Ukhuselo Air nokungcoliswa eRashiya ehlabathini

ukhuselo Air nokungcoliswa kumhla wethu uye waba ngomnye ephambili oluntu. Ngapha koko, xa kungekho manzi umntu angaphila iintsuku eziliqela ngaphandle ukutya - iiveki ezimbalwa, unako ukuyenza, yaye imizuzu embalwa ngaphandle emoyeni. Emva ukuphefumla - yinkqubo eqhubekayo.

Siphila emazantsi lweyesihlanu, umoya, izijikelezi ocean, elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba emoyeni. Ukuba akunjalo, ubomi emhlabeni ngeke sazi ukuba lilixa lokugqibela.

air bokwakha

Ukubunjwa umoya rhoqo ukususela kwixesha yimbonakalo uluntu. Siyazi ukuba 78% zezulu - kodwa i-nitrogen, 21% ioksijini accounted for. Umxholo argon emoyeni kunye carbon dioxide kunye yi malunga ne-1%. Nazo zonke ezinye yeegesi kwi isixa kusinika inani elincinane loo 0,0004%.

Ukuba oku kwenzeka ngokufanayo neminye imimoya? Kukho ezininzi: methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, oxides isalfure, helium, emanzini kunye nabanye. Nangona amanani abo emoyeni ayitshintshi, loo nto ilungile. Kodwa ukwanda uyondelelwano lwee- nayiphi na kuzo kwenzeka ungcoliseko lomoya. Kwaye le mimoya ngokoqobo ityhefu ubomi bethu.

Ukuba abantu bafuna ukulondoloza impilo, ukukhuselwa umoya kungcoliseko kubalulekile.

Neziphumo zotshintsho kuhlanganiselo umoya

Ungcoliseko lomoya kuyingozi yinyaniso yokuba abantu kukho iintlobo negazi lakho. Ngokutsho oogqirha, umzimba amaninzi kubangelwa yinto yokuba amajoni omzimba abantu abakwazi ukubona imichiza eyenziwayo wadala hayi ngendalo kodwa umntu. Ngoko ke, ukhuselo umoya ococekileyo lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthintelweni kwezifo komzimba ebantwini.

Rhoqo ngonyaka kukho isixa esikhulu kwezinto imichiza entsha. Bathi nokwakhiwa emoyeni kwizixeko ezinkulu, apho ngenxa liyanda inani labantu bathwaxwa izifo zemiphunga. Akumangalisi ukuba phezu amaziko zoshishino ijinga phantse rhoqo ilifu eyityhefu kwenkungu edibene nomsi.

Nokuba wambu ngumkhenkce kwaye elingamiweyo Antarctica na wahlala angazihoyi inkqubo ungcoliseko. Ayimangalisi loo nto, kuba umoya - kunazo zonke esicwangciswe Yomhlaba. A intshukumo komoya akakwazi ukuyeka okanye zazineepanele phakathi kwamazwe okanye kwiintaba okanye ulwandle.

imithombo yongcoliseko

izityalo amandla obushushu, metallurgical kunye nezityalo yamachiza zingcolisayo eziphambili umoya. Nomsi ezivela amashishini imibhobho ezinjalo esizigubungeleyo imigama emide ngumoya, ekhokelela ukunwenwa ezingcolisayo kwi amashumi yeekhilomitha ukusuka kumthombo.

Kuba imizi emikhulu luphawulwa kwemikrozo yeemoto, apho amawaka iduma iimoto kunye injini esebenzayo. iigesi exhaust ziqulathe carbon monoxide, kwenitrojeni, ukutshiswa engaphelelanga zepetroli kunye izinto ezithile. Ngamnye kubo ngendlela yaso na eyingozi empilweni.

Carbon monoxide buphazamisana oksijini omzimba, ebangela ukuqhubela kwezifo sentliziyo yegazi. Amasuntswana eziqinileyo ukugqobhoza ukungena emiphungeni kwaye ifakwe kuzo, waba unobangela sombefu, izifo umzimba. Hydrocarbon kunye nitrogen monoxide angumthombo zokuncipha ozone kwaye zibangela mxube wenkungu nomsi ezixekweni.

Ingabe leyo inkulu yoyikekayo

Uphawu lokuqala kakhulu ukuba ufuna ukhuseleko ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya, Lelona laba "Lo mxube enkulu" ngowe-1952 e-London. Ngenxa yoko, le nangenxa yokudodobala wesixeko inkungu sulphur dioxide lasekwa ngo ukutshiswa kwamalahle maziko, izityalo amandla thermal kunye nezityalo kwibhoyila, ikomkhulu United Kingdom iintsuku ezintathu mandife ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini.

amaxhoba Lo mxube abantu malunga 4 amawaka, yaye omnye 100 eliwaka exacerbation kwezifo zeenkqubo bokuphefumla sentliziyo. Yaye okwesihlandlo sokuqala endle waqalisa ukuthetha ngento efunekayo ukuze ukhuselo moya esixekweni.

Umphumo waba ukwamkelwa ngo-1956 umthetho "Clean Air", ama amalahle eziko. Ekubeni kumazwe amaninzi, ukhuseleko umoya kungcoliseko ekhuselwe ngumthetho.

umthetho Russian on yokhuseleko emoyeni

ERashiya, isenzo somthetho iphambili kule intsimi ke uMthetho Federal "On Protection Air".

Bazenza imigangatho umgangatho womoya (azinantsholongwane kwaye yococeko) kunye nemigangatho komoya. Umthetho ufuna ubhaliso karhulumente ukuba kwezinto ungcolisa kwaye iyingozi kwaye imfuneko yemvume ekhethekileyo ezikhutshwayo zazo. Production kunye nokusetyenziswa fuel kunokwenzeka kuphela xa amafutha kwi iziqinisekiso zokhuseleko komoya.

