"UMorris Worm": imbali ukuvela kwentsholongwane, umgaqo amanyathelo kunye umdla facts

America ndabanda xa yesibini ngoNovemba 1988 phantse kuzo zonke iikhompyutha kwafuneka ukufikelela kwi-intanethi (eMelika), malunga nentsimbi yesibhozo kusasa, njengoko bathi, "u ntshunxekile." Okokuqala, oko kubangelwa ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwinkqubo yamandla. Kodwa ke, xa kukho bhubhane okubangelwa i "Morris Worm", kwacaca ukuba iiclamps bahlaselwa elingaziwa ngexesha inkqubo eziqulathe ikhowudi ukuba ayikwazi ukuba imali ekhoyo ekufundeni. Akukho nto! Ngoxa iikhompyutha udityanisiwe kwi Internet, ababalwayo kuphela amashumi amawaka (malunga nama-65,000 ezinjengeetheminali) nokuba azilawule kwiindawo ezininzi zimelwe kwizangqa okanye urhulumente urhulumente.

Virus "uMorris Worm": ntoni na?

Intsholongwane le hlobo yaba yeyokuqala elolu hlobo. Yaba nguye owaba ongukhokho wazo zonke ezinye iinkqubo ezicacileyo zolu hlobo, nto leyo namhlanje yahlukile eliphuma anele.

Robert Morris "umbungu" wadala zabo, nkqu ukwazi oko kuthandwa uya kuphumelela na, oluhlobo luni na umonakalo ingenza uqoqosho. Ngokubanzi, njengoko kukholelwa oko, njengoko bathi, unomdla nje zemidlalo. Kodwa enyanisweni kwintshayelelo uthungelwano APRANET ngoko somhlaba, ngokuzenzekelayo, athe afakelwa apho, kunye norhulumente kunye nemibutho zomkhosi, kuye kwabangela Njengokungeniswa enjalo ukusuka apho America ayikwazanga ukufunyanwa ixesha elide. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi zokuqala, intsholongwane yekhompyutha "Morris umbungu" sabangela umonakalo ezinye US $ 96,5 yezigidi (kwaye oko nje imali, eyaziwa kwimithombo elisemthethweni). Ezi zixa eboniswe ngasentla, kuba esemthethweni. Ke loo nto iyaziwa, mhlawumbi, kwaye phantsi kubhengezo.

Ngumdali lwegciwane yekhompyutha "Morris Worm" URobert Morris: iinyaniso ezimbalwa ukusuka biography

Kwaoko umbuzo ukuba ngubani lo wenkqubo misebenzi, ngubani kulawulwa iintsuku ezimbalwa kusingcangcazelise inkqubo yekhompyutha kwelizwekazi North American.

Ubomi abamthandayo "Wikipedia" libonisa ukuba ngelo xesha, uRobert wayengumfundi kwesidanga University, R. T. Morrisa (ngengozi okanye ndenzile?), Kwi-Faculty of Computer Engineering.

Imbali yokudalwa kunye ukuvela kwentsholongwane

Kukholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni kule ntsholongwane akazange ayiqulathanga naluphi na izoyikiso. Fred Cohen wafunda "Morris impethu" ngokusekelwe izibalo bakhe iikhowudi amabi, bafumana i phawu umdla. Kwacaca ukuba le yinkqubo ngolunya.

"Worm uMorris" (nangona namhlanje kucingwa ukuba yintsholongwane kunye yokufayilisha ntlanu) ekuqaleni wadala njengendlela lokulingwa ngokusekelwe "intranet" iinkqubo semngciphekweni (Akumangalisi ukuba ubunzima abasebenzisi APRANET kuqala).

Njengoko le ntsholongwane kuchaphazela inkqubo yekhompyutha

Sam Robert Morris (ababhali virus) ngandlela zonke ukuzama kude ngokwayo kwimiphumo okubangelwa "ngudoqo 'yakhe eUnited States, esithi ukuba ukwanda network kwavusa impazamo ikhowudi ye-nkqubo. Sisazi ukuba imfundo awalufumana eyunivesithi, ingakumbi kwi-Faculty of Computer Science, oku kunzima ukuyamkela.

