Uhlobo kubugcisa obubonwayo. amagcisa uhlobo

Wonke ulwalathiso bokubeka iye abalandeli zayo nabagxeki. Kodwa uhlobo kwezobugcisa omhle ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo - lubandakanya eninzi abasephantsi, etsala ababukeli esonwabisa iyelenqe yaye ngokufuthi alahlwe ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuba abanye kubonakala ezincinane kakhulu kwaye anecdotal. Bambi abagxeki wachitha iminyaka bezama ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba kufuneka ukuba ubhale routine. Okwangoku, amagcisa bayaqhubeka ukusebenzisa olu hlobo ukupeyinta, kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo - ukuba nemihlali kwimifanekiso ezinjalo onovuyo ukuba uwuthenge zangaphakathi.

Njengoko lo mkhwa kuvela?

imifanekiso yobomi bemihla ngemihla bakhuthaza abantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Emva koko ubuciko indlela yentsebenziswano nehlabathi ngaphandle, ukuzama ukuphucula iziphumo izithethe zobugqi. Ngoko ke, la manani bagwayimbile ngenxa ngobuhle bayo imvakalelo. Imizobo yamandulo yaseYiputa iisampuli iiplastiki ezincinane ukuvakalisa abasebenzi mibala ngemihla ziquka usapho, uthando, yeqonga, izigcawu ikhathuni. Pliniy Starshy wabhala ngo "History Natural 'yakhe ubukho amagcisa ezithile, kuthatha umfanekiso iivenkile ngabachebi kunye izicathulo.

Uhlobo zobuciko lamaKristu okuqala

Nokuqala unqulo olutsha sokuba kubekho elwayo, ezimela la mangcwaba kwaye usebenzisa ikhowudi eyimfihlo. Uhlobo kwezobugcisa emihle xesha, kakhulu, wathembela okuzekeliswayo imfihlelo - imizobo nokuloba wathetha imiboniso ngobhaptizo kunye ukwakhiwa sayithi thsuphe ekudalweni ibandla, limatshawe okuchwayitha kwakujongwe ukuba zibonise aph lemiphefumlo kwindawo yokuhlala yasezulwini. Kungenxa ekuqaleni ulwalathiso mibala zamaKristu upasisiwe zobugcisa kumaxesha, apho imifanekiso ezo asetyenziswa kwiikholam kwaye imibhalo ngqangi. Ukongeza, le sesakhiwo xesha, naye, kwaba uhlobo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi - imizekelo bunokubonwa iipateni ilitye icawa Gothic ebonisa abathezi beenkuni abalusi, newayini-abenzi kunye nabosi bezonka. Izinto ezinjalo kubonisa ngokucacileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha emhlabeni, ezele imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Uphuhliso ngokuqondisa Renaissance

Ekuqaleni elinesihlanu uhlobo ngenkulungwane painting waye esongezelelwe ngendlela ngendlela ekhethekileyo. Amagcisa baqala ukumela zomkhosi kunye yomtshato kweembasa, kwakunye imiboniso kwi ubomi kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo. Njengokuba kwakunjalo ngemihla yamandulo, zonke iinkcukacha ngabapeyinti bafuna ukuvala umfanekiso. Amakhandlela ziye ebonisa ubomi babantu, iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo - ngokutyeba, nentaka endlwaneni baboniswa nyulu intombazana kunye umtshayelo yaba indlela lahla kuphela, inkunkuma, kodwa kwimimoya emdaka. Yonke into kunye isiganeko kubulala kwezinye uhlobo amanyathelo kumabala emidlalo. Ke zonke ezi njengobuxoki kwadityaniswa ngokoqobo kakhulu yaye wathetha ngenyaniso yobomi.

