Umntwana ukuba athethe kwiminyaka emi-2. Xa uqala bangaphi abantwana ukuba ukuthetha ngayo? Xa umntwana uthi igama lokuqala?

Kuthekani ukuba umntwana ukuthetha iminyaka emi-2? Indlela ukuphendula kubazali? Ingaba iindlela kukho uqeqesho ejoliswe kuphuhliso intetho? Xa umntwana uthi igama lokuqala? zizinto iingcali? Funda ngayo kweli nqaku.

Xa uqala bangaphi abantwana ukuba ukuthetha ngayo?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana ngokuzithemba ukubiza amagama alula: "ukunika", "umama", "mfazi", "utata". Eli lixesha xa umntwana ethetha ilizwi lakhe lokuqala, nokuba isole. Iminyaka emibini enesiqingatha umntwana bekumele ukugcwalisa alwaneli kuzalisela isigama sakho, kodwa bafunda ukubeka indlela amazwi izivakalisi ezilula: "! Makhe nebhere", "Makhe siye ngumoya!", "Thenga ibhola!", Njl "Ndinike ipeni!" . n. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba umntwana ominyaka 2 akathethi konke konke, okanye sophawu, eqondakalayo kuphela umama izandi? Kutheni umntwana 'umlomo isidudu "xa oontanga bakhe sele ngokupheleleyo' abalozayo?" Hayi ke, kule meko malunga backwardness ethile, okanye cwaka enjalo ilukhuni - inkalo ethile? Kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - indlela yokufundisa kid lifikelele kwiminyaka emibini-emithathu ubudala, ukuba ukuthetha?

cwaka Oonobangela

Izizathu zokuba umntwana ominyaka 2 ayitsho kakhulu.

1. Ekubulaleni kwetyala. Xa mixture akulungile ukuva, ngoko, ngokulandelelana, yena nabanye uya akukhathalwa embi. Kwiimeko kakhulu ngakumbi (kubandakanywa yokungeva ngeendlebe), itakane akakwazi ukuthetha kwaphela okanye sinokuwagqwetha izandi namagama ngokubanzi.

2. Yofuzo. Ukuba, umzekelo, bona wathetha ilizwi lokuqala stroke kade, ukuba umntwana akhohlwe kukuthetha, akukho nto engaqhelekanga kwiminyaka-2. Nangona, ukuba usana kunye kwiminyaka emithathu kakuhle izivakalisi ezilula, ukuba ukhathazeke kwaye bahlole umntwana.

3. Buthathaka umzimba. Prematurity okanye ukugula kakhulu, umzekelo, inokuba kungabangela ukulibaziseka emuncu (uphuhliso) e-nervous system, yaye ngenxa yoko le ntetho ngokwayo.

4. Hypoxia.

5. Trauma (at t. H. Kwaye generic).

6. ukunxila Severe.

7. Kukothuka.

8. Ukuhlinza.

9. uqeqesho engafanelekanga (umzekelo, ilungelo ngokugqithiseleyo xa iminqweno umntwana nje ukulindela).

10. izifo Developmental ngokubanzi.

Phakathi kwabazali kukho amarhe ukuba amantombazane aqala kusolwa ukuba bahambe ze uthethe ngaphambi amakhwenkwe. Enyanisweni, lo mbono akanayo isiqinisekiso esifanelekileyo. Kuyenzeka ukuba umntwana akafuni ukuthetha kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, size ke ngesiquphe "ikhefu" kwi yonke, zabuya ngokuchanekileyo isiphakamiso. Ukuba umntwana wazi kakuhle ukuba abazali exelelwe kunye engqongileyo yaye nkqu nokwenza eminye imiyalelo elula ( "kuza", "ukuthatha", "ukuba", "kuhlala", njalo njalo), ngoko ke 'exhaleni, mhlawumbi, ngayo.

