Yintoni Melancholia? Meaning, ntonye kunye neendidi ukudangala

igama Melanncholia azihli Greek (chole - inyongo, mélas - black). Melancholia kukho ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo uhlobo, ekhatshwa isimo odandathekileyo. Ngaphambili ke wabiza kukudakumba.

A incinane

Xa igama elithi "ukudangala" wabonakala kuqala? Meaning, njengokuba kuthiwe, oko kumiselwa iingcambu zamaGrike. Inkcazelo yokuqala karhulumente ifumaneka kaHomer kwi "Iliad", osixelela neyokudinga ka Bellerophon Aleisk endle. Pifagor Samossky wanika iingcebiso phezu zisenzeka ngokudandatheka. Ngokukodwa, kwiincwadi zakhe, wathi ebudeni kufanelekile ngumsindo okanye lusizi kufuneka babe kude nabantu, eshiywe yedwa, "isisu 'novelwano, weza umoya. KaPythagoras waba umculo unyango lokuqala emiselweyo. Esithokothokweni, wabakhuthaza ukuba iiyure ukuphulaphula umculo - neengoma uHesiod. Democritus Ziyacetyiswa izikolo ukuba ukuhlalutya ubomi babo ukucinga ihlabathi, xa indoda yeza ukudangala (ntonye - ukudakumba, ukudakumba, ukudakumba). Ngeli ixesha elide nokuzimisela karhulumente ecacileyo wayengekho.

Ngubani kuqala wanika kwenkcazo?

Okokuqala ndazama ukucacisa into ukudangala, noHippocrates. Xa imisebenzi yakhe, kukho imiba emibini apho wazama ukucacisa le meko. Okokuqala, noHippocrates ebizwa ngento melancholic ngomnye wabantu emzimbeni leyo iye efunde okuninzi inyongo.

Ngokutsho kwakhe, abantu badla kwimeko enjalo oluntu kwaye uphephe ukukhanya, njalo wabona caricatures ingozi. Ukongeza, aba bantu basoloko akhalaza malunga neentlungu esiswini, "ngokungathi sele waphoswa oluninzi neenaliti." Ukuxambulisana malunga yintoni ukudangala, noHippocrates linxibelelene kokugula ixesha elide le meko. Kwakhona wachaza ezinye iimpawu: sokulibala, Ukwehluleka ukutya, ixhala, ukuba nochuku. Kufuneka wathi: kwingcinga yokuba imibandela ayeke ukuba afumaneka ebuchotsheni, ababengaphambi phambili ngakumbi noHippocrates. Kodwa yena wabhala ukuba zonke izikhalazo kunye izikhalazo ehleli entloko. Ivela kulo mntu ephambana, babugubungela uloyiko okanye ixhala.

Njengoko umntu wakhankanya umba isebenza melanncholia?

Into yokuba ukudangala enjalo, baphikisana yi zobulumko ezininzi. Umzekelo, kwiincwadi zakhe, uAristotle wabuza lo mbuzo: "Kutheni abantu kukhanya kulawulo loluntu okanye imisebenzi, ukuba esibonakala ahlale rhoqo ndidandathekile?" Abanye nesifo senyongo (uMofokeng umzekelo). Yena kwakukholelwa ukuba ababephila, ukuba melancholic, yaye egameni lamanyange ngokuba sisifo Herculean. Imibhalo zikaPlato kukho iingcaciso eziliqela ndidandatheka. Ukuxambulisana ukuba sobulumko ukudangala ezinjalo, wathetha kwimeko ethile mania. Kungathatha ngokohlobo ngokubhuda nangobumfama, ubushushu okanye inkuthazo kunye nemihlali. Kwimeko yokugqibela, uPlato wathetha 'alungise "ubushushu ukusuka yena zayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukudandatheka, ngokutsho kwakhe, wanikela iphefumlelwe kwimibongo walatha amancedo indoda ekwaziyo ukuhlala ukwimeko enjalo phezu kwabanye abantu, abaqhelekileyo, nto leyo uphawu nengqiqo ngemihla. UAvicenna wanikela inkcazelo zakhe ngoko ukudangala. Kwiincwadi zakhe, wathi yimeko ukuphepha ukuya sigulo, umonakalo, uloyiko. Ukumisela urhulumente abe phezu phithi rhoqo, phezu-iingcinga, umbono, wakhangela emhlabeni, okanye into nje enye. Njengophawu uAvicenna kwakhona ikhwelo ebusweni lonxunguphalo kunye ugwayi.

