Ulawulo lokwakha umthengi wokwakha. Ulawulo lwezobugcisa. Uphuhliso Lwezakhiwo

Iindlela zokongamela iinkqubo zokwakha ziguqulwa rhoqo, zongezwa kwaye zilungiswe ukuphucula umgangatho. Isidingo sezakhiwo zokwakha ezithembekileyo nezizinzileyo zibangelwa izifiso eziqondakalayo zeziphathamandla eziphathekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinga elifanelekileyo lezakhiwo ezisebenzayo. Ukuzalisekisa le meko, isetyenziso esinobugcisa namhlanje sisetyenziselwa imigaqo nemimiselo elawula imisebenzi yeengcali zokwakha. Ukumiselwa kwee-commissions, ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zomthetho nezobuchwepheshe, ukuvavanya umgangatho wemisebenzi yomsebenzi kunye nezinto zokwakha.

Iingcamango ezisisiseko zokulawula isakhiwo

Ukuqonda isakhiwo sokuphunyezwa kwabathathi-nxaxheba ekwakheni, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iingcamango ezithile. Ngoko, umzekelo, umthengi ngokubanzi wokwakha ngumntu onika inkxaso ngeprojekthi. Le nkxaso ibandakanya ukuphuhliswa kwamaphepha eprojekthi, kunye nokwakhiwa kwangoku kwinto ene-supervisory function. Kwakhona kukho umgaqo-kontraki jikelele. Ngokungafani nomthengi, ikhontraktha ngokuqhelekileyo yinkampani yokwakha nokufakela, into esemthethweni. Uluhlu lwemisebenzi yalolu nxaxheba lwakhiwo luquka ukuphunyezwa ngokuthe ngqo kobugcisa beeprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha. Yimisebenzi yontrakhontrakthi elawulwa yi-supervisory authority. Le mi sebenzi iyenziwa kwinqanaba elingaphantsi ngumbonisi, onokuthi abe yinxalenye yentlangano yontengiso. Lo mntu unommandla apho ukwakhiwa okwakhiwa khona. Kwakhona isebenza umsebenzi wokwakha kunye nofakelo.

Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba bezakhiwo zokwakha bamanyene nomsebenzi olawulayo. Enyanisweni, ukulawulwa kwesakhiwo somthengi isakhiwo sihlolisiso rhoqo, ixesha eliqhelekileyo elimiselwe kwisivumelwano. Ngokubhekiselele ngqo kwi-supervision, ijoliswe ekunqumeni umgangatho womsebenzi kwinkqubo yokwakha iithagethi. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zophando, iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwimimiselo yoxwebhu loyilo lokwakha. Ngexesha elifanayo, uhlalutyo lobugcisa lungafakwa kuphela kwizixhobo zokwakha ezisisiseko kunye nezakhiwo zokufaka, kodwa kunye neziphumo zobunjineli. Ngokuthelekisa idatha efunyenweyo nemimiselo nemigangatho, uvavanyo luyenziwe ngomgangatho wokhuseleko lwezakhiwo nezakhiwo.

Ukulawula kwizakhiwo ezinkulu

Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kuyona iqonga elikhulu kunazo zonke ekusebenziseni ukusebenzisa izicwangciso zokulawula ekuyiyilweni nasekusebenzeni imisebenzi yokulungisa nokufakela. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ngexesha lokuphunyezwa kwezixhobo ezinjalo, kulindeleke ukuba imisebenzi eninzi yokwakha iza kwenziwa, ekufuneka ibe phantsi kolawulo ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yolawulo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba ulawulo lokwakha uluntu kufuneka lube lubanzi kwaye luhlanganise zonke izigaba zeprojekthi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nxalenye ngenxa yezoqoqosho, abaphuhlisi baxhuma abaqeqeshi beli phrofayili kwizigaba ezithile. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukulawula ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo zokwakha. Kule meko, inkonzo yolawulo iya kuhlola iilebhile, amanqaku kunye namaxwebhu okuqinisekiswa kweemveliso ezihanjisiweyo ngokwemigaqo yokuthotyelwa kweziphakamiso zeprojekthi. Kwaye, ngokuchasene noko, ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo kunokulandelwa ngumthengi ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye abaphathi bamagunya baya kuthatha iinkqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nezobuchwepheshe bokufaka izixhobo zobunjineli okanye ukuphakamisa izakhiwo zetsimbi .

