Ukuphicothwa kolwazi lokhuseleko: iinjongo, iindlela kunye nezixhobo, umzekelo. Ukuphicothwa kolwazi lokhuseleko lwebhanki

Namhlanje, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ibinzana phantse engcwele onelungelo ulwazi, engumnini ihlabathi. Kungenxa yoko le nto kweli xesha lethu ukuba bebe inkcazelo eyimfihlo bazama bonke kunye neminye imirhumo. Kulo mba, zithabathe amanyathelo kunye nokusetyenziswa iindlela zokukhusela ekuhlaseleni kunokwenzeka. Noko ke, maxa wambi kusenokufuneka aqhube uphicotho lokhuseleko ulwazi lwamashishini. Yintoni na kwaye kutheni na yonke loo nto ngoku, kwaye uzame ukuqonda.

Yintoni uphicotho lokhuseleko ulwazi inkcazelo jikelele?

Ngubani na oya kuchaphazela imigaqo abstruse lwezenzululwazi, kwaye izame ukumisela ngokwabo nezimaphambili ezingundoqo, ezizichazayo ngolwimi kakhulu elula (abantu oku kubizwa ngokuba zophicotho ukuba "Dummies").

Igama iziganeko ezintsonkothileyo uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. yophicotho yokhuseleko Ulwazi ezimeleyo ukuqinisekiswa okanye peer ngokutsha ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko iinkqubo zenkcazelo (IS) yayo nayiphi na inkampani, iziko okanye umbutho ngenxa kweekhrayitheriya ephuhliswe ngokukodwa kunye nezalathisi.

Ngamagama alula, umzekelo, ukuphicotha ukhuseleko inkcazelo yebhanki yangempela, ukuvavanya inqanaba ukukhusela zolwazi umxumi agcinwe kwimisebenzi zebhanki, ukhuseleko imali electronic, ulondolozo zebhanki ukufihla, njalo njalo. D. Kwimeko uphazamiseko kwimisebenzi yeziko ngabantu abangagunyaziswanga evela ngaphandle, esebenzisa izibonelelo ze-elektroniki kunye nekhompyutha.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, phakathi abafundi kukho umntu omnye ubuncinane ekuthiwa ekhaya okanye selfoni isiphakamiso kuqhutywe mboleko okanye imali, ibhanki ngayo oko akunanto yakwenza. Kunjalo iintengo okusuka kwezinye iivenkile. Phi weza egumbini lakho?

Yinto elula. Ukuba umntu ngaphambili wathabatha mboleko okanye imali kwi-akhawunti idipozithi, Kakade ke, data yayo igcinwa ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwisiseko sabathengi. Xa ucingo ukusuka kwelinye ebhankini okanye ivenkile ingaba enye kuphela sigqibo: ulwazi malunga Kwathi ngokungekho amaqela esithathu. Njani? Ngokubanzi, kukho iindlela ezimbini: nokuba oko ndabiwa, okanye idluliselwe abasebenzi ibhanki amaqela esithathu ngabom. Ukwenzela ukuba izinto ezinjalo zange yenzeke, kwaye kufuneka ixesha ukuqhuba uphicotho lokhuseleko lolwazi lwe ebhankini, yaye oku kusebenza kuphela kwi computer okanye "intsimbi" indlela yokuzikhusela, kodwa bonke abasebenzi zeli ziko.

Eyona ndlela kophengululo yokhuseleko ulwazi

Ngokubhekisele umda uphicotho, njengoko umthetho, babe ezininzi:

• ujonge epheleleyo izinto inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ulwazi (inkqubo yekhompyutha nokuhambisa, kuthetha zonxibelelwano, ukwamkelwa, ukudluliselwa kolwazi kunye nokulungiswa, izibonelelo, izakhiwo kwiintlanganiso eyimfihlo, iinkqubo esweni, njl);
• ekuhloleni ukuthembeka ukukhuseleka kweenkcukacha ezilihlebo ukufikelela elinganiselweyo (nokuzimisela ukuvuza kunokwenzeka kunye imingxuma yokhuseleko ezinokubakho imijelo evumela ukufikelela kuyo ngaphandle kunye nokusetyenziswa iindlela standard and non-standard);
• khangela zonke hardware kunye zasekuhlaleni iinkqubo zekhompyutha ikhompyutha yokuvela kwimitha magnetic nophazamiso, ebavumela ukuba ukucima okanye azisalungiseki;
• Iprojekthi inxenye, equka umsebenzi indalo kunye nokusebenzisa ingqiqo ukhuseleko ekwenzeni layo (ukhuselo iinkqubo zekhompyutha, izibonelelo, izibonelelo zonxibelelwano, njl).

Xa kufikwa apho uphicotho?

