Ulwazi malunga France. UMongameli French. Features France Nature

France - lilizwe elibuthume eNtshona Yurophu. Kumazantsi ngayo abamelwane yayo Andorra neSpeyin, emzantsi-mpuma - kunye Luxembourg kunye Belgium, empuma - kunye eItali naseSwitzerland, kunye lwasempuma kumntla-mpuma - kunye eJamani. Umda ongezantsi lizwe zihlanjwe kuLwandle lweMeditera, Western - Bay of Biscay, kumntla-ntshona - kwiStraits of Pas-de-Calais kunye IsiNgesi Channel.

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga France

Phantsi kolawulo kwelilizwe ngayo. Corsica kuLwandle lweMeditera, amasebe Martinique, Guadeloupe, Réunion kunye French Guiana, kwakunye New Caledonia, Miquelon, Saint-Pierre, French Polynesia kunye ezithile eziphantse Pacific.

Yintoni na indawo France? Kuyinto 551 ophosa square. Intshona kwaye kumantla elo lizwe - ibe ziintili enkulu kunye iinduli ephantsi ngeenxa zonke. Centre kunye empumalanga - indawo zeentaba eliphakathi-eziphakamileyo, iphakathi apho Massif Central kunye Jura kunye Vosges. umda Natural yaseSpain ukuya ngasemazantsi-ntshona zenza zasePyrenees. Ingongoma eliphezulu chain ntaba bathi yi Pie de vignemale (3298 m). Famous French Alps emzantsi-mpuma lizwe.

Imilambo ziphambili ngokuba Seine, Laura Garonne. ulwazi France siquka ngokwenene ukwazi: amachibi kweli lizwe lincinane, kwaye inkulu kubo (Geneva) ukuba inxalenye enkulu eSwitzerland.

Izibonelelo eziphambili yendalo ziquka amalahle, intsimbi ekrwada, webauxite, izinc, iinkuni kunye nentlanzi. 32% ye-lizwe umhlaba olimekayo, 27% - amatyholo kunye namahlathi, 23% - amadlelo kunye amadlelo.

labantu

Ezingenisiweyo ingcaciso engaphezulu eFransi ukuze afunde banzi ngale ndlela abemi beli lizwe lihle. Ngoko ke, kummandla urhulumente ilikhaya kubantu abangaphezulu kwe amathandathu anesine yezigidi. Ubuninzi babantu imalunga 104 ngabantu square kilometre. Uninzi lwabahlali - i-French (95%), nezinye iintlanga ezi Bretons, Catalans, Basques, amaJamani, IsiPhuthukezi, abavela, Algeria, Moroccans naseTurkey.

Zinakanwa njengolwimi lwaseburhulumenteni isiFrentshi. Abanye bathi ku Basque, zilele, Breton, Catalan, Provençal, Corsican. Bangama ekhulwini labantu ngqo ukholo yamaKatolika, ezinye amaYuda, amaProtestanti, amaSilamsi. Ngokuphathelele ukuba ubomi; ngokuba abantu oko engama-74 kwaye kwabasetyhini - 82.

Abemi eyomeleleyo baqeshwe ikakhulu kwicandelo inkonzo (61.5%), kushishino (31.3%) kunye nolimo (7.3%).

features zezulu

Xa uninzi amazwe ukuyilwa kwemozulu kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo njengokungapheliyo Atlantic air ubunzima, ngoko advantageously ulophu, efudumeleyo, alungise, kwaselwandle.

Imozulu kakhulu kufumile UBrittany. Days kukho lisibekele, yimimoya enamandla, phakathi amaqondo ihlobo nobusika, umahluko mncinane. Noko ke, loo nto iimeko zemozulu kakhulu kakuhle luphawulwa akukho ndlela lonke France. Isishwankathelo ulwazi, umzekelo, kwi eyinkunzi chaza, ukukhuthaza abahambi. Ngoko ke, ubusika eParis ithambile, ithemometha azifane ufikelela amanqanaba sub-zero. intaba zazinzima kakhulu imozulu Alps, i Massif Central, zasePyrenees - apho eninzi imvula, ingqele, umoya, ikhephu phantse zange uza phantsi.

