Yingozi Flu Virus

SARS ngokubanzi (kwaye umkhuhlane ethile) yenye yeengxaki ezinzima kwezentlalo. Abantwana akhawunti amacala 6-8 ukuya kunyaka-1, kodwa ubudala, lo izehlo kuyehla. Per omdala umlinganiselo amatyala 3-4 ka-SARS ngomnyaka. Ngenxa yokuba umkhuhlane kakhulu kukhokelela yokukhubazeka kunye nosulelo ezifana rhinovirus okanye coronavirus ngaphezulu ngokubanzi kunyanyezelwa "ngemilenze", kuyaqondakala ukuba ilahleko ukusebenza kunye nexesha uqeqesho ikakhulu ngenxa yokosuleleka yomkhuhlane. Kubalulekile ukuba ukomeleza amajoni omzimba, ingakumbi xa lisifa umkhuhlane rhoqo.

Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukuba nzima umkhuhlane eyingozi unika yokufa - ukuya kwi-6% (yaye amanye amaqela, kwaye ngaphezulu). La manani ezifanayo, umzekelo, kunye izinga lokufa kwezifo ezinzima kakhulu ngotyando, ezifana ukopha lwangaphakathi, isilonda tubing okanye ileus. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukunyanga umkhuhlane ngokukhawuleza.

Kunzima ukutsho ngoku indlela uqaphele abantu influenza kwinkulungwane XX, kodwa a bhe "umkhuhlane iSpanish" ngo-1918-19 iye yabonisa ukubaluleka kwesi sifo. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba "umkhuhlane Spanish" iye yabonisa kwiinyanga zakutsha nje, iMfazwe 1st yeHlabathi, eyaqala ngo-1914. Kangangeminyaka 4 edabini, yabulala amajoni ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 kunye namagosa, kunye ezafa ngaphaya abantu abazizigidi ezili-10. Ngoko uluntu ayikwazanga ulumkele 2 kweMfazwe Yehlabathi ezayo kwaye anegazi ngakumbi, kwaye nelahleko iyonke yabemi abantu abazizigidi ezingama-20 ngaphezu kwabonakala usizi jikelele.

"Umkhuhlane Spanish" kwiinyanga ezimbalwa wathumela abanye ihlabathi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-50, izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-2.5 ngaphezu inani lamaxhoba imfazwe. Kuhlukunyezwa of ilahleko imfazwe libunile phambi kokuba eyoyikekayo kukulahlekelwa ngenxa igciwane lohlobo.

umkhuhlane nobhubhane

Kukholelwa ukuba ubhubhane ehlabathini komkhuhlane eyingozi ebangelwa ziivayirasi mutated ukuya apho uluntu akukho sifo, kukho amaxesha 2-3 phakathi kwenkulungwane. Ngenkulungwane XX phofu ngokwenene. Ubhubhane lokuqala ( "umkhuhlane Spanish") kwenzeka ngo-1918-19 (umkhuhlane virus uhlobo H1N1). AboSulelwe baba ngaphezu kwezigidi 550. Abantu (phantse isinye kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi) wambulala ezingaphezu kwama-50 ezigidi.

Le umkhuhlane bhe elandelayo, ebizwa i "Asian" (uhlobo influenza virus N2N2), ngo-1957 yaze yabangela kuqikelelwa kwezigidi ezi-2. Ubomi. Ngokutsho kwamanani asemthethweni abagulayo kuphela influenza ubhubhane kwi-20 ukuya kuma-50% yabantu ehlabathini.

Ngowe-1968, kwakukho umkhuhlane wesithathu bhe, ebizwa ngokuba "Hong Kong" (umkhuhlane virus uhlobo NZN2). Emva koko, ukuba ebegula malunga-20% abemi, yaye yabulala abantu abaqikelelwa kwizigidi 0.5. Man.

Kulindelekile kuphela ukuba kwixa elizayo silindele ukuba ubhubhane umkhuhlane entsha, yaye imiphumo kuthelekiseka nje kuphela kwi "umkhuhlane iSpanish" losizi, kodwa nangakumbi. Kwaye ngo-2009, i-WHO ubhengeze lombulalazwe entsha, xa imeko wonke wawunzima ukuqhambuka komkhuhlane ebantwini ezibangelwa yi- H1N1 (njenge "Flu Spanish"), kwaye wafumana igama "iihagu (California) 'umkhuhlane.

iimvavanyo kunokwenzeka

Isizathu sokuba "umkhuhlane Spanish" omtsha inokuba kule minyaka izayo ayikho yehagu, yaye "intaka" umkhuhlane yingozi. Oko kwabhalwa okokuqala ngo-1997 (ubunzima H5N1) e Hong Kong, xa abantu 18 wagula, 6 kubo bafa. Emva koko - iminyaka embalwa yoxolo, kodwa ebusika ka-2003-2004 sisifo wentsholongwane egazini kuye kwafunyaniswa kummandla kumazwe 8 Asia - Cambodia, China, Indonesia, eJapan, iLaos, South Korea, Thailand kunye Vietnam. Nangona amanyathelo olunzima kakhulu ngenxa yesifo, amaziko amatsha "yomkhuhlane intaka" ehlotyeni ka 2004 wabonakala Cambodia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mongolia, China, Thailand kunye Vietnam, kwaye ngo-2005 - sele eRashiya, Turkey kunye Romania. "Umkhuhlane Bird" sele ifikelele kunye neNtshona yeYurophu.

Nangona kukuba kule minyaka inani elipheleleyo kumatyala "yomkhuhlane intaka" ayikho abantu abangaphezu kwama-400, kubo 227 abaye bafa, ingozi enokwenzeka ukuba lobhubhane iphezulu kakhulu. A Inani elincinane zifo kuphela kungachazwa kukuba lo gama nje loo mntu ingongoma kokuphela kwale ubunzima wentsholongwane egazini. Oko kukuthi, esi sifo sisasazwa ukuba abantu kuphela iintaka onesifo ukuqhagamshelana nabo okanye netuwa zabo, okanye besidla inyama okanye amaqanda iintaka abosulelekileyo ukuba ayikhange unyango ngokwaneleyo ubushushu. Kodwa ke amancinci - Akwanelanga nokuguquka nje omnye. Kwaye oko kwanele emzimbeni elinye nje ezimbini influenza, enye yazo yintsholongwane ye "umkhuhlane intaka". Oko kuya kuba intsholongwane silo uyakwazi isasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye yaye ukufa ngaphezu-50%.

Awu, ukhathalelo lwempilo bale mihla ilungele esinjalo yaye iziphumo lombulalazwe elinjalo Kunzima ukuba nomfanekiso ngqondweni.