"I-Golden Key" - kwinoveli okanye ibali? Uhlalutyo yomsebenzi "The Golden Key" yi A. uN Tolstogo

Akekho umntu ukhumbula ukuba Alexei Tolstoi ukuba kuhlelwe ukudala amabali ezizimeleyo, kwaye wayefuna ukuba kuguqula Russian nentsomi yombhali Italian uCarlo Collodi, ekuthiwa "The Adventures of Pinocchio. Story unodoli ngamaplanga. " iqashiso yoncwadi ixesha elichithwa kuyo, ukumisela ukuba ngowuphi na uhlobo ziquka "The Golden Key" (inoveli okanye ibali elifutshane). umsebenzi isimanga impikiswano, ukoyisa ezininzi abatsha, kunye nabafundi abadala yayibhalwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kodwa hayi yonke into yahamba ngokutyibilikayo savela ukuba indalo yayo.

Siyazi imisebenzi indlela ezahlukeneyo noAleksei Tolstoy. Tale "The Golden Key" kangangexesha elithile, ubomi umsebenzi - umbhali buyisela kwezinye iiprojekthi. Ukubuyela tale Italian, ugqiba nje translate ibe ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe, kodwa kwakhona ukuncedisa iingcinga zenu kunye neminqweno. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, ihlabathi wabona omnye umsebenzi entle umbhali, ezaziwayo umfundi Russian ebizwa ngokuba "Golden Key". Uhlalutyo yakhe sizama ukwenza.

Umbhali multi-amaninzi

Alexey Tolstoy yaziwa yokusebenza kwakhe; yena wabhala umbongo, kudlala, izikripthi, amabali kunye neenoveli, amanqaku journalistic, ukwenza naphaya zoncwadi ngayo iintsomi kunye okuninzi, ngakumbi. Izifundo yomsebenzi wakhe uyazi akukho imida. Umzekelo, kwi imisebenzi malunga nobomi yezikhulu badla umkhondo indumiso Bolshevism - nemibono yayo ibonakala umbhali inyaniso ethandwayo ngaphezulu. I inoveli engagqitywanga "Peter I» Tolstoy undigxeka uzwilakhe ngenkohlakalo urhulumente loHlaziyo. Kwaye yesayensi inoveli "Aelita" yaye "Le hyperboloid of Engineer Garin" yena ibalaselisa amandla yemfundo, ukukhanyiselwa kwaye ucula ukuthula.

Xa kukho iimbambano athetha "Key Golden" - ibali, okanye ibali, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukunika impendulo ecacileyo. Ngapha koko, le tale iqulathe imiqondiso yaye, kunye nezinye iintlobo. A ihlabathi etsomo kunye nabalinganiswa nzima ngxaki. Nangaphandle kwamathandabuzo enye into: eli bali yenye intle kwihlabathi zoncwadi isebenza abantwana.

Incwadi yokuqala "Pinocchio"

Italian C. Collodi kuqala yapapashwa ngantsomi yakhe "The Adventures of Pinocchio. Ibali iphaphethi omnye "ngo-1883. Sele 1906 ukuba yaguqulelwa Russian yhazi, lowu kandziyisiweke "igama ngokunyanisekileyo." Kufuneka kuphazanyiswa kwaye ukucacisa ukuba kwintshayelelo ukuya uhlelo lokuqala (leyo 1935) Alexei Tolstoy wabhala ukuba weva eli bali njengomntwana, kwaye xa ukubalisa ngayo, beze adventures omtsha ngexesha ngalinye kunye nesiphelo. Mhlawumbi izimvo wenza ukuchaza izilungiso copyright ezininzi kunye notshintsho tale.

Ngoxa elubhacweni, kwi eBerlin indlwana "Izolo" kunye umbhali Peter N. Tolstoy wapapasha incwadi ethi 'The Adventures of Pinocchio ". Eneneni kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba inguqulelo yokuqala nentsomi Collodi kaThixo. Wooden umfana uya lukhulu weembandezelo, kwaye ekupheleni lasentsomini kunye iinwele ababhulowu ukusuka zokweyelisela eyonqenayo esenza sibe umntwana abathobelayo.

Imvumelwano yokubhalwa mdlalo

Kamva, xa uTolstoy wayesele wabuyela eRashiya yaye akazange abhale umsebenzi omnye, wajika wabuyela kwisicatshulwa. Old-lixesha kwaye theka umbhali yokuqala akavumelekanga ukuba enze utshintsho yabo, hayi nje kuphela kweli bali, kodwa imifanekiso abalinganiswa abaphambili. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wada waya kubuzisa Olesha kunye S. Marshak kubhala ngayo ibali lakho ezizimeleyo.

