.

• Zokuhombisa. Naluphi na udonga olubiyeleyo yale hlobo na umsebenzi lweziqalelo zokwakha kunye nokuhombisa. Asetyenziswe ngayo kuyilo landscape nokuba kwimimandla flat.
• Ukuqinisa. Olu hlobo zezakhiwo ezisetyenziswa ukubamba umhlaba kumathambeka ezahlukeneyo. ngokubanzi asetyenziswe ngayo ngokulima ukwandisa isithuba ophilayo. La maziko kufuneka kwakhiwe PI ithambeka ye-8%.
• Luhlangene. Olu hlobo kwezakhiwo kwaye enze bokuhombisa, kunye nemisebenzi okubuyisela.

Nodonga - nto kakhulu isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. amalungu zezi:

• kwesakhiwo (inxalenye komhlaba yodonga);
• (Inxalenye kwakufa isakhiwo) umzimba;
• lokulawula amanzi kunye nokutsalwa.

Ukwakhiwa nokugcina iindonga - ngumsebenzi onzima kunye noxanduva. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa kuyilo. Kweli nqanaba onke yokusebenza ebalwe ngamacebo elizayo. Ngoko ke, ukubala sithabathela ingqalelo ubunzima bayo, umthwalo ezifunyanwa izinto ibekwe phezu kwayo, uxinzelelo umhlaba emzimbeni kunye neendonga isiseko, amanzi abetheka phantsi izantyalantyala zemvula nezikhukula, ifuthe umoya, iqabaka somfana phantsi.

iimpawu amandla - lo ngumba obaluleke kakhulu xa kusakhiwa iindonga. Kodwa akukho ngokubaluleka ngaphantsi kufuneka inikwe uzinzo. Kuba ezi iinjongo zokwakha enza imisebenzi, esibe ezingeni yoyilo lo:

• eyakha ubuso diff tapering iindonga ngayo backfill;
• ukwandisa lirhabaxa ukuthoba ngasemva uxinzelelo umhlaba phezu kwalo;
• isixhobo esidi inkqubo;
• ngokwakha Buze ukusuka phambi kodonga.

Iintlobo iindonga nokugcina

Kuba technology yokwakha:

• Monolithic.
• Olwalusele.

Ngokubekwa nobunzulu:

• nzulu (ububanzi eludongeni eyogqitha okanye ngaphantsi kwe ubunzulu ngokubekwa);
• eziseko nzulu (wall nobubanzi 1.5 okanye ngaphezulu ngaphantsi kwe ubunzulu).

ubude:

• ephantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-1 meter);
• eliphakathi (1-2 meters);
• phezulu (meters ngaphezulu kwama-2).

Ngokutsho massiveness:

• Zikawonke wonke. Olu hlobo a iindonga eziphathekayo-ezigcinwayo, kwakunye ixesha. Le uzinzo roller uchebe siyifumana ubunzima bayo.
• Polumassivnye. Ukuzinza olu hlobo lokwakha kuyafikelelwa yi ubunzima isakhiwo ngokwaso, kwakunye ubunzima lomhlaba backfill.
• Tonkoelementnye. Olu hlobo nasekugcineni iindonga zidla ezakhiwe iibhulorho lwesamente. Ukuze kubekho uzinzo kulo mzekelo ekwafanekisa emhlabeni ngokugcwalisa.
• Thin. Ukuzinza olu hlobo kweendonga ibonelelwa ngozipho isiseko emhlabeni.

Ngu Indawo:

• integrated (ezinxulumene nezakhiwo abakufutshane);
• izimele (stand-alone computers).

Le nkcazelo ngawo:

• Yokugcina Udonga eziphathekayo. Uyilo olu hlobo yenye yezona izinzile. Kuba ekwakhiweni kwayo imingxunya zokwakha formwork kunye nokutsalwa efunekayo.
• Stone. Xa ukuyilwa udonga olunjalo amalungiselelo ayimfuneko lesiseko lwesamente sabhambathisa ngezantsi qhwa. Kwakhona umzimba Ekungeneni yoyilo ephumayo ogqityiweyo ukuba azole ukuhlisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluza kubonelelwa.
• Wood. Kunye nokwakhiwa inkqubo yemibhobho ehambisa udonga lokubiyela kufuneka lubonelelwe. Zonke izinto oqingqiweyo ka ukwakhiwa kufuneka ziphathwe kubola.
• Brick. technology Ulwakhiwo uyafana ukuba ukwakhiwa kweendonga ezama ngamatye.
• Metal. Yokugcina Udonga olu hlobo efanelekileyo kuphela kwimihlaba ezizinzileyo. Bokwakha kufuneka ibe isiseko eziphathekayo ukuze komelezwe isakhiwo.
• Nodonga iibhloko zokwakha. Ukwakha ubuchwepheshe iyafana kwimeko izakhiwo ngamatye.
• Nodonga geogrid. Olu hlobo lokwakha kunokusinceda kumathambeka nkqo. iimodyuli geogrids ukuba amaqhina oqhagamshelwano yi ezityiwa eziqhelekileyo.
• Nodonga kokutheth-. Le nto iye ubunzima eqinileyo ikuvumela ukudala ukwakhiwa ngokwaneleyo izinzile. Walling usebenzisa neegabions kungenziwa unyaka wonke. Kwakhona kule meko akukho mfuneko pre-ukulungiselela isiseko okanye esisiseko.
• Yokugcina nodonga iibhloko eziphathekayo. isakhiwo zokwakhiwa kwenziwa kakhulu lula. Ukwakhiwa udonga lubonisa yayibhekisela ramming isiseko kunye backfill ingqushu.