Vyborg - Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo mzi. Viborg ezingqongileyo

umdla Russian nje kuphela imizi eyinkunzi. Enye into ebalulekileyo yile yokuhlala ezincinane yimbali, ezifana Vyborg. Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo: Mon Repos Park, i izitrato nezikwere isixeko bafanelwe ingqalelo ngenxa yobuhle bayo kunye nokubaluleka zembali. Namhlanje, abakhenkethi ukuba sivuma lo mmandla. It zinginginya iintlobo bemithendeleko wokwakha, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku esi sixeko akukabikho yaba Umtsalane woKhanketho eqinileyo kwaye igcina umphefumlo wayo ophilayo.

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Viborg kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane ukuba ukuphumla ukuhlola iintsuku 2-4 uze ufumane ulonwabo lokwenene adibane kunye ngembali onjalo umdla yamandulo, ohlala kufutshane.

Ukuvela zokuhlala

Vyborg, imbali kunye ezinika ukuba ngoku atsala ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi ezivela izazinzulu kunye nabakhenkethi beza 1293, xa Vyborg Castle yakhiwa apha yi-balwa. Kukho uguqulelo kunye yokuhlala ngaphambili kule ndawo. Inelungelo Novgorod Elder Gostomysl wadala isixeko apha imbeko unyana wakhe kwinkulungwane 9. Kukho ezafunyanwa ngabembi bezinto zakudala, leyo kubonisa ukuba nkqu Stone Age kwakukho abantu bamandulo. Kodwa ukuvela yokuhlala esisigxina ukuba sihlale ibhalwe kuphela amaxwebhu Swedish, ngoko ke umhla esemthethweni kokuvela Vyborg ke ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-13.

ngabembi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ekuqaleni kwewaka lokuqala mmandla babehlala izizwe, ebizwa Karelia. Bona wasebenza ngokukhutheleyo nabahlali Novgorod nabarhwebi Dutch kunye namalungu i okhawulezileyo हायपरटेक्स्ट League, othathe iintlanzi. Kummandla Vyborg mihla indawo yokugcina - redoubt, leyo wagcinwa ngabalindi ezihamba iimpahla. indawo kakuhle kakhulu yabalindi point batsalela kuyo balwa owakha Inqaba kwisiqithi inqaba ngamatye.

ixesha Swedish kubomi Vyborg

Vyborg - ngexesha Impi lweSithathu ezweni Karelia kwi ngokuyalelwa yokumkani Swedish nqaba siqithi enqabeni-inqaba wamiswa. Iifoto aloo mzi, umtsalane kubakhenkethi ezikhumbuzo zembali kuhlala namhlanje, amandla koluvo, leyo ukwakha leyo. Le inqaba oluthembekileyo wahlala kungenakugqithwa kangangeenkulungwane, nangona into yokuba abantu Novgorod wenza imizamo knock balwa evela Vyborg. Castle enza, zandiswa, yaye ngowe-1403 uKumkani Sweden wawongwa ityala ubume edolophini. Indawo elula Vyborg ngokukhawuleza yaba liziko enkulu lorhwebo. Le dolophu yayilawulwa irhuluneli Swedish, waba ukuzimela enkulu, ukumkani iflakisi Plateau (irhafu), kodwa kungenjalo uqhuba usodolophu.

Ngowe-1442 intloko yesixeko emi Karl Knutsson Bunde owathatha isixeko iminyaka emithandathu. Xa Vyborg Castle yaba yeyona intle eSweden. Usodolophu Ungeza iinqaba ezimbalwa, amagumbi kartel namacebo ukuhlaziya embindini. Ngowe-1525, le dolophu wemka Bala von Goya, ngubani wayesisalamane uKumkani Sweden. Ndawonye naye phakathi komzi uthululele eyayinethombo elikhulu labantu abavela okhawulezileyo हायपरटेक्स्ट: Bremen, Hamburg, iLübeck. City ukhula prettier kunye nemali engakumbi. amajoni Russian kuqhubeka ukuzama ukoyisa Vyborg, kodwa ngalo lonke ixesha nakanjani. Ngexesha leMfazwe Northern Vyborg waye mthombo uphambili isoyikiso eyinkunzi omtsha Russia - St. Petersburg. Pet Veliky ngo-1706 buqu wayiqhubela singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko, kodwa watsho phantsi. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1710, enkosi kwimisebenzi eququzelelweyo yomkhosi kunye weenqanawa Vyborg wathathwa amajoni Russian, kwaye ngo-1721-m, ngokuba isiVumelwano Uxolo, wajoyina uBukhosi Russian.

