Ukuba mkhuba njengoko ibandakanya njengenqobo inyaniso?

Philosophy - abstract yezenzululwazi. Ngenxa yoko, ingcamango "inyaniso" kukhulu akanankathalo.

Le ambiguity wenyaniso

Kulula ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingxelo yinyani ukuba iswekile luvaliwe. Nantsi isitya iswekile, loo nto elitshixiweyo apho iswekile igcinwe. Yonke into efunekayo - vele uye ubone. Akukho ingcamango mntu unikwa nokuba yintoni na iswekile, kwaye siyakuqwalaselwa izinto ekhuselekileyo ezikhoyo nangengqwalasela enkulu, ukuba igumbi icinyiwe isibane kwaye ngefanitshala kubonwa. Ngo bulumko, kufuneka nje ukuba okokuqala ucacise ukuba yintoni na inyaniso yaye kuquka ukucinga njengenqobo inyaniso. Ngokuba kulunge ukuba wonke umntu uyayiqonda into eyahlukileyo phantsi la magama abstract.

Inyaniso zobulumko ezahlukeneyo kuchaziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Olu luvo njongo ezikhona, kunye nokuqonda enobuchule le elikuwo esisiseko, kuqinisekiswa yi ukuqiqa, ubungqina uvavanyo ngokuxhomekeke bashile, amava ngokoqobo aqinisekiswe.

Iindlela inyaniso uthola

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba isikolo bulumko, akukho nzulu ngezinto nako ukunika indlela ukukhangela theses, hayi ukuvuka ekugqibeleni ukuya amava oluvo. Practice nje kwingongoma nganye inyaniso ibandakanya, ngokutsho kubameli kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo zokucinga,, iindlela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha ahlobene:

• isiqinisekiso inkanuko;
• organic esihambisanayo nale nkqubo jikelele ulwazi malunga zehlabathi;
• isiqinisekiso sokuhlola;
• kwemvume yoluntu, ingqina ukunyaniseka imibono.

Nganye kwezi zinto inika enye indlela test yokuqiqa okanye nje indlela yabo kubo zokumakisha i "yinyaniso / bobuxoki 'ngokungqinelana nemigaqo kwangaphambili.

Sensualist and rationalists

Ngokutsho sensationalists (abameli enye kwemisinga bulumko) practice njengekhrayitheriya inyaniso iquka amava kusekelwe embonweni oluvo zehlabathi. Xa sibuyela kumzekelo iswekile, isifaniso ungadluliselwa. Ukuba amehlo ukuba ngenxa akuyiboni into efana into oyifunayo, kwa neengalo zakhe bacinga ukuba isitya neswekile alunanto, ngoko ngokwenene likhona na iswekile.

Rationalists bakholelwa ukuba lo mkhuba ngendlela njengenqobo wenyaniso kuquka yonke into kodwa siyazazi. Bakholelwa ukuba, kufanele, ukuba mizwa ingaba belahlekisa, bakhetha bathembele logic abstract: nokuqiqa kunye izibalo. Oko kukuthi, ukufumanisa ukuba isitya neswekile alunanto, oko kuyimfuneko yokuqala yonke kwamathandabuzo. Ngaba akukho akhohlise izivamvo? Ngesiquphe kwaba ezingekho? Ukuvavanya inyaniso kusakhelwa, kuyimfuneko ukuba irisithi ukusuka kwivenkile ukubona indlela iswekile eninzi yathengwa kwaye nini. Emva koko silibale imveliso sele bagqitywe, kwaye avelise ezinye izibalo ezilula. Indlela kuphela ukuze ufumanise ukuba kanye ukuba iswekile eninzi luntu.

kuphuhliso olungaphezulu kolu luvo kukhokelele ukuvela ingcamango kunamathelwano. Ngokutsho abaxhasi mbono, abenza njengoko ibandakanya njengenqobo inyaniso hayi ngokujonga izibalo, kodwa nje ukuhlalutya ukuzalana izibakala. Kufuneka zihambelane nenkqubo ngokubanzi ulwazi malunga ihlabathi, ukuba ukungena ungquzulwano kunye nayo. Akukho mfuneko ngexesha ngalinye ukubala kwemali yeswekile uku bana phandle akunjalo. Okwaneleyo ukuseka imithetho ekuqiqeni. Ukuba iikhilogram ngesifo sephepha eqhelekileyo ihlala ngeveki, yaye yaziwa ngokuba ezithile, ngoko, ukufumana sugar isitya engenanto ngoMgqibelo, sinako ukuthemba amava abo izimvo umyalelo ehlabathini.

Pragmatists kunye conventionalists

Pragmatists bakholelwa ukuba lwazi kufuneka kube yimpumelelo ingakumbi nxamnye nabo kufuneka okulungileyo. Ukuba ulwazi luyasebenza, oko kuthetha yinyaniso. Ukuba ayisebenzi okanye ayisebenzi kakuhle, ukunika isiphumo esezantsi-umgangatho, oko kuthetha amanga. Kuba practice nesebenzayo njengoko ibandakanya njengenqobo inyaniso, kunoko, orientation iziphumo ezibonakalayo. Yintoni umahluko, ukuba izibalo kunye bathi loo mvakalelo? Iti kufuneka ube mnandi. Ayinyaniso ngayo izigqibo eziya kubonelela nomphumela. De siqaphela ukuba asinalo iswekile, iti elithozamisayo nakanye. Kulungile, lixesha ukuya evenkileni.

Conventionalists bakholelwa ukuba lo mkhuba ngendlela njengenqobo inyaniso kakhulu ibandakanya ingqalelo yoluntu inyaniso. Ukuba wonk 'umntu okholelwa into elungileyo, ngoko ndlela ekuyiyo. Ukuba wonke umntu indlu bathi iswekile akukho mfuneko ukuya evenkileni. Ukuba usela iti ngetyuwa yaye babanga ukuba limnandi, ngoko kubo ityuwa neswekile zifana ncam. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ugcwalise iswekile shaker.

Marxists

Sobulumko, owathi ukuba lo mkhwa njengekhrayitheriya senyaniso kubandakanya lwesayensi, yena uKarl Marx. ezibonakalayo azinikele, wababuza ukuqinisekiswa nayiphi hypothesis ngokomfuniselo, yaye ngokukhethekayo kanye. Ukuba siyaqhubeka kunye umzekelo yeswekile isitya esincinane engenanto, ngoko kaMarx azinikele kufuneka Tyhila iphepha uze ukuyishukumisa, uze wenze okufanayo ezineengxowa engenanto. Ngoko zama zonke izinto kwindlu efana iswekile. Uyacetyiswa ukuba ukucela ukuphinda la manyathelo izalamane okanye abamelwane ukuya esiphelweni kuqinisekiswa abantu abaliqela ukuze aphephe iimpazamo. Ngapha koko, xa lo mkhuba ngendlela njengenqobo senyaniso kubandakanya lwesayensi, kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo iimpazamo kunokwenzeka kwihambo yawo. Kuphela ke singatsho kakuhle ukuba isitya neswekile akananto.

Kwaye ingaba kukho inyaniso?

Ingxaki zonke ezi izigqibo kukuba namnye kubo akusosiqinisekiso sokuba kwaba ngendlela ethile imveliso aya kuba yinyaniso. Ezo iinkqubo bulumko, leyo ngokuyintloko isekelwe kumava kunye nemigqaliselo ukuze sibaphendule engagqibekanga, elibanzi iqinisekisiwe. Ngaphezu koko, xa isakhelo kwabo reference lulwazi akunakwenzeka njongo. Ngenxa yokuba kukho ukuqonda ngokoluvo kungenziwa ukukhohliswa zezi mvakalelo efanayo. Umntu waphazamiseka, bangabhala ngodaba malunga iidemon, engqina into nganye eliyiqapheleyo kunye neemvakalelo. Colorblind, echaza itumata akaxoki. Kodwa uya inyaniso ingcaciso enikwe kubo? Ngokuba kuye, ewe, kodwa abanye? Kubonakala ukuba lo mkhuba ngendlela njengenqobo wenyaniso ibandakanya ukuthembela embonweni zesimo amava, inyaniso ayikho, isenziwa wonke. Yaye akukho namnye yemifuniselo akakhange azilungise.

Iindlela ezisekelwe ingqiqo kwesivumelwano zentlalo, nayo imibuzo. Ukuba inyaniso - into abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba kunjalo, ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaba uthe tyaba, yalala phezu neminenga umva yakhe embalwa kwiminyaka engamawaka eyadlulayo? Kuba abemi belo xesha, Kakade ke, iyinene, kungenjalo akukho mfuneko ulwazi. Kodwa ngoxa Umhlaba kwakusekho ngeenxa zonke! Kubonakala kwakukho nyaniso zimbini? Okanye akukho? Le bullfight ibizwa mzuzu wenyaniso kwidabi enkunzi yenkomo kunye bullfighter. Mhlawumbi le yinyaniso kuphela into ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukuba isiphukuphuku.

Kakade ke, nganye kwezi mbono into elungileyo. Kodwa akukho namnye kubo bonke. Kwaye kufuneka ukudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo sokuNgqinisisa ngeenkolelo, ngokuvuma ukusilela. Mhlawumbi ultimate inyaniso injongo kunye ukuyiqonda. Kodwa kwenzeka ke, singakwazi ukuthetha kuphela malunga iqondo isondele kuyo.