Singasathethi ke iimeko ezinzima apho ukuziphendulela sele yaphukile, uphicotho lokhuseleko ulwazi umbutho ingaqhuba iye phandle, kwaye kwezinye iimeko.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ziquka ukwandiswa inkampani, kudityaniswa, ukufunyanwa, kombuso zezinye iinkampani, ukutshintsha indlela kweekhonsepthi zoshishino okanye izikhokelo, utshintsho kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe okanye kumthetho ngaphakathi elizweni, utshintsho kunokuba kakhulu kwizakhiwo lolwazi.

iintlobo audit

Namhlanje, kanye ukuhlelwa olu hlobo phicotho, njengako abahlalutyi ezininzi neengcali akukho lusekiwe. Ngako oko, ukwahlulwa ngokweendidi kwezinye iimeko kunokuba ngokuthe ngqo. Noko ke, ngokubanzi, ukuba uphicotho lokhuseleko ulwazi kwahlulwa ibe ngaphandle kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi.

Uphicotho lwangaphandle lwenziwa ziingcali abazimeleyo banelungelo lokwenza, idla ngexesha elinye-ngetshekhi, nto leyo enokuthi eqaliswe ulawulo, zabelo, ii-arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho, njl Kukholelwa ukuba uphicotho lokhuseleko lolwazi kuyacetyiswa (kodwa hayi efunekayo) ukuba enze rhoqo kwisithuba sexesha iseti ixesha. Kodwa abanye imibutho kunye namashishini, ngokomthetho, loo inyanzelekile (umzekelo, amaziko ezemali kunye nemibutho, iinkampani ngokudibeneyo stock, kunye nabanye.).

ukhuseleko ulwazi yophicotho lwangaphakathi yinkqubo rhoqo. Oku kusekelwe phezu "Regulations on Internal Audit" okhethekileyo. Yintoni na? Enyanisweni, oku imisebenzi iziqinisekiso kwenziwa umbutho, ngokwemigaqo evunyiweyo ziziphathamandla. Uphicotho yokhuseleko ulwazi hlulo ekhethekileyo noshowo lweshishini.

Ukuhlelwa Alternative zokuphicothwa kweencwadi

Ngaphandle ukwahlulwa echazwe ngentla-kwiiklasi kwimeko ngokubanzi, ukuze sikwazi ukubona amacandelo ezininzi eyenziwe ngokuhlelwa ngamazwe:

• Ingcaphephe ekuhloleni isimo lokhuseleko kunye nolwazi iinkqubo iinkcukacha ngokusekelwe kumava leengcali, Umqhubi wayo;
• iinkqubo zesiqinisekiso kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko lokuthobela kunye nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (ISO 17799) kunye nezixhobo yomthetho wesizwe olumiselwe lo msebenzi;
• uhlalutyo ukhuseleko lweenkqubo zolwazi kunye nokusetyenziswa iindlela zobugcisa lujoliswe ekubhaqeni semngciphekweni ezinokwenzeka kwi-software ne-hardware ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha kunokusetyenziswa kwaye ebizwa ngokuba uphicotho ebanzi, ebandakanya zonke iintlobo ngasentla. Hi ndlela leyi, unika iziphumo kakhulu njongo.

iinjongo sadlala kunye neenjongo

Nawuphi ngokuqinisekisa, nokuba ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle, siqala ukubeka neenjongo kunye neenjongo. Ngamafutshane, kufuneka sijonge ukuba kutheni na, uya kuvavanywa njani kwaye yintoni ukuba. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokuphumeza inkqubo yonke.

Imisebenzi, kuxhomekeka kubume ezithile kwishishini, umbutho, iziko kunye nemisebenzi yayo inokuba kakhulu okuninzi. Noko ke, ezintweni zonke kolu khutsho, injongo enobunye kophengululo zokhuseleko ulwazi:

• uvavanyo imo yokhuseleko ulwazi kunye nolwazi neenkqubo;
• uhlalutyo ngeengozi umngcipheko sokungena kwi IP ngaphandle kwaye kuzise sokuphamazisa enjalo;
• kwasendaweni Imingxuma kunye izikhewu kwinkqubo yokhuseleko;
• uhlalutyo umgangatho ofanelekileyo ukhuseleko iisistim zengcaciso nemigangatho ekhoyo kunye nezenzo zolawulo zomthetho;
• uphuhliso kunye nokunikezelwa kweengcebiso ezibandakanya ukususwa iingxaki ezikhoyo, kwakunye nokuphuculwa amayeza ezikhoyo kunye nokwaziswa izinto ezintsha.

izixhobo Indlela kunye nophicotho

Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga nendlela itshekhi kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo kwaye kuthetha ukuba lubandakanya.