Ngoko ke, lo kuthiwa-"Worm Morris" ekuqaleni ingqalelo le iimbalelwano unxibelelwano phakathi kwemibutho ezinkulu (kubandakanywa norhulumente kunye nomkhosi). Ndandisithi ukuba ukuqinisekisa ifuthe, endaweni umbhalo wokuqala kwileta ethunyelwe kuthungelwano ngoko APRANET, esusa iiheader kwaye imo debug okanye uxhaso kuphuphuma inkonzo fingerd-network Sendmail. Inxalenye yokuqala yale ncwadi iqulethe ikhowudi entsha, yadibanisa ngolu terminal kude, kwaye elesithathu wayebunjwa mnye code yokubini, kodwa naphaya kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha ezahlukeneyo.

Ngaphezu koko, iye yasetyenziswa isixhobo okhethekileyo ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe amagama umsebenzisi kunye passwords ngokusebenzisa kubulawa inkqubo ufikelelo olusisiseko (rexec), kwakunye yeqokobhe (rsh) umnxeba ekude, leyo kwinqanaba yomyalelo ebizwa ngokuba "indlela trust 'ezisetyenziswayo (ngoku oluxhomekeke ngokuqhelekileyo ne certificates).

Velocity of andise

Njengoko kuvela, umdali ntsholongwane wayengengomntu osisiyatha. Lowo ngoko nangoko ndaqonda ukuba elide ikhowudi, liba lide intsholongwane yaziswa kwinkqubo. Kungenxa yoko le nto 'Worm ezaziwayo-kakuhle Morris "iqulethe okubini encinci (kodwa oluqokolelweyo) ngokulandelelana.

Ngenxa oku, yaye wayelapho boom enye, nto leyo ngoku kwinqanaba yeenkonzo zobuntlola karhulumente ngenxa yesizathu esithile wagqiba nelokuthula tu, nangona umngcipheko kwi ikopi ngokwayo saa phantse ngokucacileyo (zonke ikopi yale ntsholongwane unako ukudala ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu oontanga zabo).

umonakalo

Akukho namnye, kunjalo, akuthethi cinga ngento umonakalo ezinokubangelwa kwinkqubo yokhuseleko efanayo. Apha ingxaki, gxebe, nto kukodwa yintsholongwane ikhompyutha "Morris Worm". Inyaniso kukuba ekuqaleni kwii kwentsholongwane ukuya terminal umsebenzisi kwafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nkqubo iqulethe ikopi. Ukuba ikhona, intsholongwane washiya imoto yedwa. Ngenye indlela - ukuba wazisa kwinkqubo waza wadala Clone kuwo onke amanqanaba ukusebenzisa nokulawula. Oku kwakunjalo yonke indlela yokusebenza xa iyonke, wammisa iinkqubo isiko kunye nezicelo okanye applets.

Lo mzobo esemthethweni, ngokuba US Department of (malunga nama-96-98 izigidi zeerandi ezixabisa umonakalo), nto phantsi ngokucacileyo. Ukuba ukhangela kwiintsuku zokuqala ezintathu kuphela, kuye zomyalelo 94,6 million). Ukutyhubela Kwiintsuku ezilandelayo, isixa azonakalanga kangako, kodwa abasebenzisi eziqhelekileyo echaphazelekayo (oku ke ucofe esemthethweni kunye US Department of cwaka). Kakade ke, lo gama inani iikhompyutha aqhagamshelwe kwi web ehlabathini, kwaba nama-65,000 e-US, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ubunzima phantse yonke terminal wesine.

imiphumela

Asinto kunzima ukuthelekelela ukuba ngumongo impembelelo kukuqinisekisa ukuba bazisunduze ngokupheleleyo inkqubo intsebenzo kwinqanaba ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo. Isikakhulu libhekisela womnatha unxulumano.

Le ntsholongwane kwimeko kwecacileyo, ukudala iikopi zabo kwaye abakhwetha ukuphehlelelwa iinkqubo ukuzenza iinkonzo system (ngoku ukubaleka njengokuba umphathi kuluhlu kwinkqubo "Umphathi Task"). Kwaye ukuba asuse isisongelo akusoloko kusenzeka kolu luhlu. Ngoko ke, xa kugqitywe iinkqubo ezinxulumene nenkqubo kunye yomsebenzisi, simele senze ngononophelo obukhulu.

A Morris?