ukuzithoba Russian

Ukuya eRashiya, Vyborg waba embindini kwingqwayi yesithili kunye nothotho entsha Russian. Ngaphandle isixeko igcinwe iqela benefits: iqhubeka ukusebenza umthetho Swedish, abahlali bavumelekile ukuba agcine ukholo lwabo yamaLuthere, kwakungekho serfdom. Kwisixeko Russian abarhwebi ezintsha nangoko beDA, emkhosini. Le yokuhlala uqala ukwandisa. It wakha Petersburg Vyborg kwihlomela.

Eyona engundoqo ezinomtsalane kwisixeko Vyborg elo xesha - isakhiwo yokuhlala, inxalenye entsha yindawo. Ukususela 1730 ukuya 1741 ekwakhiweni esebenzayo, wakha inxalenye entsha inqaba. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le nqaba Vyborg ngoko zange ithuba ukuvavanya iinqaba zabo entsha yokulwa. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto isixeko Vyborg ezinika ezigcinwe kakuhle kangaka unanamhla. nophuhliso olutsha, nangona umyalelo Russian-kusekwa nokugcina iimpawu zaseYurophu. Ngakumbi kuba labazobi eyayigcwele balwa, amaJamani, Scandinavians. Ngowe-1811 IPhondo Vyborg yinxalenye Duchy of Finland. Ngo-1910, ngaphezu kwama-80% yabantu base eFinland.

City kwenzeka Ukuxutywa elide amaqela eentlanga, nto leyo ngaphandle nemizabalazo zalo moya, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwakukho umoya ekhethekileyo eye ahluka Vyborg kwiidolophu zephondo eqhelekileyo Russian. Emva imvukelo Decembrists ezilikhulu ambalwa abavukeli bathunyelwa Vyborg inqaba, nayo nokwadala umoya mzi. Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19, esi sixeko uza zikaloliwe luqala gasification kombane. Yena ufumana ukukhula koqoqosho okukhawulezayo kwaye uye waba yesibini ngobukhulu kweli seLizwe.

Vyborg and Finland

Ngowe-1917, emva kokuba revolution eRashiya, Vyborg ngokubonakalayo kungena inguquko yotshintsho olululo. Emva isibhengezo Finland ngayo uzimele geqe lihamba isixeko IsiRashiya ukuya kwimo entsha. Wabuya satshintsha ukwakheka yobuhlanga. Ngoku kukho esilawulwa labemi Finnish, kwaye Russian, isiJamani kunye Swedish eliphantsi kakhulu. Kodwa ke uphuhliso isixeko iyaqhubeka. Kungekudala umakhi O. Meurman ludala iprojekthi ubunye sixeko kunye namadlelo ayo. Ngoko ke kukho Vyborg enkulu. zemvelo zibandakanyiwe ngoku kwesixeko. Ngelo xesha, le ndawo fumene ubume eyinkunzi lenkcubeko Finland, ukuba yakhiwe oluninzi kwezemidlalo, ezenkcubeko kunye izakhiwo zetempile.

Vyborg ezinika isixeko eli thuba kusekho benza uzuko lwayo: yokugcina yesithili, ithala leencwadi elitsha, Art Museum - konke oku zokuhlala ihonjiswe kakhulu.

Ngexesha Second World War

Ngo-1939 waqalisa imfazwe Russian-Finnish, yaye isixeko Vyborg kunye ezinika leyo basengozini yokuba ummandla ekulweni. imisebenzi esebenzayo wamajoni Red Army kukhokelele kwinto yokuba Karelian Isthmus kunye isixeko ocande amandla eSoviet Union. Ngowe-1941 Vyborg wabuyela imfazwe, kwaye Red Army kwanyanzeleka ukuba ayinike ukuya eFinland. Karelian Isthmus iminyaka ukuya ku-44 ubudala ekwakusetyenzwa yimikhosi Finnish exhobileyo. Ngexesha izimpi, June 20, 1944 Vyborg wakhululwa. Ezayo xesha linzima achache. Vyborg, ezinika leyo wabandezeleka kakhulu ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ubunzima izinto omkhulu neelahleko zenkcubeko.

