Schizophrenia ngumntwana: Iimpawu, diagnosis and Treatment

Schizophrenia sisifo eqhelekileyo kakhulu. It unesifo kungekuphela abadala kodwa ebantwaneni. Yintoni ngumongo kwesi sifo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo akwaziwa ukuba abazali abaninzi. iingcali kuphela ziyayazi nohlobo sifo. Ngoko ke, schizophrenia umntwana, iimpawu, isifo kwaye afumane unyango lwesifo - sezihloko uphando ixabisa.

Schizophrenia: yombhalo kwekota, kwaye ukwanda kwesifo

Igama ngasentla libhekisela kwengqondo. Xa kukho kuvela iimpawu ngesifo: ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo ilimele. Ngaphambili, esi sifo kuthiwa ukugula ngengqondo, nobugeza, ukuba kukugeza. Ngowe-1896, Kraepelin waqala isicelo ingqiqo isifo of "praecox dementia". Kuphela ukusukela ngo-1911 baqalisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "schizophrenia" ngenxa E. Bleuler.

Schizophrenia, njengoko manani zibonisa, unale kungekho ngaphantsi kwe-1% abemi umhlaba wethu. Malunga nama-10% kule nombolo - ukuba abantwana. Bathi sifo kungenzeka iminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iingcali bohlulwa babe ngamaqela izifo:

• iintsana kwengqondo kunye epriskuli;
• ubudala schizophrenia isikolo;
• schizophrenia elivisayo.

Izizathu ngesifo ebantwaneni

Iimbono yeengcali wangoku ngoonobangela esi sifo ngokusekelwe ungumzekelo ukuthambekela ni ntshikilelo. Ngokuhambelana ngayo indima enkulu edlalwa yi yokusebenzisana izinto zokuzikhusela ukuthambekela noxinezeleko kwinkqubo yophuhliso. Sifuze ibandakanya:

• transfer gene, ngenxa apho umntwana kuhlaselwa sesi sifo;
• iinkqubo yezifo kwinkqubo luvo;
• nokungabikho iimeko eziyimfuneko ekufundeni.

Stressors - iziganeko ezandisa amathuba izifo asakhulayo afana ngesifo kwi umntwana. Iimpawu zidla ngokuvela ngenxa Ukufa kwesalamane. Imiba ezimbi iquka imithombo ntshikilelo ezigulo ezondeleyo. Umzekelo - inxeba-unyango yomntwana. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba sifuze akusoloko ukuphuhlisa schizophrenia. Esi sifo sivela xa sesichengeni engenamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuba xi izinto yaye ukuba lo mntu akanayo imithombo ezaneleyo ukumelana nezifo.

Ingakumbi kwengqondo kunye nobudala isikolo phambi kwexesha

Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba malunga nama-69% zeentsana nabantwana uthole, esi sifo uqala phambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-3. Schizophrenia ongumntwana 2 ubudala angavela kakuhle. Ngowe-26% abantwana baphuhlise sigulo phakathi kwiminyaka 3 nelesi-5. I abanye abantwana isifo eso kwiminyaka 5-8. Schizophrenia ngokufuthi labonwa amakhwenkwe. Amantombazana eboniswa enqabile nale sifo.

Schizophrenia kwangethuba kunye nobudala uthole wohlulwe ngeendlela ezininzi:

• uqobo ngumhlaza;
• ngokuqhubekayo progredient;
• njengembi.

uhlobo elinobuhlungu zangoku kwi besebancinane yaye pre-school

Kwiminyaka 1,5-2 oko yaqala ukuba nesimo sengqondo esinjalo xa umntwana. Impawu ziquka ebunayo umsebenzi izangoma, ukunciphisa umdla imidlalo, yokuduka wokuthimba ngokweemvakalelo nomnqweno ukunxibelelana. Isigulane liyayeka ukonwabisa ngokwabo zokudlala. umdlalo yakhe wagalela obungabangeli mdla, evunyelwe izinto non-zomdlalo (iziqwenga yentsimbi, izinti, iintambo).

Kwenye indawo ngonyaka flow yobubi uba ucaca ngakumbi. Abantwana ayisekho ukuphendula imibuzo, musa modem ngokwahlukana. imidlalo yabo iya ezinqabileyo kakhulu. Abasafunda ukuhamba kakuhle Ukunakana into ebonwayo, kukho uloyiko. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva urhulumente abantwana abagulayo ukuze ngcono kancinane. Kunciphisa ubungqongqo iimpawu ibitheni waphawula shwaka excitation kunye uloyiko, ulale kakuhle. Exacerbation ngesifo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka intlekele yobudala yesibini, kwiminyaka 7-8.