Indawo ekhethekileyo yindawo yokulungiselela ukwakhiwa. Kule nqanaba, ukuphuhliswa koyilo kunye namaxwebhu obugcisa. Oko kukuthi, ukulawulwa kolunye uhlobo olufunekayo, olubandakanya uhlalutyo lomthetho. Ukongezelela, ukwakhiwa komsebenzi ogqityiweyo ugqityiweyo kukuba umthengi ulungiselela amaxwebhu okuthunyelwa. Ukungabandakanyi ukungahambelani ngokusemthethweni nepasipoti yezobuchwepheshe, phambi kokuhambisa amaphepha obhaliso lwelizwe, uviwo luqhutyelwa ngokunxulumene neenkonzo zokulawula.

Iinkonzo zolawulo lwezobugcisa

Njengemfuneko kwizinto zokwakha ezinkulu, ezenza inxalenye ephambili yezindlu zasemadolophini, zonyuka, ukulawula iinkqubo zokuphunyezwa kwezi projekthi ziye zaqina. Ngaphambili, le mi sebenzi yawa phezu kolawulo lokwakha, okwenziwa ngamashishini akhethekileyo avela kwiziko locwangciso lweedolophu. Ukungahleleki kwimilo enjalo kwakuyimgangatho ophantsi kakhulu komsebenzi wokulawula. Kwaye akuthethi ukuba loo ntlangano yomsebenzi wabo ayizange ifake indlela edibanisiweyo yokuvavanya umgangatho wokujoliswe kuwo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ii-commissions zavakashela isayithi ngexesha lokuhlaziywa kwamaxwebhu eprojekthi kwaye emva kokugqitywa kokwakhiwa. Le meko yatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo xa ulawulo luphunyezwa ngokuhambelana nemigangatho emitsha yenkonzo yokujonga. Abagcini nje ukulawula ukwakhiwa kwezakhono ezinkulu kwiinkalo zobugcisa nezomthetho, kodwa banokubanceda njengabancedisi beeprojekthi zeeprojekthi. Inyaniso kukuba imibutho yokulawula ilayisenisi ngokubhalisa kwimibutho yobugcisa olawulayo, kunye neengcali kwiinkalo zokuyila, i-geodesy, i-architecture, izikhokelo zokufakelwa, njl njl. Okokuthi, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ezo nkonzo zinokunika umthengi uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo ekuphunyezweni kwezakhiwo kunye nokusebenza okuyisiseko kunye nomsebenzi oyintloko wokulawula umgangatho.

Imisebenzi nemisebenzi yolawulo lwezobugcisa

Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi ephambili yenkampani elawulayo iyancitshiswa ukuba iququzelele kwaye iqinisekise umsebenzi osebenzayo wabameli be-supervision. Inkonzo yolawulo kufuneka ilandele ukuziphatha kokulungiswa kwemisebenzi kunye nokwakha ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwesi siphumo kunye nemigangatho emiselweyo. Nalokhu, abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokubeka iliso kufuneka baqokelele isitatimenti kumyinge womsebenzi owenziweyo, ozayo oza kuvumela ukuphuhliswa kunye neendleko zamaphepha. Kuthe kushiwo ngasentla ukuba umthengi ngokwakhe angasebenza ekuboniseni amaxwebhu ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zokuhlola. Kwakhona, imisebenzi esondeleyo yolawulo lwezobuchwephesha kubandakanya ukwenza uhlolo oluchanekileyo kwiindleko zemali. Inyaniso kukuba iinjongo ezidibeneyo zokulawulwa kwakhiwo azibonakalwanga nje ekuqinisekiseni ubukhulu bobugcisa beziko. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, umthengi angavuma kunye nentlangano evelayo kunye neendleko zemali zokulandelela. Oko kukuthi, umsebenzi we-supervision kulo mzekelo uza kuba nomlingiswa wendlela yokuphucula inkqubo yokwakha, eyona ingoko namhlanje.

Ulawulo lwezobugcisa

Izenzo kunye nokusetyenzwa komsebenzi kwisevisi yokujonga iinqununu ziqhotyoshelweyo kunye nekhontrakthi ephethwe ngumthengi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkonzo ezinjalo ziqeshwe kwifom yeenkonzo zobunjineli. Ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yobugcisa, inkqubo yokwenza ulawulo lokwakha ngexesha lokwakha luquka ukuqeshwa komntu onoxanduva oya kubeka esweni isibonelelo esithile. Lo mntu ulawula ukukhutshwa kweemvume ekwakheni, ubeka iliso kwinkqubo yokususa imida yesakhelo sokuphuhlisa, uthatha inxaxheba ekuhlahleni kweendlwana zezindlu, ukunxibelelana kunye nezibonelelo.

