Yintoni iParthenon? IParthenon e Greece

babekhupha iinkuntyula zabelwa ukwakha itempile eAthens. Iindleko zange lilize. Itempile iParthenon iseyeyona iperile izakhiwo yehlabathi. ubukhulu bakhe uphefumlela yaye etsala iminyaka 2500.

City-penny uthixokazi

Amazing Athens ibekwe eGrisi. Wacela ukuba ulwalathiso kwedemokhrasi, uphuhlise ifilosofi yakha isiseko yeqonga. Enye inzuzo yakhe - kuyo itempile iParthenon wamandulo: lesikhumbuzo ebalaseleyo zakhiwo yamandulo iye yagcinwa ukuze imihla yethu.

Le dolophu ogama lakhe behlonipha isithixokazi wemfazwe nobulumko - Athens.

Ngokutsho legend, yena waye umlawuli kweelwandle Poseidon waza waqalisa imbambano malunga nguwuphi na kubo oya kuqubuda abahlali. Uthixo ezilwandle, ukubonisa amandla akhe, ambetha Ababhali sakhe phezu kolwalwa. Kukho ukudlalwa iphakeme. Ngoko ke wayefuna kukukhupha abemi kwimbalela. Kodwa ke amanzi anetyuwa kwaye babe enetyhefu kwizityalo. Athena likhulile umthi womnquma, nto leyo ioli, iziqhamo kunye iinkuni. Ophumelele wakhetha isithixokazi. Igama layo emva komzi.

Kamva, imbeko yoMkhuseli lomzi yayakhiwe iParthenon. Temple of Athena kwi Acropolis, oko kukuthi kwidolophu eliphezulu.

indlu uthixokazi Customer

Athens yamandulo - esinye sezixeko ezimeleyo zaseAttica elinambini (inxalenye phakathi Greece). ubudala baso wangena kule BC ngenkulungwane V. e. Enza lukhulu sepolisi zomlawuli walo Pericles. Umntu ozelwe usapho yabantu basebukhosini baseAthene, nangona kamva ngomsi- inkxaso lwentando yesininzi. Ekubeni abantu wabagxotha ivela emzini sokubambela kumlawuli waza wathabatha itrone yakhe. Umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha kunye ubunzima yeenguqulelo wazisa Pericles wenza eAthene iziko yenkcubeko. Kwaba phezu iphulo yakhe itempile iParthenon wayebekwe khona.

Enye izithethe yamaGrike kukuba zonqulo ziye kuphela kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo kwaye abe igama eliqhelekileyo le Acropolis. Yaba nakumphezulu umzi. Kuye ngakumbi kwimeko uhlaselo iintshaba.

Owandulela iParthenon

Athens Itempile yokuqala yakhiwa kwangethuba kangangoko phakathi BC ngenkulungwane VI. e. wabiza Gekatompedon. Yena ke wavuthululwa namaPersi ngowama-480 BC. e. Kuye ukususela kwenziwe amalinge ezimbalwa ukwakha amanqugwala, kodwa imfazwe rhoqo bahlukunyezwe mali.

Le elandelayo, ngubani likwazile ukubulela uthixokazi, waba Pericles. Ngo-447 BC. e. ukwakha itempile iParthenon waqala. EGrisi, ngoxa ethule, namaPersi ekugqibeleni yarhoxa, kananjalo kubekho nentsika yelitye phezu Acropolis liye laba uphawu impumelelo kunye noxolo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isakhiwo yinxalenye izicwangciso irhuluneli ukubuyisela eAthene. Loo nto inika umdla imali ichithwe ekwakhiweni, inkosi yelo imali ebolekiweyo esele namahlakani abayiqokeleleyo imfazwe nxamnye namaPersi.

kokuqala ukwakha

Ngoxa Acropolis ke eneneni alahle ntoni okuseleyo iindonga yeetempile zangaphambili. Ngoko ke, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqala ekucoceni indawo yenduli. Loo ndawo yonqulo ephambili waba nombulelo ku Athena uncedo wakhe lokuphazamisa ziintshaba Idabi Marathon. Ngokufuthi, isithixokazi mfazwe kuthiwa Athena Virgo. Le yenye impendulo umbuzo wokuba yintoni iParthenon. Ngapha koko, lithatyathwa kwigama lesiGrike elithi 'parthenos "liguqulelwe ngokuthi" intombi "okanye" ntombi.'