ubusika obuzolileyo kakhulu - kummandla osempuma elunxwemeni, phezu lolwandle. I-avareji lobushushu ngoJulayi in Nice - 23 degrees Celsius, ngoJanuwari - ezisibhozo ngezantsi zero.

ulwazi zemozulu malunga France into eya kuthi yongezwe ngomnye inyani:-avareji imvula yonyaka phakathi amathandathu ezilikhulu ukuya kwenye lamawaka iimillimitha, kwaye zisasazwe kulo lonke elo lizwe ngokulinganayo. Okungaqhelekanga kuphela unxweme lweMeditera, ikwazizo yi ukufudumala kwelanga kaninzi ngaphezu kwezinye iindawo.

Ulwazi malunga ihlabathi izityalo

Ngelishwa, okwangoku%-25 kuphela kweli lizwe ehlanganiswa amahlathi, nangona kwakunjalo kwixesha elidlulileyo, babengama-90%. Amaphecana inkulu ezisagcinwe Northern Alps, Jura kunye Vosges. amahlathi French kaninzi lisekwa imithi avuthulukayo. Uninzi kwemioki beeches. Phakathi abameli abathi pine sapling. Kwinxalenye osemantla lizwe mava beech oki amahlathi kunye admixture of alder, hornbeam, ezinde. Kwi ntshonalanga esilawulwa beech ubumanzi onothando. Uphawu osemqoka engundoqo izowuni Paris Basin - namasimi, nemiqolomba, elaliwumile vula amathafa. amathambeka South-ntshona le Massif Central kunye Corsica uyakwazi ndoqhayisa ehlathini nezompleyini ezintle.

A ummeli awayedla flora Mediterranean yasendle - maquis, nto leyo a iintshinyela ivaleke zamafu ephantsi, enamakhulu oki efanele Holm, nemimirtile, oleander, konwele, zengca ingaphelelwayo namatyholo, ndimkhathalela xerophytic nzima.

iimpawu zezilwanyana

Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, eli lizwe libe ngaphantsi, hayi kuphela amahlathi. France Le izilwanyana nako nelambayo. Oku kungenxa ekuzingeleni singacinganga Umsebenzi zabantu kunye nokuhla neemeko zokuphila. Noko ke, zasendle France entle kakhulu kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

West Iberia park na indawo yokuhlala malunga mane amabhere brown kunye Vanoise Park (Savoie) yeyona iibhokhwe ilitye yokuhlala kuphela. Ngomhla kwintsimi ilizwe abahlala iimpungutye, iimbila, iilynx, genets, oonomatse, amalulwane, amabuzi kunye neempuku, imivundla. Corsica kubonakala silwane - izinyanya kusenokwenzeka yezimvu. Eli lizwe lilikhaya iintlobo ezininzi zeentaka, phakathi ixhaphakileyo - larks, icula, Swallows, partridges, xa zolondolozo lwendalo emazantsi flamingos eziphilayo. Ezi iimpawu uhlobo yaseFransi.

Urhulumente device, iqela lwangoku

The French Republic - igama elisemthethweni yaseFransi. Ulwazi malunga ilizwe likuvumela ukuba ufumanise ukuba uhlobo karhulumente - republic kamongameli. Ukubunjwa yelizwe ezingamashumi amabini anambini-qukwanga indawo. Nabo ke, yahlulwe yaba amasebe asithoba anesithandathu. I-capital state Paris.

Ngenkulungwane yesihlanu ngayo wabumba ubukumkani amakhosi. Ngowe-1792, i-kwiriphabliki yokuqala lazisiwe. Lo mgaqo-siseko wokugqibela yamkelwa ngo-1958, ngoJulayi 1792 i nane Bastille. Ukususela ngoko, lo mhla waba festive.

UMongameli French agunyazisiweyo ukuba onyule inkulumbuso - intloko liBhunga labaPhathiswa.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla lowiso lithweswe a kwipalamente bicameral. The House Lower limelwe yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, kwaye eliphezulu - iNdlu Yeengwevu. Phakathi amaqela eziphambili kwezopolitiko ikwazizinto ezi zilandelayo: Republican, French Socialist, wamaKomanisi, Rally ngenxa weRiphabliki, i-National Front kunye Union of Democracy French.