Gqolo uhlobo okuqhubekayo esemncinane kunye epriskuli

Kuba le fomu ngesifo luphawulwa ukuvela kweempawu zesi sifo eneminyaka engama-5-9. Xa abantwana, kukho ukungamthembi nokungathembani. Abaza kukunika up ubuhlobo kunye nabanye abantwana, zithi ndisuse yonke izinto zokudlala. Kwezinye iimeko, kukho mood uphambene ngokunxulumene abazali.

Xa iqhubeka abantwana progredient bangaba ngokuzenzekelayo nabakwaziyo. Xa sifo kuvela nemibono zokubonwayo eziviwayo. Bona uncediswa amava ezithe zenzeka ngexesha ubuthongo.

uhlobo njengembi ngesifo sengqondo xa besebancinane yaye pre-school

Indlela ukuqaphela ngesifo umntwana, ophuma kule fomu? Isifo iqala eneminyaka engama 3-4 lobunzima. ukubukeka kwawo okubangelwa zizinto psychogenic ezifana ukwahlukana ukusuka kumama notata, utshintsho kule meko. Ukugula umntwana okhula kancinci. Kancane kancane isangqa lwentlalo. Umntwana lowo qha kuphela nabantwana ngamnye. ukuncipha olunjalo wachaza imfuneko ukunxibelelana.

Ukuze schizophrenia njengembi kakhulu luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

• ukulahleka emnyama;
• izinga ukuhlukunyezwa intetho;
• zokulala;
• uloyiko unmotivated ezinxulumene iintsomi kunye neminqweno, nto leyo ke kaninzi bawaphikise imbonakalo ngezimvo intshutshiso.

Ekubeni abazali umntwana kuqhekeze lula. Abanye abantwana musa ukuvumela oomama babo abazali, kodwa ukuziphatha okunjalo egcine nje ngenxa yokoyika onamava. Kwezinye iimeko, abantwana ukubonisa iimpawu ezifana nenkohlakalo, ulunya, ndlongo, inkohlakalo.

Ingakumbi schizophrenia xa abantwana abakwiminyaka yokuba sesikolweni

Iimpawu umfanekiso engqondweni ngesifo sengqondo xa yabantwana abakwiminyaka yokuba sesikolweni zezokuba isifo kwenzeka ingabonakali ezicothayo. Kwezinye izigulane, kukho uloyiko ezahlukeneyo. Abantwana bakhathazeke ngayo kubomi babo kunye nempilo abazali. Ekuqaleni, amava ungajongwa. Emva koko ulahlekelwa intsingiselo yawo kwaye ezinxulumene naziphi na iziganeko. Abantwana waphelelwa ngumdla ekufundeni, imidlalo, kuvela iingcinga bazikhohlisa ngayo kwimpembelelo amandla angaphezu kwendalo.

Ngamanye abantwana, esi sifo yahlukile. Ukuba zizakhele ezazo ihlabathi zabo iingcinga, nto leyo kubonisiwe kwi imizobo. Izigulane antywiliselwa kwingcamango zabo ngokupheleleyo, into ukuhleba, grimace, kunzima yokutshintshela iziganeko ngokwenene. Aba bantwana ukudlala yedwa, imfuno kwabanye ukuba babebizwa lezibizo.

schizophrenia ikakhulu ingane

Kwezinye iimeko, kukho ukukhula kwala maqalela ukuba isenzeko kwesi sifo. Bamele i ukuziphatha eyinqaba, ukuziphatha phaku, edakumbisayo okanye iziqephu manic. A imeko efanayo kwiintsana Unokuqhutywa iintsuku eziliqela ukuya kwiiveki eziliqela.

Emva kokuba uhlobo ngesifo kwi abafikisayo kubangelwa yi iingxabano ezinkulu noontanga, enyundululu kunye nabazali, ezama kubundlobongela. Isifo eliphuma eyahlukileyo. Abanye baye kunciphise umsebenzi, unyamalale abanomdla kunye nokukhula ukuphazamiseka ngokweemvakalelo volitional. Abanye kubonakala uloyiko esilawulayo, iingcinga, iminqweno.

