Umfanekiso Anatoly Zverev (artist)

Ekupheleni kuka May 2015 Museum of igcisa Russian Anatoliya Timofeevicha Zvereva yavulwa eMoscow. Ngaphambi koko, wathabatha imiboniso eziliqela enkulu eyayinikelwe umsebenzi inkosi, leyo kuqala umboniso imisebenzi emininzi yelo kubaqokeleli zabucala.

Nangona inani elingu-mizobo enkohliso Anatoly Zverev uhlala kwi yeefandesi kunayo yonke zobugcisa wanamhla, i-albhamu yakhiwe, iincwadi, ukufunda umsebenzi wakhe neenkumbulo ngaye. Yaye nayiphi na intshukumo efana ke indlela lokubhaqwa, nkqu abo kudala nomdla ingqondo Zvereva nale ubuntu obungaqhelekanga.

Creation biography

Wayephila iminyaka engama-55, ngubani wachitha phantse ngokuqubekayo eMoscow - isixeko, inxalenye imbali elisuke laba ilivo wegcisa - drifter Ndandingonwabanga, ngokuzidela lukhuni, iglasi ukudala wobugcisa, noziqulathe-ngokwakhe wafundisa misebenzi, ziyageza obunxilisayo seSkitsofreniya osandla uThixo kukwenza. Le ntsomi ubonakala ngoko Ngobumhlophe bokubengezela umhombiso usenza intw yobomi bemihla ngemihla, ukuba inxaxheba ekudalweni eninzi yabantu - ngubani kweenjongo zothando, ngubani ngenjongo yokuba izuze engenamsebenzi. A imbangela yamandulo amahle kunye namabali ezinetyuwa - yena Anatoly Zverev, ogama imizobo - ubungqina italente fantastic esityalwe uhlobo ongalawulekiyo.

Uphi na inyaniso?

Qonda apho zamabali, yaye apho izibakala, kuba nzima, nangona ukuvela liyanda inani memoirs ababephila, ukukhululwa kweencwadi ezintsha kunye iimovie. Mhlawumbi akukho mfuneko ukuseka inyaniso, bagubhe iinkcukacha, zicinga ukuba wayephila njani Zverev Anatoliy Timofeevich, - imizobo kunye graphic sheets, inzala eseleyo ngexabiso zazo eziphambili? Kakade ke, loo nto. Kodwa umsebenzi Zverev ngendlela ekhethekileyo alohlukaniswa ubuntu bakhe, kunye nabahlobo bakhe abo wasondela, khumbula inkqubo yokudala mizobo njenge yokusebenza wenyaniso, ethe ixabiso ngokwayo isenzo art. Bekuya kuba nofefe ukuba ngcamango ezigqwethekileyo ngayo okanye akazange abe umelo.

Ngethamsanqa, amandla cosmic ngayo indalo yakhe intle kwaye distinguishable kubo ubuchule enkulu, ivumela ukuvavanya umfanekiso oyinyaniso Anatoliya Zvereva, ukuqonda isikali oyinyaniso nokuphelela isakhono esikhulu, ukuntsonkotha obomi elizimeleyo phantsi koxinzelelo ngumntu ngakumbi ngekhonkrithi omnye sigqibo ideology.

mirror self-Mfanekiso

Xa imisebenzi ubuqu ogama Anatoly Zverev, umfanekiso, base, unako ukufumana Narcissism elide zengqondo okuthiwa kuqinisekiswa yi inani elikhulu self-ekumeni, awawubhalayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kakhulu ebomini. Mhlawumbi, kwaba ezendeleyo umgangatho Rembrandt ingakumbi Van Gogh, ogama nempembelelo ngokucacileyo kwi imizobo Zverev. Yena waqala ukukhangela kuye ukususela ebuntwaneni, ukususela kwixesha xa umfundisi umzobo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo UNikolai Sinitsyn wayeqhelene ezisisiseko zobugcisa bezoba bepeyinta, zokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi ibe lifutshane unsystematic: PTU, okukhethekile opeyintayo-alfreyschik, kuba ixesha lifutshane ezoBugcisa School Industrial . iiklasi 1905 kule studio lobugcisa ukulungiselela abantu abadala - ukuba wonke "akhademi 'yakhe.

Mhlawumbi yiloo nto kwakukho kusoloko abantu abaninzi ekuthiwa Zverev engahlawulwayo kwaye abo ezifana nemifanekiso Anatoliya Zvereva, bona ukungabikho ikhono kuphela ukuhamba-ngalo, imisebenzi buthathaka - virtuosity Zverev izimilo izicacele. Bathi ukuba ubomi bakhe akazange zikhululeni mkhosi imaski, sijike yonke into kuloo mbono. Lakhe self-portraits - naye yemiboniso, yaye baphakamisa kuphela ngohlangothi imaski, kodwa oko kwanele ukuqalisa ingxoxo malunga ubomi kunye nendalo.

