Ulahlulo angaphandle, kunye nezinye izalathi si zokunikwa nokuvuleleka kwezoqoqosho

Uqoqosho Vula ithathwa ilizwe apho uninzi kwiimarike, amacandelo kunye amacandelo ezoqoqosho ukufikelela evulekileyo kumaqumrhu amazwe. Kumashumi eminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yeenguqu kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini, amazwe amaninzi waqala ukuba lilungu elinye lamazwe kunye kwezoqoqosho evulekileyo.

Izalathi ibaluleke nokuvuleleka kwezoqoqosho - ukuthatha inxaxheba kurhwebo lwehlabathi (ixabiso elithile ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kweli imveliso, isixa-quota yorhwebo lwangaphandle), kwakunye ubunzima ekhoyo kwisalamane utyalo-mali lwangaphandle basekhaya. Xa izalathisi ingundoqo ziquka, umzekelo, ixabiso ezithunyelwa kwempahla (iinkonzo) ngokwemiqathango mali ngamnye. Kwi-US, i-nani ngaphezu $ 3.200, eRashiya - 700 zeerandi.

Xa uhlobo open yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, urhulumente lilawula kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe ngoncedo t. N. izithintelo lwamaxabiso kwaye non-lweerhafu. Ukwandisa ubungakanani lweerhafu usebenza imisebenzi izithethe kwi impahla evela kwamanye amazwe. Ngowe-1948, phakathi kwamazwe - amalungu yesivumelwano World Trade Organisation yafikelelwa, ukususela ekuqaleni inyathelo apho kwi mihla kwinqanaba imisebenzi amasiko iye yehla ukusuka kwi-avareji yama-40% ukuya 5-7%. Ngoku eqhinga kakhulu ukukhonza iindlela ezingezo-lweerhafu.

Yintoni na? Okokuqala - quota. Foreign quota yorhwebo - ngumqobo yokuthumela okanye yokungenisa impahla ngangenani lazo okanye iindleko zizonke. Quotas lubekelwe ixesha elithile, kwaye kukho zombini jikelele (ukusetyenziswa luluntu), kwakunye ezizodwa:

- imida ukuthwala zendalo ngenxa bandwidth, umz, oyile okanye port ezinjengeetheminali;

- ezingaqhelekanga (wangena yexesha likaxakeka ukukhusela imarike lwangaphakathi kunye nokhuseleko lwesizwe);

- Uluhlu lweerhafu (ukunciphisa ubungakanani impahla elizweni ngeqondo okanye umsebenzi-free iimpahla zancitshiswa, ezo amazwe elingaphaya kumda, irhafu ngezinga ngokupheleleyo.);

- kwamanye amazwe kunye import.

quota Rhweba - umthamo eliqingqiweyo kokuthunyelwa imveliso. Oku esuke kumazwe iingcali ukuthunyelwa izinto ezithile ekrwada njengendlela sinjalo ngexabiso. Ngenxa yoko, ulahlulo kumazwe luphawu oluninzi ngokubaluleka kuqoqosho lwesizwe ukurhweba uhlobo oluthile lwemveliso okanye izinto ekrwada. Oku kubalwa ixesha elithile njengepesenteji nomthamo imveliso kumazwe angaphandle (ubuninzi okanye ixabiso) ukuba ubukhulu imveliso yasekhaya.

Kwimeko kwizithintelo quota ngokuzithandela ngaphandle zidla kusekwa Ukuhanjiswa kumazwe ngesivumelwano amabini okanye imvumelwano yamazwe ngamazwe.

Loo isivumelwano linokumisela isabelo kwilizwe ngalinye ukuthunyelwa imveliso ethile (umzekelo, i-oyile). Kwakhona, ulahlulo kumazwe angamana ngurhulumente ukuze:

- ukugcwaliswa ezaneleyo emarike lwangaphakathi kolu hlobo kwemveliso;

- nezithintelo kumazwe nokuzinziswa namaxabiso emveliso kurhwebo lwasekhaya;

- Ukuqinisekisa ukulingana of balance zorhwebo kunye ukukhusela iimfanelo zoshishino wesizwe;

- iinkqubo zokulawula yonikezelo kunye nemfuno imarike basekhaya;

- ukulondolozwa lwezixhobo zokusebenza zendalo;

- ukuphendula ucalu-nkqubo yorhwebo yamanye amazwe.

quotas Ngenisa ukuze ukuphepha ukuxhomekeka amazwe kwimeko lokuncitshiswa ndingowenzala lweemveliso eziyimfuneko (ngenxa yokuba iimeko zemozulu okanye ezinye) kwaye isebenza njengesixhobo kwi thethwano malunga kumazwe angaphandle kwemveliso yesizwe.

inkqubo quota kakhulu isixhobo bhetyebhetye nokuba okuqhubekayo nkqubo angaphandle ngaphezu utshintsho iirhafu, njengoko umthetho wesizwe kutshanje kusekwa kunye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, kaloku ke, yenza kube nzima ukwandisa ulahlulo yentengiso ngenxa ngamaxabiso aphantsi. Ukongeza, ngokucaphula uRhulumente unakho ukunikezela ngenkxaso kubavelisi ezithile kunye noshishino.

Mvume yorhwebo langaphandle abanokusebenza njengenxenye yenkqubo quota okanye ukungakhuseleki isixhobo stand-alone. License (ugunyaziso kurhulumente) singakhutshwa ukwenza imisebenzi Rhweba ngaphakathi no Rhweba okanye umthamo wabo. Isetyenziswa ixesha elithile ngokuphathelele izinto zesizwe kunye nangezinye izihlandlo eziliqela. Kwi-Russian Federation zixhomekeke lweelayisensi ilungelo ukurhweba iimpahla phantsi quota, kwakunye neentengo kwamanye amazwe iimveliso ezithile ngeenjongo ezizodwa (emkhosini, amatye anqabileyo nesinyithi, kunye nabanye.)