Uphicotho yokhuseleko ulwazi iqulathe izigaba ezininzi:

• eziqalisa iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa (nenkcazelo ecacileyo amalungelo noxanduva zincwadi, umphicothi-zincwadi lijonga ekulungiseleleni esi sicwangciso kunye nolungelelaniso yayo ulawulo, umbuzo kwemida yesi sifundo, nokubekwa kumalungu ukuzibophelela lombutho inkathalo amalungiselelo kwangethuba ingcaciso echaphazelekayo);
• ukuqokelela idatha yokuqala (isakhiwo yokhuseleko, ukusasazwa iimpawu zokhuseleko, amanqanaba ukhuseleko yokusebenza kwenkqubo iindlela uhlalutyo zokufumana nokunika ulwazi, ukuzimisela lamajelo zonxibelelwano kunye nonxibelelwano IP kunye nezinye izakhiwo, uluhlu lwemigangatho yabasemagunyeni abasebenzisi uthungelwano lwekhompyutha, imithetho elandelwayo ukuzimisela, njl);
• lenze uhlolo olubanzi okanye ngokungaphelelanga;
• Uhlalutyo data (uhlalutyo komngcipheko naluphi uhlobo kunye nokuthotyelwa);
• ukukhutshwa izindululo ukusombulula iingxaki ezinokubakho;
• kombiko.

Inqanaba lokuqala yeyona ilula, ngenxa yokuba isigqibo sayo kwenziwa kuphela phakathi ulawulo inkampani kunye zincwadi. Imida uhlahlelo nako kuqwalaselwa kwintlanganiso jikelele labasebenzi okanye zabelo. le Zonke kwaye ezinxulumene ngakumbi intsimi ngokusemthethweni.

Isigaba sesibini ukuqokelelwa kwedatha olusisiseko, nokuba yinto uphicotho lwangaphakathi zokhuseleko ulwazi okanye isatifikethi ozimeleyo lwangaphandle yeyona kakhulu resource-olunzulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba kweli nqanaba kufuneka uhlole kuphela amaxwebhu yezobugcisa ephathelele yonke hardware kunye software, kodwa ukuba unciphise-ndlebe abasebenzi zenkampani, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi nkqu ugcwalisa lwemibuzo ezizodwa okanye uphando.

Ke ukuba amaxwebhu zobugcisa, kubalulekile ukufumana idata kwi kubume IC kunye namanqanaba ephambili Awunamalungelo akugqithisela abasebenzi balo, ukuze ukuchonga inkqubo-ngokubanzi kunye nesicelo software (i operating system izicelo zoshishino, ulawulo kunye accounting), kwakunye ukhuselo ezisekiweyo software kunye nohlobo non-nkqubo (unqulo software, firewalls, njalo njalo). Ukongeza, oku kuquka ukuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo kothungelwano kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo zonxibelelwano (umbutho womnatha, imithetho elandelwayo ezisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene, iintlobo amajelo onxibelelwano, ukosuleleka kunye neendlela ulwamkelo ulwazi nokuphuma kwemali, kwaye ngaphezulu). Njengoko kucacile, kuthatha ixesha elininzi.

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, iindlela yophicotho zokhuseleko lolwazi. Bangabantu ezintathu:

• Uhlalutyo lomngcipheko (ubuchule zinzima, ngokusekelwe ukumiselwa yomphicothi ukuya kwii-mthetho IP ingqibelelo yawo usebenzisa zonke iindlela kunokwenzeka kunye nezixhobo);
• uvavanyo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho kunye nemithetho (indlela elula asebenzisekayo ngokusekelwe uthelekiso imeko yangoku nemicimbi kunye neemfuno nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye namaxwebhu yasekhaya entsimini ukhuseleko iinkcukacha);
• indlela ezidibeneyo ohlanganisa ezimbini zokuqala.

Emva kokufumana iziphumo ukuqinisekiswa ucazululo lwabo. Funds Audit ukhuseleko ulwazi, okusetyenziselwa kuhlalutyo, ibe kakhulu kuhluka. Konke kuxhomekeke nkcukacha lweshishini, uhlobo lolwazi, isoftware oyisebenzisayo, ukhuselo njalo njalo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kubonakala kwi indlela yokuqala, umphicothi ikakhulu kufuneka sithembele namava abo.

Nokuba kuthetha kuphela ukuba kufuneka baqeqeshwe ngokupheleleyo candelo lezobuchwepheshe bolwazi kunye nokukhuselwa data. Ngokusekelwe kolu hlahlelo, umphicothi ebese ngeengozi.