Ngelo xesha, imisebenzi eyintloko ibelwe iinqununu zentlangano yesigqeba, ezilawula ukufumana i-laboratory kunye ne-geodetic examination, kunye neziphumo zazo. Le nxalenye yomsebenzi iphinda isebenze ekulawuleni uxwebhu. Ukulawulwa ngokwahlukileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa xa wenza umsebenzi wokwakha nofakelo. Njengomphumo wokugqitywa kwemisebenzi ethile, isenzo sokwenziwa kolawulo senziwa kwakhona, esichaza iiparameters zokuthotyelwa komsebenzi owenziwe ngeemfuneko zokulawula okanye zokuyila. Kwakhona, isenzo sinokuqulunqwa ekufunyanweni kweziphene okanye ukuchongwa kwezixhobo okanye izakhiwo ezingeneliso ngokwemiqathango yemigangatho. Kwiimeko ezinje, inkqubo yokulungisa isistim efunyenweyo iqikelelwe. Ngendlela, esi sidima sokuqhuba ulawulo lokusebenza, kuba kukuvumela ukuba ubone ukusilela phambi kokugqitywa kokwakhiwa.

Iimbopheleleko zomthengi ekwakhiweni

Ngaphambi kokuba kuvunywe amaxwebhu angundoqo kwiprojekthi ezayo, umthengi kufuneka ukuba afumane umbono wegosa likarhulumente kwipropati efanelekileyo. Kwakhona, ngexesha lokuvuselelwa okanye ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi kunye nokufakela, kufuneka abe nesipemethe sokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko zokungabikho, xa esikhundleni semvume yokusebenza komsebenzi kukho isatifikethi esivela kwisebe lonyango lwedolophu, ekuvumela ukuba wenze umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kweprojekthi. Kwakhona, ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale, umthuthukisi kufuneka alungise kakuhle into. Kwixesha elizayo, ulawulo lokwakha umthengi luyakwazi ukudluliselwa kubaphathi bamagosa. Ngaloo ndlela, iinkonzo ezisele zilawulwa zimele zongamele ukuhanjiswa ngumthengi wamaxwebhu ngokubhekiselele apho abaqhubi bemisebenzi yobugcisa baya kwenza imisebenzi yabo. Ngokukodwa, ngexesha lokwakha indlu, umthengi udlulisela amaxwebhu kumakontrakta ngeziphumo zobunjineli, ukuqikelelwa koyilo, kunye nemibhalo evumelekileyo ekhankanywe ngasentla.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthengi unokwenza ngandlela-thile ukuba abe ngumhlanganyeli olawulayo kwinkqubo yokuphumeza le projekthi, nokuba ngaba waqesha inkonzo ekhethekileyo kule njongo. Uqeqesho luxhaphake xa ulawulo lwezobugcisa kwicandelo eliphambili, umzekelo, lubonakaliswe ukuhlolwa kokungena kwezinto eziphathekayo, luphathiswe kwinkonzo yokulawula, kwaye umthengi okanye abameli bakhe baqhuba ukubhaliswa koxwebhu. Kukho olunye uhlobo olumalunga nokusebenzisana komthengi kunye nabenzi bokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yomsebenzi iququzelelwe ngendlela yokufumanisa ukuphulwa kweziphathimandla zongamela kubhaliswa kuphela kumaxwebhu, kodwa ukulungiswa kweziphene ezityhilwayo kwimithetho akuhloliswanga. Ngelo xesha, ulawulo lweemeko ezinjalo lufakwe kwiluhlu lwemisebenzi engekho yenkonzo, kodwa kumthengi, okufuneka ukuba lubhalwe kumaphepha ophicotho kunye nokuba ukungaphumeleli kupheliswe.

Uxanduva lomthengi wokwakha

Umthengi unembopheleleko phantse zonke izigaba zeprojekthi. Kubaqalayo, kukufanelekile ukukhankanya ukubonelelwa kokulungiselela kwamaphepha eeprojekthi, kunye nokuhamba kwezobugcisa belizwe. Apha, umthengi ubeka uxanduva lomgangatho wesisombululo seprojekthi kwiimfuno zamaphepha olawulo, kubandakanywa, kwaye inxalenye, ngokuphathelele amalungelo kunye neembopheleleko ezinikwe zona ngezivumelwano. Ukongezelela, lo mntu unembopheleleko yokuqhuba ulawulo lokwakha ngolu hlobo lokuba lusekhontraktha jikelele olubandakanyeka emsebenzini wokusebenza. Ukongezelela, umthengi kwezinye iimeko, uyamkela ukwamkelwa kwemisebenzi, umgangatho onokuthi ungaqinisekiswa yiinkonzo zolawulo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uxanduva lolawulo lomgangatho lwendawo luwela kuso.