"Ndiza ekhuthaza ..."

Nantso into wanikela umntu umfanekiso - yena uyazi isipho sakhe, njengaye nawuphi misebenzi, kwaye wayesazi ukuba umfuziselo wakhe uya kuba kwexesha, kuya "immortalized". Umsebenzi wakhe uyafana mzobo lomlinganiswa kwi umlinganiswa, kodwa kuphela ngokwemigaqo okuchaneka lula umzobo; umxholo eni best umthamo umxhelo kunye nobunzulu.

Kukholelwa ukuba kukho amaxesha amabini kumsebenzi womzobi, yaye kuphela ezo mifanekiso Anatoly Zverev, zaye zabhalwa phambi kokuphela kuka-1950, evakalisa kwinqanaba yingqondi yokwenyani Zverev. Omnye iingcali zakhe zenene, isixhobo sokuqokelela edume GD Kostaki, ndandivakalelwa kukuba emva Imiboniso yokuqala phesheya Zverev waya malunga abo babefuna bengakhange benze nto, waza waba uhlobo amathuba, ukuba iphuhlise inkqubo apho wadala eni bakhe. Le artist ngokwakhe wathi yena wayesebenza ngokwakhe de-1959, yaye emva koko - kwelinye ifunekayo. Ukwehla kube lula uchazwe kunye nokusela utywala, kunye nesifo sengqondo ...

Kunzima ukukholelwa, ukujonga, umzekelo, Makhe K. M. Aseevoy - uthando yokugqibela kunye Ndithelekelele wegcisa. Kakade ke, iziqhamo lee - unobangela ubunzima indalo elula, umlomo ababhinqileyo ezineswekile kwi lo mfanekiso "ukuthengiswa" Ndingathanda ukukhankanya ukugxekwa art uyazukiswa. Kodwa eni best noyinkazana, nobakhuphela phandle yure, hayi iwuse kwisidudu ubuhle ebonakalayo, ayinyaniso. Kuzo izinto bacinga ukuba engundoqo esemgangathweni Zvereva-mntu; yena ezele okulungileyo, nangona uhlobo ibunzi ukumelana ezininzi kwekamva. Le mizobo wegcisa Anatoly Zverev, nemfesane, yena akanayo nayiphi ubuqili eyingozi, portraits yakhe, apho kukho "kubantu bolunye uhlanga" - eni ze sezifundo lokwenyaniso.

Church and pine

Fumana elide ukugxekwa lobugcisa, i Zverev afanelekileyo, ezama ixesha elide. I expressionist lokuqala Russian - ngoko wayibiza Kostaki. Zverev ngokwakhe wabiza ixesha wakhe xa "tashists", kwaye kubangwe ukuba wenza ngale ndlela, hayi ezinye uhlobo Pollock. Zvereva Anatoliya mizobo abaculi amazwe wambetha ukupeyinta ubuchule bakhe ezamahala, xa befika Moscow Youth Festival 1957 ukufundisa zabazobi zamahlathi yiSoviet kwangala abstract.

Ke ukuba bathi kuye igcisa oyinyaniso abstract yodwa yobuciko atshintsha ngayo iimbono imifanekiso Khrushchev kunye noogxa bakhe. Bamele babe sihlolisise lo mfanekiso Anatoliya Zvereva "ikuku. Nikolina Gora "(1968) okanye" iCawa "(1959), ukuze aqonde ukuba - kuyingozi, kwaye virtuosic master realist. Ukongeza ukuthumela ifom eyomeleleyo ngokweemvakalelo, eNamandla ubugcisa wazalwa komhlaba yenkosi ngendlela emangalisayo kunye nobuhle kwi mzuzu yokosulela, ukukhanya kunye nomoya, kunye nesandi umoya - konke oko lokuba iinkosi best landscape Russian - I. I. Levitanu, A. K. Savrasovu omsebenzi, ngasendleleni, le 'wenza ngokungazi, bekwenza "yaziwa kakuhle kwaye kakhulu.

Zverev animal opeyintayo

Phakathi abayithandayo uyilo Zverev abaninzi abo ngaphezu kwabo bonke ubeka ishedyuli yakhe, naphakathi imizobo - imijikelo graphic izilwanyana imifanekiso. Ngenxa yoko, uthotho yabemi zoo, owasekwa ngo-1952, yaba ezaziwa animalism.
Wena ukuhlangana "oqeqeshiweyo" Zverev isingcikivo; imisebenzi yakhe ingqalelo ezixabisa, ngenxa yokuba elula, Bafumana besaphuka yiyo encinane. Ndikhumbula Pushkin kaThixo Salieri, zabakungcikivayo izulu, unesiphiwo buchopho "reveler bengasebenzi." Kodwa kuthekani ukuba, ukuze ubonise ahlale evule amehlo kunye swiftness ye ixhama nengwe, Zverev kufuneka umgca enye kuphela inani yimivumbo? crane kwakhe zaziwa ezifanayo kwileta yohlobo kunye namehlo DoE - eyomeleziweyo kancinane push ipensile, kodwa ukuba babaphathe kwaye bayihloniphe kungaba ongapheliyo.

