Yintoni iplanethi efanayo Emhlabeni: igama, inkcazelo kunye neempawu

Yintoni iplanethi efanayo Umhlaba? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo kufuneka zenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba umbandela ongundoqo waxhuzula, umzekelo, ubukhulu kunye nobunzima kwenkqubo solar esikufutshane nekhaya lethu emkhathini Venus. Noko ke, umdla ngakumbi ukuqwalasela lo mbuzo, "Yintoni umhlaba uyafana ngakumbi Umhlaba?" Ngokwemiqathango ngokufaneleka kwezibonelelo ubomi. Kulo mzekelo, kwinkqubo solar, hi musa ukufumana umgqatswa ofanelekileyo - kuza kufuneka ukuba aqhele ukuba babeziindleko ezinkulu remote isithuba.

zone zelimiweyo

Ukufunwa for komhlaba ubomi abantu benze ixesha elide. Ekuqaleni ukuba nje uqikelela, kokucingelwayo kwaye intelekelelo, kodwa ekuphuculeni izakhono zobugcisa umba ukuqalisa utshintsho ukusuka kudidi iingxaki theoretical kummandla yokwenza nolwazi lwenzululwazi.

criteria ziye zachongwa apho into isithuba ukuba zihlelwe ezinokuba ezikulungele. Nawuphi na umhlaba efanayo Emhlabeni, kufuneka zibekwe kwindawo ekuthiwa-elimiweyo. Xa eli gama libhekisela kwindawo ethile ehlabathini nkwenkwezi. main osemqoka Its - ithuba ubukho umhlaba ngaphakathi kwalo amanzi zikwimeko engamanzi. Kuxhomekeka iimpawu iinkwenkwezi lommandla kwelimiweyo ukuba zibekwe kufutshane okanye kude, ukuba ithile enoba kukancinane okanye.

iimpawu ukukhanya

Uphando lubonisa ukuba umhlaba njenge Earth ngokwenza ezifanelekileyo ebomini kufuneka ezigxile phantsi inkwenkwezi ecacicleyo uhlobo G ukuya ku-K kunye iqondo lobushushu ukusukela 7000 ukuya 4000 K. Ezi izibane kukhutshwe imali eyaneleyo amandla ixesha elide isitali, umjikelo wobomi babo izaliswe iminyaka billion embalwa.

Kubalulekile ukuba le nkwenkwezi ayikho kakhulu variables ezahlukeneyo. Uzinzo on Earth and esithubeni - isitshixo ubomi ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngoxolo. flash ngesiquphe okanye ixesha elide eziphango lokukhanya kungakhokelela ekutshabalaleni eziphilayo phezu angangumvotelwa amawele iplanethi yethu.

Metallicity, oko kukuthi, ubukho ukwimo ukongeza kwiziqalelo star hydrogen kunye helium - yenye inkalo ebalulekileyo. Xa amaxabiso aphantsi kwalo amathuba imfanelo iiplanethi lincinane kakhulu. metallicity eziphezulu leenkwenkwezi eselula.

Iimpawu iiplanethi

Kwaye kutheni, enyanisweni, kuphela iplanethi kunokuba ezinokuba elimiweyo, Umhlaba-ezifana? Kutheni le luhlu ayibandakanyi izinto basondele ubukhulu ku kuZeyus? Impendulo siyifumana kuphuhliso kweemeko ezivumayo nezincomekayo ngayo izinto eziphilayo. Bona nje iiplanethi ezifanayo nezethu. Xa iimpawu iiplanethi Umhlaba-ezifana apho ubomi ongaba khona ziquka:

• ngobuninzi kufutshane Earth: emhlabeni bayakwazi ukugcina umoya apha kule ziitectonic plates phezu akukho nje phezulu ukuba i "yamaRefa";

• okulawula kuhlanganiselo zeengxondorha silicate;

• ukungabikho umoya oxineneyo helium yehayidrojini, uphawu, umzekelo, kuba Jupiter noNeptune;

• hayi kakhulu eyinqaba kakhulu, okanye umhlaba ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha iya kuba kude kakhulu ukusuka inkwenkwezi, okanye kufutshane kakhulu ukusondela kuyo;

• umlinganiselo othile esqwini nokujikeleza umhlaba ubucotha ukujikele- efunekayo ukuze ukutshintsha amaxesha onyaka, ubude umyinge imini nobusuku.

Ezi kunye nezinye iparameters kuchaphazela imozulu kumphezulu-langa, iinkqubo zejoloji e nezibilini zayo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo iimeko eziyimfuneko ungahluka. Amathuba okufumana intsholongwane kwendawo liphezulu kakhulu kunokuba ezincancisayo.