Malunga uqoqosho kunye nezothutho yonxibelelwano

Lelinye lamazwe bazizinhanha emhlabeni - France. Ulwazi malunga lizwe luquka ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo: ishishini engundoqo, oyinxalenye ikota GDP ngonyaka - yi izithuthi, imichiza, elukiweyo, imigodi, iimveliso zokutya, elektroniki, kunye yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, moya kunye noomatshini. Ngenxa iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba otyebileyo, inkxaso izinto isicelo ubuchwepheshe bale mihla kunye noorhulumente karhulumente ngumvelisi ephambili kwimveliso yezolimo lonke of Western Europe.

Kungoku nje, eli candelo nkonzo ekuqaleni ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho. Ukongeza, kukho ukukhula ukuhlanganiswa koqoqosho phantsi izenzo EU kaThixo. Ngubani wakha ezivenkileni ubudlelwane France? Iifektri nolimo, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, badlala ebalulekileyo indima enkulu ekuqinisekiseni elizweni ukuchuma. Iimveliso zezi mveliso ngoku unomdla eJamani, eItali, eSpeyin, Great Britain, eNetherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, Japan nase-United States.

A yesithathu zonke zikaloliwe eli lizwe ugesi. A ubude zizonke yeekhilomitha 34.568. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha zonke iindlela ezenziwe ngezitena kunye asphalt. Zizonke izigidi 1,5514 leekhilomitha. Ubude loo machibi ezilishumi elinesihlanu ophosa. Eyona engundoqo zokungena France - Dunkirk, Le Havre, Rouen, Bordeaux kunye Nantes-Saint-Nazaire.

A incinane

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yokuqala BC eGaul (oku kuthiwa ummandla France mihla) yoyiswa yimikhosi yaseRoma. Xa AD Ngenkulungwane yesihlanu, le ndawo yaba ekhaya ukuya Franks. Ukususela ngoko, baza ngokuthe ngcembe ihlanganiswe kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni. Ubukumkani amakhosi zafikelela kwincopho umbane ngethuba lolawulo Karla Velikogo - mmeli ubukhosi Carolingian. Uzanekele ngempumelelo ukholo lwamaKristu eNtshona Yurophu. Emva kokufa kwakhe ubukhosi obukhulu ngaphandle.

Unyaka 987 ubukhosi weza amandla Capet. Bakwazi ukubuyisela kwindawo buthathaka kakumkani njengentloko yombuso. impembelelo French yaligqiba kakhulu kwinkulungwane weshumi, ebudeni bolawulo uPhilip II kunye Louis IX. Last ngempumelelo wadlala indima elingabalamli xa kuthe imfazwe phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu.

Emva kokuba indlalifa yokugqibela uFilipu Fair waya kwelinye ehlabathini, abasemagunyeni baba Valois. Eli xesha kwimbali yeli lizwe ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba ukukhanya. France iye buthathaka kuphela yiMfazwe Kwiminyaka Elikhulu ', kodwa ubhubhane isibetho kunye nendlala. Noko ke, kwaba ngoko ukuba yesizwe self-determination ngabemi inokuqiniswa kakhulu, enkosi Joan of Arc.

Kwelinye ilizwe saphawula liyanda kwinkulungwane yeshumi, xa urhulumente uLouis XIV. Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini kamva, ngenxa intlekele ekuyo i-absolutism, amandla mlawuli bukaThixo kuphela eFransi. Ilizwe ibhengeze yiRhiphabhlikhi 1792.

Umongameli wokuqala France - UNapoleon III - ubambe izintso amandla avela 1852 kwada 1870, unyaka. Okwangoku, eli lizwe likhokelwa Fransua Olland.

ushishino lweemoto

Izithuthi eziveliswa eFransi, yaziwa kakhulu kwaye ethandwa ngaphandle kweli lizwe ngenxa kuthembeke yaye uyahlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno ezikhoyo zokhuseleko. Uninzi abenzi ezinkulu - Renault kunye Peugeot Citroen. Bona zinamanzi iimveliso kweli lizwe, kungekuphela eYurophu kodwa kwakhona lelaseAsiya US. Ngenxa yokuba abenzi ezinkulu kweli lizwe nje ezimbini, kunokwenziwa isigqibo lokubanga shishino. cars French - oku yi-90% yabo kuphuhliso amaqela amabini ngasentla. Kuba inkampani Renault kunye Peugeot Citroen lisebenzisa ezingama ababini nabantu nesiqingatha sesigidi.