"UMorris Worm" kunye umdali wayo ngomzuzu va kakuhle kakhulu. Le ntsholongwane imigudu iinkampani antivirus efanayo bodwa ngempumelelo ngenxa yokuba ikhowudi yemvelaphi, apho ezibhaliweyo applet.

UMorris ngo-2008, wamemezela ukukhululwa Arc zolwimi ngokusekelwe "Imilebe", yaye ngo-2010 ukhethwe umnini kunye negama Weiser Award.

Hi ndlela leyi, enye into ebangel 'umdla kukuba umtshutshisi woluntu Mark Rasch wafumanisa ukuba lwentsholongwane abakhubazeke iikhompyutha ezininzi ngokunyanzela ngokucima, kodwa sekunjalo akazange abangele ukuba abasebenzisi data ngabom nawuphi na umgangatho umonakalo, kuba ekuqaleni kwakungekho iinkqubo entshabalalo, kwaye uzama ukuqinisekisa ubukho uphazamiseko kulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lweenkqubo ezikhoyo. Kuthelekiswa ekuqaleni yintoni ohlaselayo (azinikela ngokuzithandela kwabasemagunyeni), wamsongela ejele ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu kunye omhle 250 lamawaka eerandi, wabaleka kunye iminyaka emithathu yokulingwa, isohlwayo wamawaka 10 zeerandi kunye neeyure 400 yenkonzo yoluntu. Zingaphi amagqwetha bavakalelwa kukuba (ngasendleleni, langoku) ixesha bububhanxa.

iziphumo eziliqela

Kakade ke, namhlanje ukoyika usongo olunjalo, leyo nisaqala nucleation kwezixhobo zekhompyutha emelwe "yintsholongwane uMorris" Kambe ke, akukho mfuneko.

Kodwa yintoni na umdla. Kukholelwa ukuba ifuthe ikhodi zixhomekeke kakhulu of Windows. Kwaye ke ngesiquphe kwenzeka ukuba umzimba intsholongwane ekuqaleni for UNIX-based. Kuthetha ntoni oku? Ewe, kanye oko abanikazi Linux and Mac OS, nto leyo obusekwe phezu kweqonga Unix, ngoku lixesha lokuba ukulungiselela ulungiso (nangona kukholelwa ukuba iintsholongwane kwezi ezisebenzayo iinkqubo azichaphazeleki konke konke, kuba ukuba azibhalwanga). Oku kulapho abasebenzisi abaninzi "poppy" yaye "abasebenzisi Linux" kakhulu bayaphazama.

Njengoko kuvela, nkqu kwizixhobo mobile iOS kokwenza ezinye izisongelo (kuquka i "Morris umbungu") waqalisa ukuba bawuzame. Okokuqala, oko isibhengezo, uze emva koko - ukuba isoftwe engafunwayo, kwaye ke ... - nkqubo ungqubano. Apha yezimo kwaye wacinga. Kodwa ke imvelaphi yayo yonke kumi umfundi onesidanga, wenza impazamo kwindawo yayo inkqubo-tester, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela into ebizwa ukuba iintshulube computer namhlanje. Kwaye baziwa, yaye makusetyenziswe imigaqo yokuba sesichengeni kwiinkqubo eziliqela ezahlukeneyo.

Ngandlel 'ithile, iintsholongwane ezinjalo kubathengisi (spyware), inkqubo leyo lolayisho nje kuphela, kodwa ukongezelela onke amagama okugqitha ezibiweyo ukufikelela kwiziza, ukungena, PIN-neekhowudi ze ngetyala okanye debit amakhadi, yaye uThixo uyazi ukuba, njengokuba ungumsebenzisi eqhelekileyo ayikwazi nkqu ndiyaqikelela. Ngokubanzi, ifuthe lale ntsholongwane kunye nabanye abafana naye ngeli nqanaba lophuhliso zobugcisa computer naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo emibi kakhulu, nkqu iindlela ezininzi mihla yokhuseleko. Kwaye nxamnye iimpethu computer kufuneka efanayo.

Nantso ibali eyonwabisayo engaqhelekanga kangangokuba ongayi kulityalwa ixesha elide. Umdla kwaye uphephe ejinga kuthungelwano - ngaphandle ukubiwa data, sithwalisa inkqubo kunye naluphi spyware efana "Morris umbungu"!