intetho asebenzayo kufika ngequbuliso

Ukuba itakane ngowakho, kwaye ephinda amazwi uthi, oko akuthethi akuthethi ukuba okunene iwafunda. Musa ungandithuthumbisi, musa ukundinyanzela ukuba ndithi into ofuna ukuva. Abanye abantwana baphathe kuhlehliselwe oosinga umlinganiswa. Zama ukuba itakane ukuthetha. Umzekelo, babuze imibuzo yabo umntwana, musa sukela ukuhlangabezana neminqweno (makabe ukuvakalisa kubo). Abantwana kufuneka izingqisho zabo zophuhliso yakhe. Kakade ke, kukho ekuthiwa-"imigaqo", kodwa abantu kufanele kukhunjulwe. Umntu kamva ebonisa amazinyo, umntu aphoswe ixesha ukucaca kwaoko uqalisa ukubaleka. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana akabi ukuthetha, musa ukothuka. unike nje imvuthuluka ixesha. Musa sukela. Musa umenzele angenza ntoni ngokwabo (ukuba banxibe slippers, okanye asele ubisi okanye ukutya). Ayikasebenzi? Help. Kodwa nje ukuba avulekile. Tyhala imvuthuluka yakho geqe.

Kwengqondo abaninzi Ukucebisa azifane vula umabonwakude, ngenxa yokuba intetho yakho phantse zidibana kunye izandi umabonwakude, ngokulandelelana, umntwana wakho abone ivoti yakho ingxolo jikelele. Ngoko ke, abazali kwiimeko ezininzi ixhomekeke kuqala bangaphi abantwana ukuba ukuthetha.

Yintoni iingcali akwazi ukunceda?

Ukuba umntwana akafuni ukuthetha, ukufumana isizathu sokuba cwaka leminyaka emibini. Enjani abasebenzi kuya kufuneka bangenele? Okokuqala zonke - a wabantwana. Zange enze uviwo jikelele, kodwa kwakhona ukunika indlela ukuba iingcali umntwana emxinwa: uLaura, intetho therapist, luvo, wengqondo.

Intetho therapist oqhuba uvavanyo ukujonga intetho elingqinelanayo kunye namanqanaba zophuhliso engqondweni. Ukuze uqinisekise okanye ukuphikisa inokuba thumela olu sana bekutyelelo neuropsychiatrist.

umsebenzi uLaura - ukujonga ukuba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi ulibaziseko intetho kunye neengxaki kunye nemibutho amagama (umzekelo, frenulum elifutshane sublingual) kunye nokuva. Ugqirha uya kuvanya umlomo, uya kwenza audiogram.

I msinyane ukukhangela le ngxaki, kulula ukumelana nayo. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba umntwana uphilile kwaye ziphuhliswe bethu? Ezinye iingcali athi abazali kufuneka alinde ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu, ngenxa yokuba lo yobudala apho ngokutsiba elibukhali kwi lonke uphuhliso umntwana emva cwaka elide ukuthetha nje zemihlathi ngamnye kunye nezivakalisi sisonke. Hi ndlela leyi, aba bantwana nje barhuqe emva oontanga babo esikolweni, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ubagqwesa. Kakade ke, ukuba umntwana ominyaka 2 akathethi, linda nje le jump emangalisayo akunakwenzeka. Kufuneka ukuba umncede zokuphuhlisa ubuchule kunokuba ezilula kunye kumnandi.

kufuneka uqale Xa ufundisa umntwana yam le, ukuthetha?

Ngokuqinisekileyo lo mbuzo uphendulwa. Enyanisweni, inkqubo yokufunda, enyanisweni, buqala esizalweni. Kukho ubungqina bokuba umntwana uyabubona izandi ngayo kubo, ngoxa isisu sikanina. Lowo ususa phantsi, "ukuphulaphula" xa umfazi ucula ingoma okanye, phezu koko, "imfazwe", akeva. Psychology - inzululwazi ibhityile, yaye yintoni wabeka phambi kokuzalwa, kufuneka abonise ngokwayo emva. iiseshoni esebenzayo kunye nomntwana kufuneka uqale xa umntwana:

• Yena Uzama izandi (okanye izimbo zomzimba) ukuchaza into;

• kuphela uva, kodwa aliqonde;

• yedwa kunye naye uthi inkunkuma, kodwa ovakalisa kakhulu ngokucacileyo phantse zonke izandi.