Ithuba Soviet

Ekupheleni kwemfazwe iqala ngokutsha elide. Bebonke isiphelo sinye ezehlela Vyborg. Iifoto aloo mzi, izinto kunye yokwakha na emehlweni embi - inxalenye enkulu yale lali ludilikile. Kodwa la magunya kwaye abantu benza iinzame yemidlalo, yaye isixeko baqalisa ukuvuselela. Ngowe-1947 wadala isicwangciso kwisakhiwo esitsha, babeka phezu kwiindawo zokuhlala, amashishini mveliso. Izitalato ulinike igama kwakhona ukuze akhumbule elidlulileyo esi sixeko. Vyborg izuza iimpawu eziphambili kwizixeko Soviet. Kule 60s Kwabonakala iindawo izakhiwo ezinemigangatho, wayibuyisela isitokhwe ezindala, ukwakha izibonelelo ezitsha zenkcubeko.

Ukususela ngowe-1950 umzi uba nomtsalane kubakhenkethi, kwaye kukho ezininzi ukutsala kubo. Ngowe-1988, oko wagqiba ukumisela i-State Museum-Reserve - Mon Repos Park.

Vyborg yanamhlanje

City okwangoku ngenkuthalo ibuyisela iingcambu zawo yembali, efuna ukutsala abakhenkethi. Ukuthatha ukwakha unxibelelwano namazwe ezithe ngokwembali simanywe Vyborg - Sweden, Norway, Finland. Ngowe-1999, iUNESCO kwenza Library Central kuluhlu bezinto adinga ukhuseleko kunye nenkxaso. Ngo-2000, le nkampani ngenkuthalo ngokutsha. City ubuyisela imbonakalo zembali yezinto ezininzi yatsala mbali intshukumo lwentlalo. In Vyborg zibanjwa rhoqo ngamatheko yeenkcubeko yobuhlanga, ekwakhiweni ngokutsha enkulu iziganeko zembali.

Vyborg - Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo isixeko

Ubutyebi bembali yalo yokuhlala ushiye imizila emininzi imbonakalo yakhe. Vyborg ezinika emzini kukuvumela ukuba ubone banenkcubeko eyahluke multi-maleko, ukusekwa apha. Effect Russian,, inkcubeko German Swedish kwaye Finnish enokufunyanwa ezikhumbuzo bokwakha kakhulu umdla. Umoya lwezitrato amahasa isixeko esifana kumaxesha aphakathi, ndiziva kunyuswa utyelelo Vyborg Castle. Of umdla ezithile ezinomtsalane zendalo, amaqela engaqhelekanga oqingqiweyo ezikhumbuzo.

Vyborg nqaba

Esi sakhiwo zindala umzi - inqaba,, nangona iimvavanyo ezininzi, siyakhuselwa kakuhle kakhulu. Ukususela iindonga nqaba inika iimbono ezimangalisayo Vyborg. Indawo, idilesi leyo inokufunyanwa nayiphi ncwadana hambo, ngoku yenza kube lula ukubona onke amandla kunye netalente labazobi Swedish kunye Russian. Iindonga dolophu ubukhulu ngokumangalisayo kunye nokuchaneka wamatye, nenqaba liyalondolozwa -Rayskaya kunye bezicathulo - elihle lokwenza ukuphakama kwalo nokuba nemfezeko.

Izindlu nqaba isacholo real - uOlaf nenqaba ukuphakama phantse-50 eemitha, noseko lwalo wahlala ingaguqukanga ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-13, amacandelo eliphezulu zakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-19. Kwakhona enqabeni kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo House kwingqwayi kaThixo, abalunikelwayo kwakanye bayeka uPetros.