Ulwahlulo yanamhlanje ezimbi yengqondo

Esi sifo kwenzeka iminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, i kakhulu ukulimala ukuphazamiseka engqondweni abadala abantu abadala. Kulo ngezifo engabangela ukuba okanye hayi ibangela sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Xa amayeza ukwahlula saka kunye kwengqondo involutional. Kwimeko yokuqala, esi sifo ukuvela ngenxa yenkqubo embi ebuchotsheni. Oko kukhatshwa ephule ingqondo.

isifo involutional

Ezi ezimbi ziquka ukuphazamiseka loo nto ikhokelele sengqondo esixhalabisayo. Baya kuba negalelo kuphuhliso indawo yokugcina umntu okhethekileyo - kunye iimpawu ngqongqo, suspiciousness, ixhala. Njengoko ukunisa izinto enze phambi izifo somatic, iimeko ezibuhlungu. melancholia Involutional luphawulwa abafazi emva exesheni (utshintsho hormone emzimbeni). ixhala elide kunye nokudakumba bazikhohlisa okanye ixhala kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweminyaka eli-50-65.

unyango

ERoma yamandulo, ungenelelo kwezonyango yayiba nomkhuba. Nangona kunjalo, xa impilo lomguli ngenxa yobuthathaka kwale nkqubo contraindicated, ngoko elawulwa emetics. Isigulane Kukwacetyiswa kwakhona bezihlikihla umzimba uphela, laxatives. oogqirha yamandulo wazama isigulane ngexesha unyango ukuze bakhuthaze imimoya elungileyo. Enye yezona ndlela isebenzayo baba nodliwano-ndlebe ukudangala kwizihloko awayenomdla ngaphambili. UPatricia kwakhona kwenziwa kwi ngempumelelo ubuncinane indlela ukubatshabalalisa isifo - zokuzonwabisa bubuthongo nokuswela.

Terapevicheskie iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukusuka XVIII kwinkulungwane XX

E eJamani, ukudangala baphathwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Nomonde ebotshelelwe kweevili ezijikelezayo, ngokucinga ukuba amandla centrifugal uya kuphelisa i "umthwalo pood off emagxeni", "umthwalo isiciko ukusuka lomzimba." Kufuneka, ke, kunokuthiwa phambi kokuba kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini kunye abagulayo, ufumana ukuze yengqondo, musa ukuma kwi umsitho. Ngelo xesha ukuphelisa zezifo zengqondo baxomoloza iindlela ndikhohlakele: a ebambelele wesekethe, babatyabula, yindlala. Olu nyango, ingakumbi, sifunyenwe kwaye George Wesithathu. Xa ukumkani wawelwa frenzy phezu izindululo koogqirha best yaseYurophu ke zithe zathotyelwa phantsi ukuya kukubetha kakhulu. Ke ubeyekele kokuhlaselwa ukudangala, yesithathu Georg wafa.

Malunga-kwiikota ezintathu senkulungwane amayeza isicelo yonyango ngamanzi. Ukuphelisa uxinezeleko, isimo ekudambiseni waseKorinte isicelo ngokuntywiliselwa ngesiquphe emanzini abandayo de imiqondiso yokuqala ukutsarhwa nomonde. Ubude isixhaso isigulane kwiimeko ezinjalo wayelingana ixesha yaba yimfuneko ukulungiselela ukufunda hayi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ndumiso Miserere. Kwakhona wasebenzisa enye indlela ethandwa ngelo xesha: isigulane silele sokuhlambela ubhinqe, wawagalela phezu kwentloko yakhe emele amahlanu yamanzi abandayo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX eRashiya ukuba unyango wasebenzisa isicelo ngabona ukuya ezimpundu, bezihlikihla emetic intloko iwayini ukubola. Emiselweyo maqula eshushu ebusika, kwaye ehlotyeni - cool. Phambi kokuba isicelo ukuthandwa jikelele lakhula wasebenzisa iziyobisi. Ethandwa kakhulu baba umlaliso kunye opiates. La machiza asetyenziswa de gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

iindlela Modern zonyango

Ngokuqhelekileyo, anti-depressants ezimiselweyo ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa imo uxinezeleko. Bangabhalisa nodibaniso ngeedosi eliphantsi amachiza neuroleptic (Ngale ndlela, umzekelo, njengokuba "Etaperazin" "frenolona" "Sonapaks"). Eyona njongo iphambili ye unyango lonyango ukuze ndinciphise uxinezeleko, ukuphelisa uloyiko, ixhala, tremens. Ichiza emiselwe ngugqirha khona. Ngenxa kwawo of impatho enjalo, kwezinye iimeko zonyango electroconvulsive iyaboniswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isigulana ibekwe kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo.