Unokukhetha njani ikhamera yecomputer? Amaphuzu abalulekileyo ekukhetheni ikhamera yezobugcisa

Ukufowunwa ngumsebenzi onomdla kakhulu, kusinceda sithathe ixesha elibalulekileyo kakhulu lobomi, kwaye sivakalise indlela esivakalelwa ngayo kunye nesimo sengqondo kwimifanekiso. Kwabaninzi, ukuphonsa iifoto kungumsebenzi, kunye nabanye - into yokuzilibazisa, kodwa nakweyiphi na imeko iifoto zisoloko ziyimpawu zobugcisa. Yaye ukuba unquma ukuthabatha iifoto zedijithali ezingaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, ngokokuqala kufuneka uqale ukhetha ikhamera efanelekileyo kule nto. Ekubeni iikhamera zobuchwephesha zineendleko eziphezulu, kwaye kulabo abaza kuthatha inxaxheba ngokufakela iifoto, bafuneki, ngenxa yale njongo ikona ikhamera efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akukona ukhonkco, kodwa kunoko-mbono oqaqambileyo. Kwaye ngoku uya kufumanisa ukuba kuthetha ntoni kwaye njani ukhetha ikhamera yecomputer.

Ikhamera yecandelo elinobuchule ihluke njani kwi "bhokisi yeesepha"?

Eli qela leekhamera lenzelwe abantu aba sele benamathuba ambalwa okukhetha "ibhokisi leesepha" eliqhelekileyo, kodwa ngubani ongenamagama okusebenzisa ikhamera kwiinjongo zorhwebo, oko kukuthi, sebenzela kwisitudiyo sezithombe.

Okokuqala, ikhamera ibonakaliswe ngethuba lokuhlengahlengiswa kwe-ISO, oko kukuthi, izinga lobukhulu be-matrix, ukukwazi ukulawula ukuvulwa nokukhawuleza kwe-shutter, kunye nokugxilwa komgaqo-nkqubo. Ukongeza, kwiinkhamera ezinjalo ungasetha umgca omhlophe. Kananjalo kuzo zonke iikhamera ezinomgangatho oqhelekileyo, ngokungafani neebhokisi "zeebhokisi zeesepha" eziqhelekileyo, kukho ukuguqula i-lens. Esinye seziganeko ezinqumlekileyo ekunqumeni ukuba yeyiphi ikhamera ye-semiprofessional yokukhetha kukhetho lwama-lens kwanoma yimuphi umqondiso ovelisa ikhamera. Ukukhethwa kwekhamera kuxhomekeke kwindlela ububanzi bezithuthi ze-optics kusekhompilini ethile kwaye kangakanani le nto i-optics ifumaneka kumthengi.

Yintoni i-ISO, isivinini se-shutter kunye nokuvula?

Ukuba ufuna ukubandakanya ubugcisa bezithombe kwaye awukaze ufumane ezi ngcamango, ngoko kufuneka ufune ukuba uyintoni. I-ISO - le nqanaba le-photoensitivity ye -matrix yekhamera. Ukuphakama kwexabiso, ukuphakanyiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa kwixabiso eliphakamileyo kukho imisindo (ubukho bamachaphaza amaninzi kwiifoto). Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuphepha ixabiso le-ISO eliphezulu xa kunokwenzeka xa kunokwenzeka ukukhanya okwaneleyo, ukuhlawulela ukukhanya okuphantsi ngenxa yokwandisa ukukhanya. Ngaphambi kokukhetha ikhamera yezobugcisa kunye nokugqiba isigqibo sokuba uya kuthenga le modeli ethile, ukuba kunokwenzeka, jonga kwimifanekiso ethathwe ngolu hlobo lwekhamera ene-ISO ephakamileyo, ukuvavanya izinga lesandi kwisithombe.

Ukucacisa yimalini yeso sihlandlo esiya kuvulwa phakathi kwe-lens kunye ne-matrix yekhamera. Eli thuba lixesha linokuluhlula kumacandelo amaninzi okwesibini ukuya kumasekhondi ambalwa. Ukususela ekuhlaleni kuxhomekeke kwisibalo sokukhanya esiza kuba nexesha lokufikelela kwi-matrix. Kodwa ixesha elide kakhulu lingakhokelela kwisithombe esicacileyo, ukuphepha oku kuyinqweneleka ukusebenzisa i-tripod.

Isifowuni yisisombululo kwiseli, equkethe iipalali. Iyakwazi ukuvula nokufihla. Ngentsimbi evulekile, ilanga elingi lingene kwisibilini, ngoko unokubeka isantya esifutshane. Kwakhona, kuxhomekeka kwindlela evulekileyo ngayo isicacisi, ubunzulu bendawo buxhomekeke (GRIP). Ukuba uvula luvulekile, ubunzulu bebala buya kuba buncinci, ukuba lukhutshwe-ngaphezulu.

Iimpawu zekhamera ye-SLR

Izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi "SLRs" ziinkhamera ezisebenzisa isibuko kumadivayisi abo, esicacileyo kwisihloko. Kubekwa phambi kwe-matrix kwinqanaba lama-degrees angamashumi amane anesihlanu kwaye isebenza ukulungiswa komfanekiso ukusuka kwilenki ngqo kwi-viewfinder, okhangele kuyo. Lo mfanekiso uphendulelwe, ngoko kwindlela yokuklanywa kweekhamera ze-SLR kukho kwakhona i-pentaprism ejika umfanekiso oboniswa kwisibuko.