Qaphela ukuba kufuneka asebenze nje kuphela kwinkqubo yokusebenza okanye inkqubo esetyenziselwa, umzekelo, ushishino okanye accounting, kodwa ukuqonda ngokucacileyo indlela ohlaselayo kusichukumisa kwinkqubo ulwazi ngenjongo ubusela, umonakalo kunye nokonakaliswa data, nokudalwa zangaphambili ngezenzo zolwaphulo computer, ukusasazeka iintsholongwane okanye malware.

Ukuvavanywa iziphumo zophicotho kunye nezindululo ukuze kulungiswe iingxaki

Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo ingcali iqukumbela malunga nemeko yokhuseleko aze anike iingcebiso ukujongana iingxaki ezikhoyo okanye isakhono, ngokulungiswa, njl Iziphakamiso kufuneka nje ube nobulungisa, kodwa ibotshelelwe ngokucacileyo zenene nkcukacha lweshishini. Ngamanye amazwi, iingcebiso malunga nokuphucula uqwalaselo iikhompyutha okanye software akavumelekile. Oku ngokulinganayo usebenza icebiso ukugxothwa kwabasebenzi "zisebenze", ukufaka iinkqubo tracking entsha ngaphandle kokucacisa ndawo, indawo kunye nokufaneleka.

Ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo, njengoko umthetho, kukho amaqela umngcipheko eziliqela. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba iqulunqe ingxelo isishwankathelo usebenzisa zalathisi ezimbini eziphambili: (. Ilahleko-asethi, ukuncitshiswa igama, ukulahlekelwa umfanekiso, njalo njalo) amathuba kuhlasela kanye umonakalo owenzeke inkampani ngenxa yoko. Noko ke, ukusebenza maqela azifani. Umzekelo, isibonisi-level ephantsi amathuba uhlaselo yeyona ilungileyo. Ngenxa yomonakalo - phezu koko.

Kuphela ke yadibanisa ingxelo iinkcukacha ipeyintwe zonke izigaba, iindlela kunye neendlela zophando. Yena livumile kunye nenkokheli nesayinwe macala mabini - kwinkampani umphicothi. Ukuba zincwadi lwangaphakathi, ingxelo yintloko unit oluhloniphiweyo kwesakhiwo, emva koko, kwakhona, zisayinwe yintloko.

Uphicotho yokhuseleko ulwazi: Umzekelo

Ekugqibeleni, siye sihlolisise umzekelo elula imeko osele kwenzekile. Abaninzi, ngasendleleni, kusenokubonakala eziqhelekileyo kunokubangela.

Umzekelo, abasebenzi yokuthenga lenkampani eUnited States, esekwe kwi-ICQ nangoko isithunywa ikhompyutha (igama lomqeshwa kunye negama inkampani nagama ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo). Uthethwano zaqhutywa kanye ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo. Kodwa "ICQ" kakhulu babuthathaka imiqathango yezokhuseleko. Self umsebenzi kwi iinombolo zobhaliso ngelo xesha okanye akazange abe idilesi yemeyile, okanye nje akazange afune ukuba ayinike. Kunoko, walatha into efana e-mail, yaye azikho kwaukubakho domain.

Yini umhlaseli? Njengoko kuboniswe yi uphicotho lokhuseleko lolwazi, kuya kubhaliswa kanye domain enye wadala kuba kuso, omnye terminal ubhaliso, uze nako ukuthumela umyalezo inkampani Mirabilis onelungelo inkonzo ICQ, ecela iphasiwedi ngenxa kwilahleko yayo (ukuba kungenziwa ). Njengoko yento umncedisi weposi yayingekho, yayifakwe ukukuthumelela - eyithumela i imeyile umhlaseli ekhoyo.

Ngenxa yoko, yena ufumana ufikelelo imbalelwano kunye nenombolo ICQ elinikiweyo kwaye yazisa umthengisi ukutshintsha idilesi nomamkeli impahla kwilizwe elithile. Ngoko ke, impahla kuthunyelwa kwindawo angayaziyo. Kwaye ke mzekelo engenabungozi. Ngoko ke, ukuziphatha phithi. Yaye kuthekani imigewu kakhulu abakwaziyo ukwenza kakhulu ngakumbi ...

isiphelo

Nantsi i emfutshane bonke enokuthanani zincwadi yokhuseleko IP. Kakade ke, oko alichatshazelwa zizo zonke iinkalo kuyo. Isizathu nje ukuba ekuyilweni iingxaki kunye neendlela zokuziphatha yayo kuchaphazela ezininzi izinto, ngoko ke indlela kwimeko nganye esokuba ngamnye. Ukongeza, iindlela kunye neendlela yophicotho yokhuseleko ulwazi nomahluko pha ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, ndiyacinga, imigaqo jikelele mvavanyo ukuba abaninzi ziyacaca nokuba kwinqanaba lokuqala.