Ukuba iqondo lomngcipheko umntu nendalo ayifakwanga, ukukhululwa kwezinto ezifana emoyeni akuvumelekanga. Imisebenzi kwezolimo ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba iisistim zokucoca iigesi kunye neenkqubo zokulawula zeemoto. Izithuthi ngaphezu lwee- izinto ezinobungozi bokukhutshwa aziyi kusetyenziswa.

ku Protection Air Act nayo umisela imisebenzi abemi kunye namashishini. Kuba ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezinobungozi emoyeni ngaphezu kwemimiselo ezikhoyo, ukuba ngokusemthethweni kwaye kakuhle imali. Kulo mzekelo, intlawulo izohlwayo ayikhululeli kwimfanelo ukuseka inkqubo inkunkuma ukusulungekiswa igesi.

Kakhulu "ezimdaka" isixeko eRashiya

Iziganeko on yokhuseleko air kubalulekile ngokukodwa kwezo ndawo zokuhlala ukuba iRussia songeza uluhlu izixeko kunye nemiqathango olunzima kakhulu kwezendalo, kubandakanywa kwi ungcoliseko lomoya. It Azov, Achinsk, Barnaul, Beloyarsk, Blagoveshchensk, Bratsk, Volgograd, Volzhsky, Dzerzhinsk, Ekaterinburg, Winter, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Kurgan, Kyzyl, Lesosibirsk, Magnitogorsk, Minusinsk, eMoscow, Naberezhnye Chelny, Neryungri, Nizhnekamsk, eNizhniy Tagil, Novokuznetsk , Novocherkassk, Norilsk, Rostov-on-Don, Selenginsk, Solikamsk, aseStavropol, Sterlitamak, yaseTver, Ussuriysk, Chernogorsk Chita, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk.

Ndiwukhusele lo mzi ngenxa yongcoliseko lomoya

Air Guard phakathi komzi kufuneka uqale ekupheliseni kwemikrozo yeemoto, ingakumbi ngexesha rush. Ngoko ke ukwakha iziphambuka zendlela ukuze emi iirobhothi, yaqalisa indlela enye-traffic ezitalatweni parallel, kunye nabanye. Ukuze ukunciphisa inani lezithuthi wakha indlela bypass elidlulileyo le dolophu. Kwizixeko ezininzi ezikhulu, kukho iintsuku uxolo xa kwizithili esembindini bavumelekile ukuba ahambe kuphela izithuthi zikawonke kunye imoto labucala ekubhetele ukuzithetha ngolwimi egaraji.

Kumazwe aseYurophu afana Holland, Denmark, Lithuania, iimbono ezona balapho bakholelwa uthutho ezidolophini sezicetyiwe ibhayisekile. Yokuba ngokoqoqosho, kufuneka akukho amafutha, akuthethi singcolisa umoya. Yaye akoyiki of kwemikrozo yeemoto. Kwaye ke inzuzo evela kwizifundo ezinoqweqwe lunika plus eyongezelelweyo.

Kodwa umgangatho womoya kwiindawo ezisezidolophini kuxhomekeke kuphela kwizithuthi. amashishini Industrial zixhotyiswe kunye neenkqubo air ngokuhlanjululwa abadlelwa rhoqo esweni ungcoliseko. Smokestacks zizama ukwenza ephezulu umsi dissipated hayi esixekweni, yaye kuthwalelwa ngaphaya. Oku akuthethi ukusombulula yonke le ngxaki, kodwa ukunciphisa lwee- izinto ezinobungozi emoyeni. Ngenjongo enye, oko kuthintelwe nokwakhiwa kwamashishini amatsha 'ezimdaka "kwizixeko ezikhulu.

Oku kungathathwa lokudambisa. Kwaye lo mlinganiselo - ke Ukufakelwa kobuchwepheshe non inkunkuma-, apho kungekho ndawo ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma.

ulawulo lomlilo

Abantu abaninzi khumbula ihlobo ka-2010, xa izixeko ezininzi Central Russia bathinjwa kwenkungu edibene nomsi ophuma nja-. Abahlali kwezinye iindawo zokuhlala kwafuneka ukuba asuswe, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa ingozi yemililo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ummandla enamandla yomsi. Ngoko ke, imilinganiselo yokukhusela umoya kufuneka zibandakanye uthintelo kunye nolawulo behlathi kunye umgquba imililo, omabini zingcolisi zendalo esesibhakabhakeni.

ukubambisana international

ukhuselo umoya kungcoliseko - kuba Russia kuphela okanye naliphi na elinye ilizwe elinye. Eneneni, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, intshukumo umoya ayisazi imida karhulumente. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile nje nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe.

Umnxibelelanisi ephambili ngemisebenzi kumazwe awahlukeneyo kwi-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo yi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. I-UN General Assembly ichaza indlela engundoqo yomgaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo, imigaqo yobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe ngokwesimo. Ziphelelwa kwinkomfa yamazwe ngamazwe malunga nemiba zosulele yokusingqongileyo, yenza izindululo kukhuselo yendalo, kuquka amanyathelo ukukhusela umoya. Inceda uphuhliso intsebenziswano kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini ukuba ukukhusela okusingqongileyo.

Ukuba uMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo uqalise utyikitye isivumelwano olumacala yokhuseleko emoyeni, ukhuselo ozone kunye namanye amaxwebhu amaninzi malunga kakuhle-ntle kokusingqongileyo zehlabathi. Kuba ngoku, wonke umntu uyazi - Umhlaba abe mnye kwaphela, kwaye imozulu nalo mnye.