Iplanethi entsha efanayo Earth

Ukuvavanywa kwazo zonke ezi parameters zifuna izixhobo ngqo ukuba akakwazi ukubala kuphela indawo emhlabeni, kodwa acacise iimpawu zayo. Ngethamsanqa, izixhobo zale mihla "uyakwazi" sele kakhulu, kunye nophando unganqandeki kunye nophuhliso ukuvumela ukuba nethemba ukuba kwixa elizayo, abantu baya kuba nako ukubheka phambili emajukujukwini.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane uyaziwa eziliqela izinto, ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, efanelekileyo ubomi. Noko ke, ukuba uphendule umbuzo apho ngaphezulu kunayo nayiphi na enye iplanethi efana uMhlaba, akukho kunokwenzeka kuba ifuna idata ngqo ngakumbi.

exoplanet impikiswano

September 29, 2010, izazinzulu isaziso kwafunyanwa umhlaba Gliese 581 g, Bajikeleza inkwenkwezi Gliese 581. Oku ibekwe kumgama ukukhanya-kwiminyaka engama-20 ukusuka kuloo umlaza Libra. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubukho planethi awuthunyelwanga iqinisekisiwe. Kwiminyaka emihlanu ukususela kuvulwa izihlandlo eziliqela okugunyaziswe iinkcukacha zophando ezongezelelweyo kwaye ke ndikukhanyele.

Ukuba le planethi ikhona, ngokutsho izibalo, kuba umoya, amanzi karhulumente elulwelo kunye umphezulu enamatye. Radially oko ikufutshane ngokwaneleyo kwikhaya lethu yesiqalo. Nguye 1.2-1.5 phezu komhlaba. ubunzima yenjongosenzi uthelekelelwa 3,1-4,3 emhlabeni. Amathuba ubukho ubomi kuba impikiswano nokuvulwa kwawo.

Esokuqala ukuqinisekisile

Kepler-22 b - iplanethi efanayo Earth nangaphandle iteleskopu "Kepler" ngo-2011 (5 Disemba). Kuyinto into bayo iqinisekisiwe. Iimpawu ze planethi:

• Ijikeleza a inkwenkwezi ecacicleyo uhlobo G5 kunye isithuba 290 iintsuku Umhlaba;

• ubunzima - 34,92 zehlabathi;

• yokuqamba ubuso ayaziwa;

• radius - 2.4 emhlabeni;

• ukusuka inkwenkwezi lifumana malunga ne-25% umbane ngaphantsi kwe uMhlaba elifulathele ilanga;

• Umgama ukuya inkwenkwezi yi malunga ne-15% ngaphantsi kunolo iLanga ukuya Umhlaba.

Umlinganiselo woviwo ezincinane Umgama namandla ekudleni kwenza Kepler-22 b umgqatswa isihloko le planethi elimiweyo. Ukuba ingqongwe yi-bume yehlathi, iqondo lobushushu besukelana 22 ° C. Ngelo xesha kukho ingcamango yokuba umhlaba iyafana kumafa kunokuba kweneptune.

ezisanda

"The entsha" neeplanethi efanayo Emhlabeni, kuye kwavulwa kunyaka 2015 yangoku. Oku Kepler-442 b, zibekwe kumgama 1120 ukukhanya-iminyaka ukusuka elangeni. Lidlula Earth ngokobukhulu ngamaxesha 1.3 kwaye ibekwe kwindawo kwelimiweyo inkwenkwezi yayo.

Kulo nyaka siye safumanisa umhlaba Kepler-438 b kwi lekroza s (470 kwiminyaka ukukhanya Earth). Kwakhona esondele ubukhulu Emhlabeni kwaye ibekwe kwindawo elimiweyo.

Ekugqibeleni, ngoJulayi 23, 2015 yabhengeza ukuvulwa Kepler-452 b. Le planethi kwindawo kwelimiweyo ukukhanya, efana kakhulu inkwenkwezi yethu. It mkhulu Umhlaba malunga 63%. Kepler-452 b ngokobunzima 5 wt Scientists uqikelelo iplanethi yethu. ubudala bakhe kunye nangaphezulu - kwiminyaka 1.5 billion. Iqondo lobushushu uthelekelelwa -8 ° C.

Ubukho kwezi iiplanethi abathathu iqinisekisiwe. Bona zithathwa ngokuba ezinokuba ezifanelekileyo ebomini. Kodwa ke, ukuqinisekisa, okanye ukuphikisa yokuhlala sabo kodwa kunokwenzeka.

Ngakumbi ekuphuculeni ubuchule iya kuvumela ngeenkwenkwezi ukuba sihlole ngakumbi nezigwinta, ngoko ke impendulo yombuzo oko iplanethi into efana kakhulu uMhlaba.