Ubudlelwane phakathi uphuhliso intetho kunye nezakhono motor ecikizekileyo

Ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezintandathu umntwana ngolangazelelo phinde kulingisa nonina, ngubani othetha naye. Noko ke, kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe emva kokuba le mbumbulu oneengxaki. Kid ngokubonakalayo ukuhlola ihlabathi ngaphandle utyebile njalo, kwaye imfutshane bonke abazali bakhe animfundanga ngokunjalo bakhomba.

Oku waphawula ukuba uphuhliso intetho ubaleka ngaxeshanye kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono motor. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa bubonakala yokubeka ecaleni yeminwe enkulu kwabanye bonke. Makhe Roll kwiimvuthuluka ibhola, accustom ukusebenza ngodongwe, athengelwe amaso multi-bala ngamaplanga (ngaphezulu). Kangangeminyaka enye enesiqingatha sele, qala ukuphuhlisa zazo ezintsonkothileyo:

• amaqhosha iinqaba pugovichek;

• itayi liyenze;

• ngentambo (alikafiki kwi ukukwazi itayi imitya kwi izihlangu, shoelaces ukufundisa itakane lifuna nasemingxunyeni amancinci), njl

Movement isandla sasekhohlo unoxanduva lokuphuhlisa ikhweyitha ekunene, kunye vice versa. kuluncedo kakhulu imidlalo lwentsebenziswano, eziquka imiba iminwe yokusonga.

Ixesha kakhulu kuphuhliso umsebenzi intetho

Oogqirha luphawule linani lamathuba:

1. Phakathi kunyaka wokuqala nowesibini kuphuhliso intetho ingalandwa imvelaphi intetho ecacileyo. Eli lixesha 'lepetnyh' mazwi: "la-la", "nya-nya", "la-la", "ba-BA", njl Kwangelo xesha ucinge ngendlela ukufundisa umntwana ukuthetha kakuhle ... Amaxesha amaninzi ukucela kwiimvuthuluka kubonisa intaka, ihashe, inkomo, inja, ikati, njalo njalo. D. Mkhuthaze ukuba amagama (amagama) amanyathelo. A umzekelo ogqibeleleyo ukulandela - ezabo. Fundisa imvuthuluka iintshukumo ezintsha: "kuhlala, '' ukunika '' kulala phantsi," "uyithabathe". Ukusetyenziswa umdlalo apho izenzo lwenziwa liqela abadala "Ladushki", "ezingamashumi amane kweenkuku", "Top-Top" etc ...

2. Phakathi kwiminyaka 1.5 no-2.2, abantwana bazama ukudibanisa amagama amabini okanye amathathu. Ukuba le ubudala Ngokuqhelekileyo uyayibona itakane? Umzekelo, amagama afana "De Baba?", "Makhe pi", njalo njalo Xa oku iminyaka umntwana wendele imiba jikelele ... Igama elithi "hayi", umzekelo, lisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo iimeko. Qala ukwandisa inani kunye nexabiso amagama toddler emxinwa: ukubiza iinkcukacha iimpahla (emnqwazini, sock, blouses, amagusha, njl ...), yefanitshala, zokudlala. Kubalulekile ukuphawula nezenzo isicelo, "Thabatha yokudlala", "ihempe isinxibo", "wasiqinisa kunye amaqhosha of", njl Uyacetyiswa ukuba ahambe nasiphi na isibheno isenzo kid ...