Iimbopheleleko zenkonzo yokulawula isakhiwo

Abameli beenkonzo zengcali kwiinqanaba zokuqala zeprojekthi zisebenzisa ukulawulwa kokufakelwa kwamaxwebhu oqikelelo, oluhlola kwakhona iinkcukacha zobugcisa kwiziko elizayo. Ngokukodwa, iingcali zivavanya amaxwebhu ngokwanele ukuphunyezwa kokwakhiwa kunye nolwazi jikelele. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, inkonzo yokulawula ithatha amanyathelo okuphonononga ukuqikelelwa koyilo, ilungele ukupheliswa kweziphene ezifunyenweyo, ayivumeli ukutshabalalisa izisombululo zezobugcisa kunye nokunyuka okungenangqiqo kwiindleko zesibonelelo. Njengoko kufunwa lilungelo lokulawula ukwakhiwa emsebenzini kunye neendawo eziphambili, iinkonzo ezixanduva kufuneka zijongene nobudlelwane phakathi kontrakta jikelele kunye nababoneleli ngezinto eziphathekayo.

Kule nkalo, umsebenzi oyintloko wolawulo lwenkonzo kukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo kunye nezinto ezakhiwa ngabakhi abangahlangabezananga neemfuno zexwebhu lokuqulunqa iimpawu zabo. Kuyafana nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zobunjineli ezisetyenziswe kumsebenzi wofakelo ngexesha lokulungisa imisebenzi. Ngokwenza oko, le mi sebenzi iphunyezwa ngokubambisana nokulawulwa kokufakelwa okufakwayo, ukukhangela oko kukuvumela ukuba unqumle iimveliso zokwakha ezingalunganga nakungalunganga. Oko kukuthi, ukwakhiwa nokulawulwa kolawulo lwezobugcisa kungekhona kuphela iziphumo ezigqityiweyo zomsebenzi owenziwa, kodwa kwakha nemimiselo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho ofanelekileyo kwisisombululo semisebenzi.

Ndingakhetha njani inkampani yokujonga?

Imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo ithathelwa ingqalelo, kwimbali yomsebenzi ogqityiweyo ukuya kwi-qualification yeengcali eziza kwenza imisebenzi ethile. Kuqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kweengcali ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezisebenza ngabanye. Ngokomzekelo, iqela elinjalo liza kuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha zamaxwebhu obugcisa, uphando lwe-geodetic, ukubeka umgangatho wemisebenzi yemicimbi kunye nezinto zokwakha. Ukususela kumbono wokubaluleka, esi sisisombululo esihle, kodwa inkampani ejongene nayo yonke uluhlu lwemisebenzi isebenza ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yokulawula. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela, yintoni amaxwebhu akha ulawulo lokwakha kwintlangano ethile. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba intlangano ikhokelwe yimiqathango emiselweyo yemigaqo esetyenziswa kwimigangatho yokuphunyezwa kolawulo lwengxowa-mali. Kodwa, imibutho enelayisenisi ifakwe kwi-SRO ingaba nemigangatho ekhethekileyo yokusebenza kwemisebenzi yabo, leyo, nangona kunjalo, ichanekileyo kumaphepha alawulayo ngoku. Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, umthengi ufumana isakhiwo esicacileyo semveliso kunye namaxwebhu obugcisa ekuphumeni, apho kukho ingxelo yokusebenza komsebenzi, iziphumo zolawulo lwebhubhoratri, izatifikethi zokwakha izinto, njl njl.

Isiphelo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abathathi-nxaxheba beemakethe zendawo yendawo bayakhalaza malunga nenani elikhulu lobugcisa kunye neenkqubo zengcali ezimele zigqitywe ukusuka kwiprojekthi yokuqala ukuya kutsho ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho wokwakhiwa kweziseko zokwakha kunye nokufakela imisebenzi, ezo zidingo ziyazimela zona. Ukulawulwa kakuhle kolawulo lokwakha umthengi wokwakha kuvumela ukubhalwa kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lokhuseleko lwendawo ethile. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, okokuqala, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ukusebenza kweso sakhiwo, kodwa le nzuzo ayikuphela. Imibutho ejongene namhla inikezela uluhlu olubanzi lweenkonzo ezenza kube lula ukwenza iinkqubo zokuvelisa nezakhiwo. Oku kwenziwa ngokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo kweendlela zokuqikelela kunye nokukhethwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezicwangciso zobugcisa ngabantu abanomdla ngokwenene ekufumaneni umphumo wekhwalithi.