Steel uhlala isiseko kwesakhiwo, yonke into inciphisiwe. Emsebenzini samenywa artists ilungileyo, iinjineli kunye abakroli ngayo ixesha. Ngokuba design zazibizwa buchopho izakhiwo kunye Iktinos Callicrates. Ngokutsho kwamaxwebhu kwaziwa ukuba ngowokuqala yaqulunqa isicwangciso, kwaye lwesibini umsebenzi womzobi. iqela labo babesebenza etempileni iminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu. Kulo nyaka 438 BC. e. banikela phezu umsebenzi. Kulo nyaka mnye isakhiwo yamiselwa. Enyanisweni, lo abakroli wayesebenza kude 432 BC. e. Inkqubela ekugqibeleni kukhokelele umhlobo osenyongweni Pericles kunye ngqondi imifanekiso Phidias.

Lo mkhuba kwetempile

Pericles Kwakusoloko batyholwa uchitha. iindleko Huge efunekayo iParthenon. Indlu ka-Athena ezixabisa 450 eetalente zesilivere. Thelekisa - kwenye loo ngqekembe unako ukwenza wempi.

Xa abantu abangonwabanga wavuka, umlawuli ekhohlisa. Wathi ukuba iindleko ukubuya, kodwa ke ube ngumxhasi kuphela ibandla, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane inzala ziya kubulela yedwa zakhe. Abantu abaqhelekileyo wayenqwenela uzuko, bavuma ukuba iindleko ziye zibhaliwe phezu abemi, yaye akukho kuphinda bathetha uqhankqalazo. Ngendlela, ukuba iitshekhi zemali (ngexesha kwaba umonakalo marble) abaphandi ndigqibe yonke imihla.

Kwafuneka ukutyelela kuyo itempile iParthenon unqulo zamaKristu. Phakathi Byzantine (V c) indawo yokunqula Athena similise etempileni St. Mary kaThixo.

Yintoni iParthenon, yaye yintoni injongo yayo eyintloko abangabaziyo baseTurkey. Ngo-1460 i-Athens upasisiwe ezandleni zabo, kwaye iBandla Lady Yethu (t. E. I amajoni kwanetempile yothixokazi) iguqulwe ibe mosque.

1687 kwaba yingozi ukuba eAthene-Virgin. inqanawa yelo yaba undoqo kwesakhiwo, sayaphula phantse ngokupheleleyo engundoqo indima yawo. Architecture ne ubunzima ezivela ezandleni engathethekiyo loonogada zobugcisa. Ngokomzekelo, abaninzi eqingqiweyo yaxhuzulwa xa bazama ukususa ukusuka iindonga abonakalisi beprophathi kunye namagqwetha nenkcubeko.

Iimpawu, ezinika

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX ngu iNkosi Elgin wathabatha imvume evela umbusi Ottoman ukuthutha imilonde e England neendonga kunye imikrolo, eziye zigcinwe. Ngoko ke, wahlangulwa amashumi kweemitha lwemizobo ezixabisekileyo ngamatye. Bokwakha ukwakha yiParthenon, okanye mandithi inxalenye yayo, nangoku ugcinwe kwi British Museum eLondon. Njengoko imiboniso ezinjalo inama Louvre Museum kunye Acropolis.

ukubuyiselwa Partial yaqala emva kokubuyiselwa geqe. Ibinayo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Ngoko okwesihlandlo sokuqala sazama ukubuyisela ubuso wokuqala Acropolis.

Namhlanje, ibe yindawo ekhethekileyo ebuyiselweyo.

Upper Town lomculo

Itempile yaba isithsaba yazukisa Acropolis. IParthenon - ezakudala yamandulo eGrisi. Igumbi ubanzi, kunye macala onke engqongwe kwimiqolo. Kuba kwakhiwa zange asebenzise isamente, wamatye kwaphela umhlaba. unit nganye - ngcambu yokwenene. Kukwaqhotyoshelwe amandla ezihambelana ngokucacileyo omnye komnye, phezu iintonga zentsimbi. Zonke nemàbhula zaye likhazimlisiwe ngokugqibeleleyo.

Lo mmandla yahlukana. Lanikwa indawo yokugcina ubuncwane. A kwigumbi elahlukileyo yaba ukuba oqingqiweyo ka-Athena.

izinto Basic - ibhastile. Kuye iimpawu ngegolide phantsi ukukhanya, ngoko kukho ilanga emthubi, kwaye enye inxalenye unalo nombala nombala.

Le abenzi bemilingo kwetempile kwenzeka ngexesha of Greece. Emva kokuwa aseAthene lizwe ekhaya nayo inciphisiwe.

Eyona yeendwendwe kwetempile

Wonke umsebenzi oqingqiweyo lwaqhutywa phantsi kweliso nomkroli yamaGrike Phidias kunye lokwakha. Kodwa ke yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu ibandla waleka ngokwakhe. Iziko le ndawo yonqulo isithsaba umsebenzi wakhe oqingqiweyo uthixokazi. IParthenon Greece wayesaziwa kuyo. Ukuphakama yayiziimitha 11.