3. Ngeminyaka 2.6 kwiimvuthuluka isigama iqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Yena akufunayo, ukukhomba umnwe kule into ongayazi: "Yintoni leyo?" Kunzima ukutsho ukuba bangaphi abantwana baqala ukuthetha. Ukuba uthetha nathi sele uyazi (hayi oosinga ixesha), ngoko ke mhlawumbi le ubudala. Umntwana akabi ukubiza amagama ngokucacileyo ngokwaneleyo, ngokufuthi buyayigqwetha kubo. Kunye nabantu abadala, ukuzama ukuba 'kuhla aye kwinqanaba' umntwana, kakhulu, baqale bazichaze incoko yabo, decelerating ukubunjwa baby intetho. Eneneni, yintoni na umntwana afunde ukubiza amagama ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo ukuba bayakuqonda kwaye kunjalo? Khumbula itakane zilive onke amazwi kwinkonzo echanekileyo! Ke emithathu - iminyaka emithathu enesiqingatha, ke ngokwakhe uza kuthetha kakuhle. Xa eli phakade, la mazwi aya kutshintsha ukuba ityala kunye nenombolo, kwaye izindululo ziya kuba inzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ayikhulise iimfuno, kungenjalo umntwana luvalwe nje. Ngendlela le sesinye sezizathu zokuba umntwana ayitsho.

4. iminyaka emithathu - ixesha apho umntwana aye intetho kwazo. Apha ukuyondelelana efunekayo ingqalelo, inkumbulo, uhlalutyo, izixhobo intetho motor. Ukungafani kungabangela luvo umsebenzi inkqubo yenkani negativism phezu inxalenye kid. Le nkqubo yayisathe abasengozini, ngoko ke imvelaphi yoxinezeleko (nokuba incinci) kunokwenzeka ekuthiwa-abanale kunye mutism. Hi ndlela leyi, basokole zinokwenzeka kwiminyaka 6-7, xa kufika ixesha ukuqalisa uphuhliso lolwimi ebhaliweyo. Ngeli xesha, nkqubo kwisifundo luvo ku imithwalo enzima kwaye esengozini ntshikilelo.

Ukuba uphuhliso intetho akukholibaziso akazalani zezifo CNS ...

Ukuba umntwana ayitsho ukuba ke uthe akaliva phinda amagama ukuya kwiminyaka-2, xa ngaba ucele uncedo nokusombulula iingxaki abantwana babo ngokwayo, uncedo kuphuhliso kwadingeka ngokucacileyo. Abanye abazali bhala off kuziphatha kwi obstinacy okanye ukuzimela ngaphambili kwaye musa uve "intsimbi yokuqala". Ukutyeshela kukhokelela ekulibazisekeni kuphuhliso intetho. Oku, lugcwele ukuqhubela phambili yenkani self-nentando. Ngamana mkhulu kunye nempendulo wayevele. Ukuba umntwana akuthethi eyi-2.5, yaye abadala zisonqena ngonaphakade kunye nesicelo ukuba 'phinda "," Ndithi ", uyakwazi ulinde yaye bazuze kelwa. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana wakho kuphela akafuni phinda-magama, kodwa tu kwaphela. Libala malunga nezicelo ezinjalo. Ubuncinane ukuba ixesha.

Yintoni ukwenza ntoni?

Okokuqala, ukudala imeko apho umntwana uza kunyanzeleka ukuba ukunxibelelana. A kukho olukhulu - zokudlala, umnqweno - abancinane. Abantwana zikhula ngokukhawuleza apho, kuba nje ukuba bakhangele ukuba sele nzima xa oontanga ukunxibelelana, kodwa ngandlel 'ukuvakalisa ayifunayo kunye neemfuno. Abantwana abaninzi, owayekade cwaka ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu, zonke isiqalo ngesiquphe "isibonelelo" amagama anzima afana "umthuthi abasebenzi vehicles", "synchrotron", njalo njalo. D. Ngendlela, badla baqala ukuthetha kum, engafuni ngokupheleleyo ukunxibelelana nabantu abadala.

Zama diversify amava umntwana. Umele ukufumana iimvakalelo ezintsha kunye nolwazi yonke imihla. Makube onyuka isekisi, epakini, indalo. Zibone ezinengxaki ezininzi iimvakalelo xa umntwana uthi igama lokuqala? Khawube nomfanekiso - imvuthuluka yakho ulwandle elifanayo iimvakalelo, kwaye ufuna ukwabelana ngazo nawe.