Emva ngo-1933, uTolstoy asayina isivumelwano "Detgiz" yophuhliso ngumbhalo adventures Pinocchio on kwincwadi yakhe, eyapapashwa eBerlin. Kodwa ukusebenza "Indlela eKalvari" namanje ungavumeli ukubaleka. iziganeko kuphela yeengxaki badlula ngenxa a Tolstoy yesifo sentliziyo babuyele emsebenzini ekukhanyeni kwaye ilula-ithambileyo ngantsomi.

Pinocchio and Pinocchio?

Ngowe-1935, umbhali udale elihle luncedo kakhulu ngokubhekiselele zelifa lenkcubeko ngumntu wasentsomini - "Golden Key" (ibali okanye ibali, iya kucaca kamva). Xa kuthelekiswa ne Adventures yokuqala Pinocchio kakhulu ezinomdla kakhulu kwaye yokuqala. Umntwana, Kakade, asiyi kuba nako ukufunda subtext, awamnika sona Tolstoy ngantsomi. Zonke ezi Amacebo abadala baziqhelanisa malyshni wakhe Pinocchio, Malvina, Karabas noyise Carlo.

Uyadika, akhawunti moralistic umbhali imbali Collodi ngokupheleleyo bangezi A. N. Tolstogo. Sinokuthi sentsomi "The Golden Key, okanye Adventures of Pinocchio" kuphela olubhaliweyo lusekelwe C. Collodi. UTolstoy bekuyimfuneko ukubonisa abaselula ububele bafundi nokuxhasana, inkolelo nekamva eliqaqambileyo, imfuneko yemfundo, njalo njalo ke okona kubalulekileyo - .. Zisa imfesane indlela yabalulamileyo (onopopi ukusuka theatre Carabas) kunye nentiyo yabacinezeli (Karabas kunye Duremar). Ngenxa yoko, i "Golden Key" (ibali okanye ibali, kusafuneka sizame ukuqonda) kujike kube enkulu yimpumelelo Tolstoy.

lwendaba

Kakade ke, simele sikhumbule ukuba ibali isixelela ngendlela Pinocchio kunye nopopi namanye ibe phambi villains: Karabas, cat kaBasilio kunye fox Alice Duremara kunye nezinye nabameli nabasemagunyeni lango Amazwe. Umzabalazo yenzelwe isitshixo segolide evula umnyango kwelinye izwe. ngokuphindaphindiweyo uTolstoy wadala iindinyana multi-sixhobo sekhombuya esinee - ngokubalisa befunda iziganeko okunene kakhulu ucazululo olunzulu into eyenzekayo. Nguwo lowo umqondiso kuzo imisebenzi yakhe. Le Key Golden ukuya Pinocchio ubaba Carlo - inkululeko, ubulungisa kunye nethuba lokuba bonke ukunceda abanye babe ngcono abafundiswe kangcono. Kodwa Karabas kunye nabahlobo bakhe - ". Abahlelelekileyo yobuyatha 'njengophawu amandla ubutyebi, Yimbonakaliso yokubhuqwa

kuqamba fairytale

Umbhali uyavelana ngokucacileyo with "nemikhosi yokukhanya." abalinganiswa ezimbi sinika satirical, bahlekisa zonke umnqweno wabo ukuxhaphaza amahlwempu ezilungileyo-natured. Uchaza kwezinye ngokweenkcukacha indlela yobomi Kwilizwe Abamathileyo, ukuveza isiphelo "amandla semihvostoy ukushaya" ekhwaza kwi nobuntu kunye nobubele. Le nkcazelo ngayo kubomi ngokucace kangaka nangokweemvakalelo, ukuba bonke abantwana sivelane ngokwenene adventures Pinocchio.

Kuyinto sisincoko enjalo kusivumela ukuba bakholelwa malunga "The Golden Key" - kwinoveli okanye ibali elifutshane, kwaye kwacaca ukuba zonke iifitsha ezichazwe kokwakhiwa umsebenzi Uphawu zoncwadi ebalini.

imifanekiso myalelo Tolstoy

Yintoni enye into eyenza kube lula ukuphendula umbuzo othi: "Golden Key" - a novella okanye ibali elifutshane "Umbhali ibhekisela ngokuba" The Adventures of Pinocchio "bali-tale nto yena ichaza iziganeko ngosuku olunye, kwaye inyathelo ithatha indawo kwilizwe lonke, ukusuka kwidolophu encinane kunxweme lolwandle ?. ehlathini, apho kudibana zombini okulungileyo kwaye njalo abahambi kwi yinkangala Ziyatha amazwe and more ...