Sayithimba njengesiseko umthi, kodwa nani yenziwe ngegolide lwendlovu. metal Precious iye yasetyenziswa 40 Talent (oku ubunzima wayelingana malunga ithani legolide). Umqondiso awawenzayo Phidias wadala, oko zisindileyo ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kodwa ukusungulwa ngokweenkcukacha. Umfanekiso sculpture kwakubhalwe kwi iinkozo, amakhulu eqingqiweyo elincinane Athena (khuphela kuyo itempile iParthenon) yayalela iintlafuno iidolophu asebumelwaneni. Konke oku ukuze kubuyiselwe kwenziwe echanekileyo eziphathekayo.

intloko yakhe wayenxibe umnqwazi, nto leyo uvale ubuhle bakhe. Ibhodi ingalo apho Amazons emfazweni iboniswe. Ngokutsho legend enye, umbhali wasiphosela umfanekiso wakhe umzobo umthengi. Wesundu uqeshwe oqingqiweyo isithixokazi uloyiso Mandulo Greece - Nicky. Against Athens ezinkulu ubonakala encinane, kodwa eneneni ukuphakama kwayo - ngaphezu kweemitha ezimbini.

Ukuze siqonde ngcono oko kuyo itempile iParthenon nendlela siyafana ke ngoko umelo ezikhona, ungakwazi ukufunda iintsomi zamaGrike. Athena kuphela isithixo ukuba wema isikrweqe. Idla zimelwe intshuntshe esandleni sakhe.

Kwiminyaka 438-437 BC. e. Phidias igqityiwe umsebenzi kwi oqingqiweyo ka-Athena. Ngaphezu koko, isiphelo sayo kwakungelula. Umbhali watyholwa ngokweba igolide. Emva koko, inxalenye kwipleyiti eninzi lisusiwe kwaza endaweni yalo kwafakwa yobhedu. Yaye ngenkulungwane V, ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, wafa emlilweni.

Ukuzalwa uthixokazi

Yintoni iParthenon, yaye emva ngaye balakha, yaziwa lonke Greek. Itempile iphambili isixeko samandulo yayakhelwe ukuzukisa ubulumko nokusesikweni ongcwele layo umxhasi - i Athens omkhulu.

Inkangeleko isithixokazi kwi Olympus engaqhelekanga. Yena akazange azalwe, baza baphuma intloko kayise kaZeyus. Le ndawo kubonisiwe iphiko empumalanga zetempile.

NguZeyus, uthixo omkhulu, waye ngokufutshane watshata kumlawuli wolwandle, ibhinqa Metis. Xa umfazi wam ukhulelwe, uThixo waxela kwangaphambili ukuba wayeza kuzalwa abantwana ababini. A intombi othe bavume ukuba nesibindi namandla, kunye nonyana, ngubani na oya kuba amandla ukuba balahle etroneni kayise. Wengcibi UZeyus wenza ukuncipha oyithandayo. Xa Metis waba encinane, umyeni wakhe akuginyileyo. Kule senzo uThixo wagqiba ukuze siphumelele isiphelo.

IParthenon itempile ayikho ukuba akunjalo wazalelwa Athena. Emva kwethutyana, uZeyus wagula. Intlungu, enkqayini yakhe kangangokuba wacela unyana wakhe Hephaestus ukwahlula ukakayi. Yena wawaxabela isando nguyise wakhe, waza waphuma intloko abadala yakhe ungumfazi omhle isikrweqe - Athena.

Kamva, waba patroness lamagorha-amaqhawe bezandla ekhaya.

Temple - yincwadi yeentsomi

Eyona Ubutyebi kwamaziko - layo ixabiso lenkcubeko ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo. Ngenxa yoko, yamasuntswana ngalinye ubalisa ibali elilelakho yawo eyodwa: ukuzalwa yesithixokazi, uthando umzi nolwalamano yayo kubalinganiswa.

Ngokungafaniyo Ares, uthixo imfazwe, Athena wazama amadabi nje. Nguye umkhuseli njengamadoda okulwa, ukunceda kuloo mzi, apho kwakukho indawo yonqulo, ngokufuthi sikhatshwa amaqhawe kwi adventure lwabo. Ngoko ke, ngoncedo Perseus wahlula Medusa. Jason kunye Argonauts Athena wakha inqanawa apho ngomkhombe, kuba Golden ngoboya. Kwakhona, kaninzi umlinganiswa ifumaneka amaphepha imisebenzi ka uMofokeng. A lot uthixokazi ezenziwa Odysseus wabuyela ekhaya. azithandayo kwi kaTrojan, Achilles waye ke imeko edabini kubonisiwe kwintshona zetempile.

eqingqiweyo iParthenon zaba yimizekelo ikwizizukulwana amagcisa.