Eyona nto iingcamango zonqulo, kunye nabantu kunye nehlabathi esemhlabeni, iinkcukacha zayo zonke. vandlakanyo lutsha Ingakumbi ephawuleka lamaxabiso ukuvela ndawo yemarike. Kunokuba iziqephu Evangelical amagcisa uhlobo waxelela abalimi, ngokukhuthazwa iziqhamo Mother Nature namandla yayo ayiphele ndawo. Esi simo sengqondo kubonakala kwi imizobo ka Pieter Bruegel Elder, Velazquez, Vermeer kunye Caravaggio. Iklasi liphantsi zaye ezotywe ngothando nomtsalane, ekube ngaphambili kwi ubugcisa.

Uhlobo ngemihla yiEnlightenment

Nangona Imizobo entle le Renaissance wayisa a didacticism ethile. Kungenxa yoko le nto ekuqaleni yiEnlightenment uhlobo kubugcisa bezinto ezibonakalayo waqalisa eside ngokwayo. Mibala siphila ubomi bentsapho cwaka ukuba kunxila nibaqhathe usizana - kakuhle, baba kakhulu ayithethi kwaye devalued kweli cala. Noko ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinethoba ihlabathi, kubandakanya amagcisa Russian le jenri wabuyela igunya lakhe yangaphambili. Umzekelo, ngumzobi uAleksandr ivanov ukupeyinta yakhe "imbonakalo uKrestu kubantu" Kufaka amacebiso ebalulekileyo ngale ndlela.

Venetsianov Imizobo ebonisa iingxaki zentlalo kunye imvakalelo omkhulu ngaphandle uhanahaniso, xa uhlobo ngokoqobo ezibalulekileyo na ukuthobela obukhulu zoncwadi lwe Fedora Dostoevskogo. Umbhali wabonisa ukuba ngabapeyinti zembali ibonisa oko uyazi ukuba kwenzeka njani, yaye Uhlobo ngabapeyinti - la okuzibonela apha izehlo ziboniswe.

salon painting

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, uhlobo kwafuneka lijongane ukwehla kwakhona. bazisa imifanekiso endlwaneni umfanekiso phantsi kwinqanaba amayelenqe engenanto, ukuhleba ezithandekayo. Kodwa kungekudala olu hlobo kwezobugcisa entle babuyela kwinqanaba yangaphambili - ukuvela Impressionism wabuya ixabiso. mathuba ezidlulayo, wayekwazi kwaqatshelwa amagcisa, bazaliswa ingqondo nto ngaphantsi Imizobo ezinkulu zembali, babuyele mihla ukubaluleka kwayo. iintsomi Okumangalisayo, imiqondiso zasekhaya - oko kukuthi izinto zanikelwa ukuba umfanekiso weendawo. Uhlobo enikezelwa iinkosi ezifana Petrov-Vodkin, Borisov-Musatov, Hodler kunye Segantini. mathuba ebuhlungu Lyrically ubomi zimelwe yi Corinne, kunye nemizobo Kustodiev imihla kwaziswa kulo mboniso, a wenyama ezimibalabala.

Uhlobo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini

A Ixesha elitsha uye kwicala bezobugcisa ukwahluka okukhulu eziphilayo. Kwakukho imifanekiso ipowusta, ngokuqaphela isigqebelo kunye nokuveza bulumko. Uhlobo kubugcisa bezinto ezibonakalayo uye waba indlela jikelele ukuyichazela ubomi ngokupheleleyo, kubandakanywa iiholide, izigcawu yobuntwana okanye ukwaluphala, imizobo, ezele ngokoqobo. Le canvases wenza imigudu ngoxolo. Ngokwahlukileyo ngemizobo psevdomonumentalnymi, ethandwayo ngenxa imeko yezopolitiko, indlela artless yobomi ngumfanekiso ngokwendalo novelwano. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini uhlobo wabonakala ziphilile, ukupeyinta ukucaphuka ibonisa ngokugqibeleleyo umoya ixesha yaye kwangaxeshanye ekwandiseni isithethe zaqhubeka ukususela kumaXesha Aphakathi.