Ezendeleyo imveliso kunye nezinye iimpawu lobuciko. Ngoko ke, bonke abalinganiswa zichazwe kakuhle kakhulu. Ukususela ukukhankanywa yokuqala ukuqonda, ubuntu obuhle okanye hayi. Zokweyelisela Pinocchio, leyo xa uqala - kwaye isiqwenga yokugula-imikhuba emibi iinkuni, kukho ngqindilili kunye inkwenkwe nje. Waba nathi kumxube akhabayo kunye navumelanayo, ngokungathi ukukhumbula ukuba bonke abantu abafezekanga. Thina siyamthanda nje kuphela luck olukhulu - uTolstoy waba nako ukubonisa ukuba bonke bayawa, ukwenza ukuba kukunyaba ngqiqweni kwaye bazama ukubaleka kolunye uxanduva. Ayikho yabantu yayintsha amagorha nentsomi "The Golden Key, okanye Adventures of Pinocchio".

Malvina unodoli ngobuhle bayo yonke nobunyulu ngokomoya pretty ekruqulayo. umnqweno wayo yonke ukufundisa ngokucacileyo kwaye sifundise ibonisa ukuba akukho manyathelo zokunyanzelisa akakwazi ukunyanzela umntu ukuba ukufunda into. Ukuze wenze oku, kuphela umnqweno yangaphakathi kunye nokuqonda intsingiselo wemfundo.

izaphuli funny

Technique ibali ehlekisayo A. N. Tolstogo "Golden Key" lisetyenziswa ukuchaza abalinganiswa ezimbi. Uvuthondaba, nelisebenza zonke yencoko kaBasilio Cat Alice kunye iimpungutye ukusuka ekuqaleni kwenza kucace indlela okuncinci kude ezi-mthetho. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imifanekiso yabacinezeli kwi sentsomi "The Golden Key, okanye Adventures of Pinocchio" isizathu kunokuba ubuso ehexisayo ngaphezu umsindo. Umbhali uzama ukubonisa abantwana ukuba ulele, umsindo, ukubawa, ukunyoluka - ukuba nje izinto ezimbi; zonke ezi mpawu kukhokelela ekubeni umntu ufumana iimeko usileyo, afune ukulimaza omnye.

Nengcindezelo ngaphandle kobudlova

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba enobuntu ngokupheleleyo yaye uxolo nentsomi - "The Golden Key, okanye Adventures of Pinocchio". Enye spiel inkwenkwe yomthi indawo ngomnye, kodwa akukho ukufa okanye ubundlobongela. Karabas Barabas uAlesandire kuphela isabhokhwe yakhe, cat and fox pretty etyeni Pinocchio oxhonywe emthini, inkundla igqiba Abamathileyo Country inkwenkwe yesohlwayo - kutshatyalaliswa kumgxobhozo. Kodwa wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umthi (njengoko Pinocchio - kusenjalo isijungqe iinkuni) Kufuneka ixesha elininzi lokuba ukutshona. Zonke ezi zenzo zobundlobongela kubonakala engenangqondo eyinqaba, nto engaphaya.

Kwaye ekrwitshiweyo Artemon ibuzi Shushary ukhankanywa ekudluliseleni kule episode ungafaki aksenti. Xa ukulwa okulungileyo Pinocchio Karabas inkwenkwe ogqiba, kuqhina ugqirha Sciences unopopi ngeendevu emthini. Oku kunika umfundi ngumhlaba lokuyijonga, kukhuthaza nayiphi meko izisombululo engenabungozi kodwa acacile.

Rascal - injini inkqubela

Tale "The Golden Key, okanye Adventures of Pinocchio" ubonisa ukuba umfundi ukuba umntwana ekuqaleni ukwazi kunye noko amnye ebantwini. Kule ncwadi, Tolstoy Pinocchio - kuyo nayiphi na imeko akukho yevila Ivila (njengoko Pinocchio e Collodi), phezu koko, yena namandla kakhulu kwaye ukwazi. Yiyo le inzala kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, kwaye ligxininisa yombhali. Ewe, kaninzi umntwana iwela beziphethe kakubi (cat kaBasilio kunye fox Alice), kodwa abantu abadala ukuchaza kwaye babonise imibala eqaqambileyo zobomi (kunye nofudo olumkileyo endala Tortilla Pinocchio evula amehlo akhe ukuba ngubani kuye - umhlobo, ngubani - utshaba).

Nguwo lo mkhuba wokuyila Alekseya Tolstogo. Tale "The Golden Key" enyanisweni - umsebenzi efundisayo kakhulu kwaye kakhulu. Kodwa ubulula kunye nesimbo yeeseti ezikhethiweyo ukuvumela nathi mnye umoya ukufunda yonke into ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya mabakhavarishe ze benze nezigqibo kakhulu aqinisekileyo ngayo okulungileyo nokubi.