Imizobo encomekayo Anatoly Zverev - opeyintayo, ababekholelwa ukuba inja uyithabathe ibe kuye, nto leyo eshiya "portraits" eziliqela poodle Fili, Yinja elingesi nokuba Russian ogama Ulan kunye nezinye yakhe "nabahlobo." Mhlawumbi uthola unxibelelwano ngokweemvakalelo, nto leyo engazange abe abantu ngokwaneleyo ehlabathini?

umbonisi

Sekunjalo, oko ibekwe ngendlela kwintsunguzi self-efundisa, ukuba ngocoselelo wayeyazi uqokelelo Tretyakov Gallery, ukuba ukucengceleza of "Eugene Onegin", ukuba khumbula wit yakhe intetho aphoristic? Konke oku bacinge ngaphandle zonxibelelwano lwehlabathi kunye inkcubeko yehlabathi.

"Gogoliada", imifanekiso kaloku amabali ngu Andersen, kwi "Golden Idonki" Apuleius, yaye omnye imifanekiso ozithandayo - Don Quixote - kuyasebenza, kungekhona ukwenza nje ibonakale abalinganiswa yoncwadi kubo a swi hlawulekile kwi elimiweyo wadala yi umbhali, incoko umdla kwi ephakanyiswe ngumbhali umxholo.

Azuze amandla kunye nentetho equkayo, ngaphandle kwengcinga kwaye emva kokuba umhlobo ngokudlulisa kunye imisebenzi sebali akanakuba ngenye ukukholelwa nobugqi, kwi imvelaphi ezulwini, ezo imizobo nemizobo Zvereva. Anatoly T. nzima ukuqaphela Sisithunywa samazulu, nesono kakhulu kwaye kwemicimbi indlela yakhe yokuphila, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukufunda kubaluleke kangaka imifanekiso yakudala yehlabathi.

Russian kunye Russian Matisse uPicasso

Uqonde useko - uthumo kuphela amabali kunokwenzeka. Uphononongo uPicasso, wabiza Zverev best ngomzobi Russian, ngaphezulu kakhulu. Ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kwayo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba kwacetyiswa misebenzi ethe kwihlabathi yobugcisa abstract, yaye kunzima ukuba nethemba umhlobo ezaneleyo ngestibhiya yakhe Russian.

Kodwa lo mbono yaseSpain enkulu ayizange ibonakale ubaxo gross, ukuba ubone dlula uhamba graphic kwaye abazahluleleyo ngemizobo yakhe Zvereva. Anatoly T. i sengqondo ephucukileyo ngayo amabhinqa ukuba kuqondwe ababephila iinkumbulo. Zinelungelo eninzi iimpawu ekhululekile kunye nezenzo ngokugqithiseleyo ngokunxulumene besini bubuhle. Okanye ngaba nje imaski kwakhona? umgca zonke kulondoloza Zverev isisa unganxibanga yenyama, ubuhle shinyi nolangazelelo iziyolo, leyo kulingana ngexabiso iisampulu aphezulu ubugcisa omhle.

Zverev engabonwa

Yaba ixesha umdla kumzobo non-zokomfuziselo, umjikelo odumileyo Suprematist isebenza. Nendlela enye kuthiwa artist abaphethwe akuyiphelisi abonela ubugcisa esemthethweni, ukuba athile? Oku Wathi yokuphila, nemizobo Zvereva.

EAnatolia kunye West njengento uphawu yeSibini Russian avant-garde, Nebhanile yayo. Wamva umdla wakhe yokutsala olunyulu kuphela okwexeshana, ihlabathi wakhe ayisekho ngaphandle eziphathekayo ngokwenene: abantu, izilwanyana, izinto, indalo - ayikwazanga kuba ngaphandle kwalo ukugcwalisa ngokuvumelana nokuba ebomini okanye ubugcisa.

Dlule

E Moscow kukho ezininzi kangaka iimyuziyam anikelwe igcisa enye. Ngoku kukho amanani abazinikeleyo edume efana Anatoly Zverev. Imizobo, iifoto, iividiyo - konke oku kuya kunceda ufumane isenzeko esitsha wentombi, ukuze bafunde iinkalo ezintsha italente nobuntu abathandayo - Moscow legend. Legend wendoda ezintsonkothileyo, engafezekanga, ulusizana, ababuthathaka onke kunye italente yakhe.