Kwakhona kwiikhamera ze-SLR kukho imodeli ye "LiveTV", ekuvumela ukuba ubonise umfanekiso kwisikrini sekhamera. Ukuba awuhlose ukusebenzisa i-viewfinder ye-optical, kuba kulula ngakumbi ukuba uthathe imifanekiso, ugxile kwisikrini, isibuko kwikhamera asinakuyenza nayiphi na imisebenzi.

Iinkampani ezininzi zibandakanya ukuveliswa kweekhamera ezinjalo, ezona ziwayo zi "Canon" kunye ne "Nikon". Impendulo kumbuzo wekhamera ye-SLR engumsebenzi oza kuwukhetha, iya kuxhomekeka kumandla akho emali kunye nokuthandayo kunye nokukhetha. Xa ukhetha ikhamera, khokelwa yindlela ekulungele ngayo esandleni, indlela elula ngayo imenyu kunye nendawo yeenkinobho, njl. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho wemifanekiso. Unokwenza izibhengezo zokuvavanya ezimbini ukusuka kwiinkhamera ezahlukeneyo kwivenkile, uze ukhangele kwesikrini esikhulu, okungcono. Kwibonakaliso ekwakhiweyo kwekhamera, kunzima ukuvavanya umgangatho wemifanekiso.

IiKhamera zeNkqubo

Inkqubo (okanye, njengoko zibizwa kwakhona, izibuko) iikhamera ezingenayo iirayi kunye ne-pentaprism, ngokulandelanayo, akukho sibhengezo sokubonakalayo. Ivela "kwi-soap" elula kakhulu ezinjalo iikhamera zibonakaliswa kubukho bazo zonke izicwangciso zencwadi, ithuba lokutshintsha i-lens, ubungakanani obukhulu bomzimba we-matrix. Kuvela kulobukhulu ukuba umgangatho wezithombe uxhomekeke kuyo. Ikhudlwana i-matrix, imifanekiso engcono kakhulu ongayifumana ekukhanyeni okuphantsi, ingxolo engaphantsi. Ngoko ke, nangona ukhetha ibhokisi yeesepha, okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuhlawula ingqalelo kungekhona kwinani lamapixixel, kodwa kubungakanani bobukhulu be-matrix okanye i-crop factor. I-Crop factor ixabiso elibonisa ukuba ubungakanani beli matrik ncinane kunobungakanani befom epheleleyo (35x24 mm). Umzekelo, isityalo sesi-2 sithetha ukuba i-matrix esetyenziswe kule khamera isiqingatha sobukhulu besakhelo esipheleleyo. Ngethuba lethu, iikhamera ezineziganeko ezipheleleyo eziqhelekileyo zingabonakali kwaye zinobugcisa, ngaphezu koko, zinexabiso eliphezulu.

Kwiinkqubo zeekhamera, i-matrix isetyenziswa kakhulu ngobukhulu be-17.3x13 mm, e-3x4 intshi. I-Crop factor is two. I-matrix encinane esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo nge-croping factor ye-1.5, oko kukuthi, ubungakanani obufanayo kunye neekhamera ze-SLR. Iikhamera ezinama matrices anjalo ziveliswa ngu-Sony, omnye wabakhiqizi abadumileyo beekhamera ezingenakuso.

Kwakhona abenzi abaninzi abadumileyo beekhamera ezingenakubukwa yi-Olympus ne-Panasonic.

ZeZindlu

Ekubeni ukhetha ikhamera yezobugcisa ofuna ukulungelelanisa nokuphakamileyo, kufuneka uqaphele umgangatho weplastiki, apho umzimba wenza khona. Kwakhona ityala linokuba yinyithi - libhetele ngakumbi. Ngaphandle kokujonga ikhamera kwisitolo kufuneka ucinezele onke amaqhosha ukuze uqinisekise ukuba asebenza kakuhle kwaye akayi kucima.

Ekubeni ukhetha ikhamera yecandelo elinobuchule ngumsebenzi onoxanduva, unokufumana impendulo yomsebenzisi malunga nomzekelo othile wekhamera onomdla kuyo (ngaphambi kokuthenga).

Hlola umatshini wekhamera ngaphambi kokuwuthenga

Ngoku sele uyayazi indlela yokukhetha kakuhle ikhamera yecandelo elinesibini, kwaye ungaya esitolo. Xa usuvele ubukele umzekelo oyithandayo, uhlolisise umgangatho wendibano yayo, uhlala uqhuba olunye uvavanyo oluncinci - ukujonga i-matrix yekhamera ngokufumaneka kwamaphikseli aphukile kunye ashushu. Ephukile - ezo pixel ezingasebenzi kwaye aziphenduli ekukhanyeni ngamacatshana amhlophe. Ukutshisa - kunye neepekseli eziphosakeleyo, apho lonke ixesha lihlala lithile uhlobo lombala othile.

Ukujonga, kufuneka ucime i-flash, vala ikhamera yekhamera kwaye uthathe imifanekiso emibini kwiimpawu zokuvala ezihlukeneyo. Le nkqubo mayibekwe kwi-ISO encinci, isisombululo esiphezulu somfanekiso, kwaye umsebenzi wokunciphisa ingxolo ukhubazekile. Ngoku ufanele ubone le mizobo kwi-monitor enkulu.

Ukuba kukho amachaphaza emibala eyahlukileyo kwisithombeni - i-matrix enqabileyo, kuba le yileyiphikseli eshushu kunye nephukile. Baya kuba khona kuzo zonke iifoto ezithathiweyo kunye nekhamera, ngokukodwa ezingathandekiyo ukuba ziphakathi. Ukuba ifoto imnyama ngokupheleleyo, ungayifumana ngokukhuselekileyo le khophi.