Umbhali Andrei Sinyavsky: engobomi, ubuchule kunye nombhali

Umbhali Russian Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich, ogama engobomi lwagqitywa ngo Februwari 1997 e-Paris, namhlanje akwaneli nje ulibele, kodwa isahleli amanani engundoqo iincwadi Russian aphesheya. igama lakhe rhoqo abakhankanywe iingxoxo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko etsolo elithe qwele phakathi kwamaqela ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi. Ngoko ke musa ukuba akufuneki ukuba ukukhumbula le ndoda engaqhelekanga kwaye bayazibuza ukuba iingcinga kunye neengcamango efuna ukudlulisela bobempunde.

Ukususela biography lombhali

Umbhali elizayo Andrei Sinyavsky wazalwa ngo-1925 eMoscow. Wakhulela kwintsapho ingqondo kunye imvelaphi ahlukile. Izinyanya umbhali wabamba izikhundla kuBukhosi Russian, kodwa ziphawulwe kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiziganeko yotshintsho olululo. -Yaziwa kakuhle Inyaniso kukuba okusingqongileyo yenkcubeko neengqondi kuye nempembelelo tsotsololo ukuyilwa ubuntu yoyilo. Kulapha kule meko kunye ukubumba ikamva umbhali odumileyo Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Usapho inkxaso ngamandla, lo mfana ulwazi. Of umdla oluthile uAndreya wabonisa ukuba philology kunye ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini. Kodwa imfundo yakhe waphazanyiswa ukuqhambuka imfazwe. Ekubeni ekwindla ka-1941 intsapho yakhe babehlala ukufudusa Syzran. Apho emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo Andrei Sinyavsky awathunyelwa emkhosini. I-Faculty of Moscow State University, wabhalisa-1945, emva kokuba uloyiso. Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe, wayiqhubela imisebenzi yophando kwi-Institute of World Literature, kwaye wafundisa ubuntatheli e Moscow State University kunye Moscow Art Theatre School.

umsebenzi wokubhala

indlela yabo baya kuyiphosa Umbhali omkhulu uncwadi Andrei Sinyavsky waqalisa ngezincoko ezibalulekileyo, zezifundo zoncwadi kunye iibhayografi ze ezakudala uncwadi Russian zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. umsebenzi wakhe kule ndawo ziye ingqalelo uluntu ukufunda. Umbhali Young babenobuhlobo elihle kakhulu nelilifaneleyo kwizangqa bohemian eMoscow, yaye kude ngaphaya kwemida yawo. Phambili ezo ezikude emangalisayo kunye ubukho nempumelelo na igosa Soviet zoncwadi. Noko ke, umbhali Andrei Sinyavsky, engobomi bakhe ekhulisa kakuhle, ukulungele ukwenza ebomini bakho ijika elibi. Yena nakancane ngokwakhe oko uyothuka silindele kuye phambili.

Abram Tertz

Ngelo kwisigaba esithile bubuchule umbhali wajongana nengxaki ebonakala unsolvable - kukungakwazi ukuthetha nokubhala inyaniso ezikhona, kwaye ngokunxulumene lakhe kuyo. Akukho mntu wakha ukufunda okanye into beva ukuba wayezimisele ukuba kuthi iincwadi Russian Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Incwadi nje ayikwazanga lupapashwe eSoviet Union. Ke kwafumaneka isisombululo. Phantsi igama kuzakuthathwa wade wathi nantoni awayecinga kuyimfuneko. Lipapashe umsebenzi wabo ngaphandle kwilizwe labo. gama lakhe Andrei Sinyavsky loans umlinganiswa Odessa amasela iingoma. It etha adventures kwesela bezinto uhlanga lwamaYuda. Ngoko ke waba yesithathu Abram. Xa gqira okuqala West ziye zapapashwa inoveli "Zintanda", ibali "Inkundla iya" kunye inqaku kabukhali publicistic "Yintoni ngokoqobo Socialist?", Adumileyo wadlala imigaqo esemthethweni iincwadi Soviet. Kwilizwe lakhe, bambalwa elithekelelwayo ukuba umbhali kwezi imisebenzi Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. zincwadi bakhe ngalo igama Abram Tertz kwiphepha isihloko. Sinyavsky wayengomnye bokuqala likwazile akhohlise ukuhlola eSoviet.

inkqubo

Kuphela ngoku abasemagunyeni eSoviet kuhlaselo kwi iziseko zawo zange ukuxolela. NgoSeptemba 1965, umbhali wabanjwa yi yiKGB. Sayithimba naye Nikitsky Boulevard kwindawo yokumisa ibhasi. Ngenxa yoko, Andrei Sinyavsky, engobomi apho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho uye wenza amathuba ezibukhali ezifana, waba ibanjwa lezopolitiko. Ngokutsho kwimeko efanayo, wabanjwa kunye nombhali Yuli Daniyeli, nayo yapapashwa kwi-West, iincwadi zabo ngaphantsi elabo. Inkqubo Sinyavsky-Daniyeli iye ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali ingcamango lwentlalo. ESoviet Union wazama ababhali imisebenzi yobugcisa. Kwakuba kakhulu kunene ngathi igqwirha ukuzingela ephakathi.