Clock tower

Okubonwayo aloo mzi (Vyborg) kunye nenkcazo imbali yawo - incwadi lokwenyaniso izakhiwo kunye nenkcubeko kweli lizwe. The Clock Tower nguye inqaba intsimbi, lonke ibandla St. kaMariya uOlaf, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-15. Yena engummangaliso wasinda kunye ekwaphukeni itempile umlilo 1793, yaye xa neemeko kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Emazantsi nenqaba kukho ilitye elikhulu, kwaye wotshi isebenza ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Le yenye izakhiwo zembali Vyborg amahle kakhulu.

zemvelo

Mon Repos Park - yokuhlala owayesakuba zizigwili Swedish - yenye parks landscape endala eyona intle eYurophu. It is a umxube evumelanayo emiqolombeni, amahlathi, nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha, iingxangxasi, amachibi. Dead siqithi Langa kunye inqaba zokuhombisa ibekwe phakathi elwandle kwaye yenza andinakuyilibala. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kwindlu enkulu Manor - kwisakhiwo somthi kwi isimbo lwamandulo, kwakunye ongafunanga kwithala leencwadi - umzekelo engaqhelekanga ngamaplanga ukwakhiwa usadbennoy. Ezi ngokungummangaliso ezigcinwe ukusuka kwisakhiwo-ngenkulungwane ye-18 yi zesikhumbuzo lixabiseke kakhulu.

Kummandla Vyborg kukho enye indawo zendalo ifanelwe ingqalelo - eli chibi intermountain amancinci. Lo ngumzekelo yohlobo evumelanayo ngasentla, kwaye ubuhle ye landscape kunye cwaka le ndawo okuhle ezinye aloo mzi. Kwakhona Akunakuze kubakho ithuba elihle ekulobeni.

ezikhumbuzo yezakhiwo

Vyborg abazizityebi kunye nezinye iindawo. Ezi ziquka Round Tower, ubudala enye Castle. imbonakalo yakhe laba uphawu selo umzi. Le nqaba yakhiwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-16 njengenxenye eludongeni zokuzifaka apha. Ubukhulu be izakhiwo ziimitha ezi-20, ububanzi beendonga - iimitha 4. Yeyona ngumqondo ngasentla ongasekhoyo Gothic, apho iisampulu bambalwa kakhulu eRashiya.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral - omnye umxholo Vyborg ikratshi. It Uyabahombisa imbonakalo evumelanayo Cathedral Square kwaye isakhiwo ogqibeleleyo indlela yamandulo. Lomhleli N. eLvov e ukuyila wazama lonke ukulandela imigaqo ka A. Palladio, phantse bekhuphela ekwakhiweni kwayo. Le tempile yakhiwa ngo-1786, kodwa kamva phantsi ngokutsha.

Church of St. eseshumi -. Isakhiwo Gothic kwenkulungwane ye-16, nto leyo yenye omdala esixekweni. Ibandla, eyaziwa ngokuba indlu Knight kaThixo waba etempileni, isikolo eMonastri, indlu yeendwendwe. Namhlanje kokwabo kuluhlu izinto zenkcubeko olukhuselwe ngurhulumente.

Unga kwakhona kubiza ezinomtsalane kwisixeko Vyborg, iidilesi ezifakwe kwi kwisikhokelo ngamnye ngendlela entsonkothileyo zokwakha le Cathedral Square, kwasekwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, iholo idolophu Vyborg, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-17 ngo-Neo-Renaissance isimbo, Annenkrone - neendonga ezakhiwe nguPetros Omkhulu.

Ukufumana apho

Viborg lingasentla ka St. Petersburg, kufutshane nomda eFinland. Fumana kuyo indlela elula ukusuka St. Petersburg. Oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

Ngemoto. Umgama ukusuka Saint Petersburg na km 130.

Ebhasini. Ukusuka kwisikhululo ibhasi "North" kane ngemini isiphekepheke ibhasi eya Svetlogorsk, oyekayo e Vyborg. Kwakhona, iibhasi ukubaleka ukusuka kwisikhululo metro station "Parnas". ixesha ezinika - malunga neeyure ezi-2.

Kuloliwe. Kunye Station Finland imka kathathu uloliwe ibingumhla omkhulu-speed Vyborg. ixesha ezinika - iyure-1 nemizuzu eli-15.