Ukuzimela - into yezopolitiko? Kuthetha ukuthini okuzimela?

Yintoni ukuzimela? Eli ligama nje lezopolitiko, okanye into ezingakhona iindidi nezinye iinkalo? Ziintoni iimpawu okuzimela?

Le ubuninzi ukutolika

Igama elithi "ukuzimela" nto capacious kakhulu. Ngaba ukutyhilwa yentanda yalo - ubukho ngamathuba ethile into zokuphila ezizimeleyo. Ukuba phezu koko, sisebenzisana kunye heteronomy, okt ukungabikho kweempawu geqe. Kukho kwakhona ukutyhilwa yezopolitiko eli gama, xa iGunya - yolawulo lwemfundo (idla ngokuba chaza) unegunya ngokunxulumene kwezinye izifundo. Kukho ulwazi loluntu kwalo mmangaliso - ukuzimela ngabantu kwabanye (abathile okanye amaqela oluntu). Kukho kwakhona ukutyhilwa ngokwasengqondweni kwekota, xa kusenzeka uphuhliso lobuqu ngaphandle impembelelo ebonakalayo nayiphi na into.

Ukuzimela - kukuthi, njengokuba umthetho, isifundo okanye nesenzeko (zikarhulumente). Umzekelo Kwimeko yokuqala - ukuzimela kazwelonke-yenkcubeko (iziko eyenzelwe ukuphuhlisa naluphi na uhlanga), kuba le yesibini - ukuzimela indawo kuthetha geqe kwiindawo ezithile okanye imimandla ezivela kwabanye.

Lokuzimela imeko yembali

Igama elithi 'lokuzimela' kwintsingiselo kwezopolitiko kwimbali uyazi kakhulu kutshanje. Yena ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokubanzi waqalisa ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ngakumbi esebenzayo - emva Second World War. ERashiya, Noko ke, isenzeko okuzimela sele inikwe ingqalelo kwalo. Kwanele zezifundo ngokubanzi ngamaxesha Soviet kwaye ezisetyenziswa practice ekudalweni amaziko karhulumente. Ukuzimela khona, umzekelo, njengoko kulawulwa RSFSR. Bona kakuhle, kodwa hayi ulongamo, kodwa nje isixhobo kwezopolitiko ukuchazwa ulongamo kwamaqela eentlanga.

Xa RSFSR baba ukuzimela kwezopolitiko (ilizwe), kwakunye yolawulo (imimandla, izithili). Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale wokuqala umgaqo-siseko wayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubuzwe, owesibini - igunya elipheleleyo oorhulumente. Olu hlobo yokwahlukana yolawulo wahlala post-Soviet Russia ngeendlela ezininzi. Le kumava embali kwangaphambili ukuvela elithi "Inkululeko zesizwe". Le esenzeka kwiminyaka yakutshanje iye isifundo rhoqo zentelekelelo eyahlukeneyo yezopolitiko - kokubini eRashiya kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele.

Ukuzimela: amava Chinese

Umzekelo likarhulumente, bakwazi ukudibanisa ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwimida yayo amaqela eziliqela yobuhlanga, uninzi lwazo efana kakhulu omnye komnye kwezenkcubeko nangokwegrama - Chinese. NgokoMgaqo-siseko, China yimeko beentlanga. Urhulumente Chinese ichonge amaqela 56 uhlanga abahlala kweli lizwe. I inkulu of them - Han ubuzwe. Inxalenye eseleyo zibizwa ngokuba bambalwa yesizwe. Bona sinikwe amalungelo athile kwinkalo kwezopolitiko self-government.