Lokufunyaniswa kwesifo ziikhrayitheriya ICD-10

Isifo "ngesifo" uvavanyo okunokuthi kwenziwe elabhoratri nokuba wayeza kwi sifo eziza kuphuhliswa. Uxilongo senziwa amagqirha malunga neekhrayitheriya ka-ICD-10 (Classification International of Diseases revision 10). Ngokutsho kwabo, esi sifo kufuneka ilifa ubuncinane 2 iimpawu (zimpawu lokugqibela 5 ezidweliswe ngezantsi) okanye 1 uphawu ecacileyo (of tags ezine zokuqala):

• iphinda soundless iingcinga entlokweni yam;
• iimbono bazikhohlisa;
• ukuba nemibono ezikhalayo, ukuvela amazwi amazwe intloko yam ukuba baxoxe okanye izimvo malunga ukuziphatha yesigulana;
• iimfeketho zokufeketha;
• ukuba nemibono gqolo nayiphi intsimi, ekhatshwa iimfeketho zokufeketha obungazinzanga okanye ayakhekanga ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle isiqulatho ecacileyo ngokweemvakalelo, okanye iingcamango ukuqhubeka overvalued;
• eqwengiweyo intetho uswele ingqiqo;
• ubukho izifo ezifana lukhuni, imincili, ukunqongophala iimpendulo zemibuzo, badengeka, negativism;
• utshintsho yokuziphatha, ukulahleka umdla kwihlabathi kunye nokunxibelelana nabanye abantu, zodwa;
• ubukho iimpawu ezimbi ezifana namdla, ezingafanelekanga okanye ubuhlwempu iimvakalelo, ukurhoxiswa lwentlalo kunye nezentlalo balala emqokozweni.

diagnosis umehluko

Kwengqondo ku abafikisayo abantwana abaselula ukubonisa iimpawu ezinjalo, nto leyo ehambisana nezinye izifo ezininzi, ngoko kufuneka uxilongo umahluko. Umsebenzi Iingcali oya kulawula ngaphandle ubukho ukuphazamiseka somatic, luvo organic engqondweni, izinto eziyityhefu emzimbeni.

Ukuba umntwana lowo schizophrenia abazali ntoni? Kufuneka ubone oyingcali ukuze ufumane imiyalelo ukuze axilongwe epheleleyo, kuquka:

• nokuhlola;
• iimvavanyo zegazi jikelele kunye nemvelo;
• urinalysis;
• ECG;
• baxilonga iziyobisi kunye nezinye izifundo (ukuba kuyimfuneko).

Izikhokelo zonyango

"Schizophrenia" uphethwe imfuneko lodweliso weklasiki konyango. Oku kuquka la manyathelo alandelayo:

• unyango olunamandla;
• gulwa (dolechivatsya) unyango;
• therapy yesondlo.

Injongo unyango etsolo - kubulawe zimpawu (iimfeketho zokufeketha, nemibono, ukuphazamiseka lengqondo). Xa unyango usebenzisa antipsychotics - amachiza psychotropic. Xa unyango ukuzinza unikwe lweziyobisi iye yasetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokuqala yaye nemiphumo emihle. Neuroleptic lusetyenziswa ithamo ephantsi ukuze kupheliswe iimpawu. unyango inkxaso lwenziwa kunye chiza linye, leyo nya kweempawu zesi sifo, kodwa iidosi ezincinane kakhulu ukunqanda ukuphinda likakade.

Umonakalo unyango kunye nemfuneko unyango yengqondo

Uxilongo "ngesifo" - isifo esinganyangekiyo. Ingxelo exesha elide ukulungiselela uninzi iziguli angabathembi. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba iziyobisi antipsychotic kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa ekuphuculeni izigulane. Xa unyango ngesifo ebantwaneni antipsychotics zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Isiphumo iziyobisi emzimbeni komntwana Kungenjalo ziqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi wambi nemiphumela engemihle. Ngoko ke, lo unyango - hayi inkqubo ekhuselekileyo, kodwa abanakho ukukunika phezulu kuye.

Ukonakala kwiziyobisi psychotropic - enye iimpawu ekunyangeni isifo. Olona phawu yesibini yimfuneko unyango yengqondo. Ezi ziquka uqeqesho zentlalo izakhono, ungenelelo eziquka intsapho, izigulane ebeka kwizikolo ezizodwa.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngesifo umntwana, iimpawu zazo ezahlukeneyo - nto idla isifo njengelifa. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba ayizizo zonke iimeko kwamawele monozygotic ekuzalweni zombini abantwana ugula kunye sengqondo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ngenene ingenzeka yayo iphenjelelwa ufuzo kuphela. Xa iimpawu ngesifo kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Ukugula ifuna uxilongo (nesi sifo "ngesifo" uvavanyo olulodwa na kuqhutywa elebhu, umfanekiso lwezonyango kuthathelwa ingqalelo, isikhalazo uya kuba igazi nomchamo iimvavanyo, izifundo ezongezelelweyo baqeshwa). Isifo kwakhona kufuna unyango lwexesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa anti-amachiza emva kokuba ukususwa iimpawu ezikhoyo.