Phezu kwako nje ukuthandwa ingundoqo elifunyanwa iimoto isiFrentshi apha ekhaya nakumazwe aphesheya, kubavelisi balapha babe neengxaki ezithile. Kwaye ke evelele, apho iingcali ukunika ingqalelo kakhulu, kukuba ukunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa. Njengoko abahlaziyi baye baqikelela umahluko avareji kwamaxabiso imoto Mpuma Yurophu kwaye French iyahluka ukusuka kwenye kwaye iwaka isiqingatha euro. Idla ngokuba ngexabiso ngakumbi na yeyonanto xa uthenga imoto. Ixabiso eliphezulu yeemoto French ziyacaca kuphela amacandelo abafezekileyo ezisemgangathweni nezinto zokufunda ekrwada, kodwa abasebenzi umvuzo eqinileyo, yaye irhafu tell.

Ushishino lweemoto kweli lizwe ngoku ekwintlekele. Oku olubangelwa ukwehla kwemfuno zabathengi, ubunzima ngezimali kunye nezinye iingxaki zoqoqosho. Ukwenzela ukugcina ukwalathiswa iinkxalabo lukarhulumente kunye ne-European Union liphuhlise mali program ilungiselelwe ukunceda kusinda kwintlekele otheni ukulahleka.

izinto

IKhadi loShishino France - Kakade ke, i-Eiffel Tower. Yakhiwa 1889 njengoko uhombiso nomnyango Wehlabathi Fair. Kwacetywa ukwenza ngaphandle kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, kodwa, njengoko sonke sisazi, yena emke iliso lwabahambi kunye nabantu balapha ukuba unanamhla. Kwaye zonke ngenxa yokufika kanomathotholo: encotsheni Eiffel Tower kwakunye kunokwenzeka wasondela ukufaka eriyali ophezulu ngamandla.

Nale nto edume idityanisiwe scam inkulu kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, oko ihlelwa 1925. Bobi Victor Lyustrig waqokelela mkhwa le noosomashishini izityebi lizwe. Wamxelela ukuba urhulumente uceba ukuthengisa Ingxonde ezilahliweyo. Yonke Isakhiwo owayenokukhulula Andre Poisson. Wabanika eli engumphangi sum ezisemagqabini ngemali. Kwanasemva kokuba ubuqhophololo lodongwe, Poisson akazange aye emapoliseni kuba abafuni ukuba abe sisigculelo jikelele. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngoko Lyustrig wathengisa nenqaba kwenye ezilahliweyo umzingeli.

Ufuna ukuba umoya okuphambili emangalisayo? Yiya ku Versailles. Le ebhotwe ibekwe eekhilomitha abamashumi mabini anababini kwikomkhulu. ekuqaleni kwacetywa ukuba ndakhele ingathi yimimangaliso zokuzingela Lodge for Louis XII. Ukwakhiwa yaqala ngo 1634. Kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo eminyaka Versailles yandile ukwenzela ukuba saba sikhulu ebhotwe eYurophu. Wadlala indima senkosi de French Revolution. Okwangoku, eli bhotwe ilitye lesikhumbuzo zembali olukhuselwe UNESCO. Rhoqo ngonyaka kukho abakhenkethi abaninzi.

Paris, Kakade ke, ngumbindi yenkcubeko eli lizwe. sama yawo eyodwa bokwakha kwabunjwa kangangeenkulungwane. Nangona indibanisela izimbo ezahlukeneyo kweso sixeko ndikwazile ukugcina ubunye yokuluka. Ihlabathi-edumileyo zesikhumbuzo bokwakha - oku Dame yaseNotre kunye yonk 'into, kwaye ke Campus Martius, kunye Arc de Triomphe. Izigidi zabakhenkethi minyaka ukuza kweli lizwe ukuze chu ngokusebenzisa Bois de Botanic Garden ihlathi, ukufumana intlawulo iadrenaline Eurodisneyland kunye enjoy Montmartre.