intshukumo Social ukukhusela Sinyavsky noDaniyeli

Ukuqotywa ababhali kwaphela isigwebo iminyaka esixhenxe, kuye kwabangela enkulu ukungaxoli eSoviet Union nangaphaya. imbonakalo entle kukuba uninzi amabanjwa wema kulo ilizwe. Kwaye oku kwenzeka nangona ubuxoki ongalawulekiyo esemthethweni. Ngokuba amandla, walungelelanisa notshutshiso Sinyavsky noDaniyeli, yaba isimanga elibi. Abantu abaqokelela amaqoqo izicelo ukukhusela ababhali kunye wada waya umboniso kumbindi eMoscow. Esi sikhundla kwakufuna inkalipho enobulungisa. Defenders ababhali lula ukuya emva kwabo. Kodwa intshukumo shirilos kwihlabathi ekhusela ummangalelwa. Ngoonobumba ezininzi zaseYurophu, naphesheya eyayibanjelwe uqhankqalazo phambi yozakuzo Soviet.

in ekuthinjweni

Isiphelo Andrei Sinyavsky bakhonza Mordovia, kwi "Dubrovlag". Ngokutsho myalelo evela eMoscow, ukuba isetyenziswe kuphela imisebenzi enzima. Kulo mzekelo, umbhali akanayo nawuphi na umsebenzi wokubhala. Ngasemva ngocingo oluhlabayo Andrei Sinyavsky wabhala inani leencwadi -. "Voice ukusuka Chorus," "Ukuhamba Pushkin", "Ithunzi Gogol" Umbhali wayengekho qiniseki ukuba sidalwe isiphelo siza kufika ngokuthanda, umfundi. Phantsi uxinzelelo umbhali uluvo lwabantu jikelele, wakhululwa entolongweni phambi kokuphela kwexesha. NgoJuni 1971 wakhululwa yena.

izwe

Ngowe-1973, edumileyo Sorbonne University Paris wehlabathi unjingalwazi entsha esuka Russia - Andrei Sinyavsky. Biography yombhali elubhacweni yaqhubeka. Umsebenzi wokufundisa eFransi, wamenyelwa nje emva kokukhululwa entolongweni. Kodwa omnye kuphela umbhali sobuprofesa akayi ukuba ibe yelinganiselweyo. Andrei Sinyavsky, waba zingavumelaniyo ababukeli okokuqala ebomini bam ogama iincwadi kwi imeko apho ukupapasha nantoni ibona kufanelekile. Ngaphandle ngokuphathelele imingcele. Okokuqala lonke uluntu kukho kukuba sabhalwa emva eSoviet Union.

Kuquka eluvalelweni. Ngokukodwa, i "Ukuhamba Pushkin." Le yenye yeencwadi ixakayo, ibhalwe Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. umfazi zombhali, Maria Rozanova, ukusa kumkhamo othile, le co-yombhali. Le ncwadi Andrei Sinyavsky wabhala entolongweni aze ayithumele kwi imbalelwano yabucala emva nocingo oluhlabayo. Ngokutsho izahluko ngamnye.

Andrei Sinyavsky, "An Ileta Vula kwi Solzhenitsyn"

Abanye akumangalisi Sinyavsky wafumanisa ukuba lemfundo aphesheya ubilise angathabatheki efanayo eMoscow. yokushiywa Russian kude umanyano. Kakhulu ethetha, oko yahlulwa kwiinkampu ezimbini - benkululeko kunye amathanda sizwe. Kwaye ke abasabela ngayo kwicala izwe kumanqaku ngoncwadi journalistic le unjingalwazi entsha Sorbonne ke ezimbi kabukhali. Ekhethekileyo ukungathandi incwadi ebizwa Abram Tertz "Ukuhamba Pushkin." Uninzi abagxeki kazi ngubani obuzwe Andrei Sinyavsky. UAbram Tertz akazange zidanise abaphulaphuli, beninikela Ukuthethisa abukhali ukuze abachasi bakhe. Xa famous yakhe "Ileta Vula kwi Solzhenitsyn," wagxeka compatriot odumileyo ekutyaleni authoritarianism olutsha wayengabunyamezeli izimvo ezizezinye. Yaye uwathandabuze impoxo wazisa ingqalelo lowo uthunyelwe ukuba ububi babantu IsiRashiya ukuya ityala yena, hayi amanye amaYuda wasentsomini kunye nezinye amabutho amnyama. Emva kwale ufikelelo ubambene uAbram Tertz e oolindixesha emigre yavalwa ngokusisigxina. Umbhali Andrei Sinyavsky kwanyanzeleka ukuba bacinge malunga isiseko lowu yethu.

"Syntax"

Olu hlelo zadalwa. Iminyaka emininzi kwelinye lamaziko yomtsalane ngokwasengqondweni kwaye yokomoya yokushiywa Russian yaba "Isivakalisi" lowu. It epapashwe e Paris, Andrei Sinyavsky noMaria Rozanov. Le magazini iindidi kwizihloko ezininzi zobomi kwezentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye noncwadi. Le ncwadana yavuleka kuyaphi abantu ngamanqaku ezahlukeneyo. It ashicilelwe izinto ukusuka eSoviet Union. "Isivakalisi" wakhokelela ubambene eqhubekayo kunye nenye ethandwayo kuhlelo kwizangqa emigre - "Ilizwekazi" Vladimir Maximov.