Yaye qiniseka ukujamelana nawo. Ukuphuhliswa intetho - inkqubo onzima esifuna unyamezelo, imo, umonde. Zilungiselele ukuba ukuba iiklasi nomntu owayendifundisa ukuthetha, akunyanzelekanga.

imisebenzi abazali

Zibandakanye nosana lwakho. Kodwa izifundo ijike ibe umdlalo. Xela amagama izinto ozibonayo kunye. Ukuba umntwana akafuni ungaziphindi - musa ime, kwanokuba uqeqesho luya kuba engabonakaliyo, avulekile. Ozithobileyo nemihlali ukuba umntwana wakho uya ukubiza igama elitsha. Mdumiseni. Musa alumkise yonke iminqweno nemiqhathane, imibuzo phambili wabeka: "? Yintoni umbala", "Ngaba ufuna ukuba badle?" "Yintoni eyenza yenkomo?" Kwaye iimpendulo ngcembe ukwandisa ubunzima, ukuqala nge elula. Funda Izicengcelezo baby nursery, iintsomi, iingoma nindumzele. Uze uqiniseke ukuba ukudlala izandi (meowing, hum), nokukhuthaza iinzame ukuphinda nje uyithethayo. Hayi Teketa - magama kufuneka libizwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngokucacileyo. isenzo Comment (kwaye zayo). Fundisa imvuthuluka lwenkawu (kunaba imilebe, nibaphanga ibe tube, ngokunqakraza ulwimi), ukuba siziindleko kakhulu ukuba amalungu ngqo. Ukuba itakane uchaza umnqweno ngabanye izimbo zomzimba, asilungise kuye, nokuveza umnqweno wakhe umbuzo: "? Ingaba ukusela ufuna", "Toy kuwa?", Njl Gcina ijenali apho wenze zonke iinguqu: .. izandi New amagama, isifanadumo. Ngoko kuya kuba lula ukufumana ukukhula nophuhliso intetho.

Ukuthetha imidlalo abantwana

Le enye imali emikhulu kopilochku. Olu hlobo imisebenzi efana abantwana abathanda ukubukela umabonakude. Ukuba umntwana lowo uneminyaka 2 akathethi, khetha naye angaphandle kunye imidlalo ezinjalo. Imfundo iya kuba mnandi ngokwenene!

Imidlalo eyenzelwe ukuhlangabezana ezithile iimpawu yobudala yabantwana. Apha uphuhliso lolwimi, nokwandisa zexa yabo ngokubanzi. Kuba iminyaka nganye - uneyona nkqubo yayo, nto leyo ahlulwe kwi imixholo: zvukoproiznosheniya, Uphuhliso Outlook ( "Izilwanyana", "Izilwanyana zasendle", "Ngubani na apha athi," mu "(" Pozhuzhzhim "," Phawula-tock "kunye nabanye.) ., njalo-njalo), uphuhliso ingqalelo, inkumbulo, ukuva ( "iimfihlelo izandi", "wayetyelele yolungiso lweengxaki," "i-Wizard", "iintsomi", njalo njalo), uphuhliso ngokuphefumla (ikakhulu imidlalo kunye microphone :. "Helicopter", "Bee "" Cake namakhandlela "), besithi oonobumba abantwana , yaye intsebenziswano indalo (uyakwazi ukuza kunye amabali ezinkulu nezincinci, ukuthelekisa, ukubiza, ukuphinda). Abantwana ndiyaqonda Iiklasi ezinjalo kubhetele kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ngokwenene ngendlela playful. Kwelinye icala, musa cinezela abadala, kwelinye - usana banikwa ukuzimela (kakade, phantsi kweliso lakho, kodwa yena uyazi kwaye baqashele). Kukho kunye imithambo zokucacisa, leyo othile buyisela owayendifundisa ukuthetha. Ingqokelela yonke ubizwa "Ukufunda ukuthetha 'abantwana ukusuka kwiminyaka-2 ukuya kwelesi-7.