Apho amaqela ezizwe encinane China bahlala ngokwamaqela compact, kwasekwa namagunya asekuhlaleni. Ubudlelwane phakathi amaqela eentlanga noHananiya Chinese isekelwe yamanyama, ukulingana, umanyano eli lizwe, kwakunye nokusebenza yophuhliso kwezoqoqosho. Xa sijonga Dynamics ukukhula GDP yelizwe ndingatsho ukuba isampuli ye-nkqubo wesizwe yimpumelelo. Kwiinkalo ezininzi lomvuzo beqela elibusayo of China - wamaKomanisi. Ngemihla phambi ubukomanisi nabantu Chinese akanakuba bazazi isenzeko okuzimela, yintoni na. Kwi-siseko yentlonipho nomdla wesizwe lwengingqi esekelwe nesakhiwo solawulo yangoku lizwe.

Inkululeko Political: amava kumazwe ahlukeneyo

Ukuzimela - na, ukuba uthatha imeko yezopolitiko, ukuzimela imimandla ngaphakathi kurhulumente. Le meko ke kuMgaqo-mthetho aliqela kumazwe aseNtshona. Ngokomzekelo, eSpeyin. Njengenxalenye yale lizwe ngamaziko azimeleyo ezininzi - i-Basque Country, Andalusia, okanye, yithini, nase-. Kukho imizekelo iindawo ezinjalo eFransi (Corsica). EFinland, i ezimeleyo Aland Islands afakwa.

Umzekelo omhle kunene - eGreenland, apho de jure loluka eDenmark, kodwa de facto inikeza umasipala ukuzimela. Kunjalo ukuba Faroe Islands. Le Nqabakazi, kwakunye de jure njengenxalenye Denmark, umzekelo, iqela yayo football lakhe. siseko yolawulo data ezakhiwe eYurophu baxomoloza jikelele: ezi mimandla ngokuzimeleyo nokusombulula iingxaki kwicandelo lophuhliso lwentlalo kunye nemfundo. Ezindaweni ezimeleyo wadala yi kumazwe aphuhlileyo, amagunya olawulo ephakamileyo kwamandla karhulumente sincinci kakhulu.

Lokuzimela States qela liphikisayo

Kukho iindidi eziliqela ezisisiseko iinkqubo zesizwe yezopolitiko - waseNigeria, Confederation nesimo qela liphikisayo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo ubukho ukuzimela, njengokuba abanye abahlalutyi kwezopolitiko, ukuze nzima kukungabikho imida zolawulo. Noko ke, isiseko ngokunika kwezinye iindawo amagunya ongezelelweyo abe, umzekelo, ubuhlanga abemi abahlala apho. Umsebenzi ophambili karhulumente ukudala Inkululeko ezinjalo - ukunika asakhasayo kwindawo yazo eziqhelekileyo zenkcubeko, ukunxibelelana ngolwimi lweenkobe, ukuba baphile ubomi ngokuhambelana nezithethe zesizwe. Kukho States ezininzi ecalanye, apho ngempumelelo imigaqo self-government amaqela bohlanga China, eSpeyin, France, Finland, Northern Ireland, eItali, Azerbaijan.

autonomies inzala eRussia

inkqubo yolawulo nezopolitiko Russia yanamhlanje inika uluhlu elikhulu ngokwaneleyo amagunya inxalenye enkulu kwizifundo federal (ekwenzeni kwabo, enyanisweni, okuzimela). Imizamo yokuqala ukudala iiyunithi indawo ezifana kwilizwe lethu ziye isicelo ngoko nangoko emva revolution 1917. Inkululeko indawo kazwelonke Igama elithi ''. Le nto iqondwa njengendlela self-government kuloo iindawo zelizwe, apho kwakukho sisincoko eyodwa nobuhlanga labemi, leyo eyahlukileyo kwezinye iintlanga, amasiko, imigaqo yokuziphatha ebomini, ulwimi.

Kukho iiprojekthi vule uxhotyiso autonomies wesizwe namagunya abanzi kakhulu ngaphakathi kurhulumente federal (thatha, umzekelo, abantu yommandla iVolga okanye iprojekthi ye-Chuvash Republic). Kodwa ekugqibeleni abasemagunyeni baye bagqiba ekubeni bahlale iifomati ekunikeleni iintlanga ngamnye iimpawu Russia ukuzimela, ayithethi ukuba ulongamo karhulumente ngokupheleleyo.