Top Cities namadlelo. imizi sokulinganisa California

Ummandla waseMoscow, obizwa ngokuba yiPodmoskovem ngokungabonakaliyo, lilungu leQumrhu laseRussia eliyingxenye yeCentral Federal District. Iyintoni isikhungo sayo sokuphatha? Enyanisweni, lo ngumzi waseMoscow, kodwa amanye amagunya karhulumente alo mbutho awona kuphela kwisixeko saseRussia, kodwa kwisixeko saseKrasnogorsk.

Ebalazweni, ummandla waseMoscow unokufumaneka kwisitya somlambo u-Oka noVolga, iKlyazma noMoscow. Indawo yeNgingqi yaseMoscow yinxalenye ephambili ye-East European Plain.

Ngasenyakatho nakumntla-ntshona-ntshona kummandla we-Tverskaya. Empuma nasenyakatho-mpuma, abamelwane kunye neVladimirskaya. Xa unqobe umda osezantsi kummandla waseMoscow, unokufikelela kwingingqi yaseTula, kunye nasentshona ukuya eSmolensk. Umzantsi-ntshona kummandla waseMoscow u-Kaluga, kunye nezantsi-mpuma-Ryazan. Ngasenyakatho, ummandla waseMoscow unqamle ummandla waseYaroslavl. Kodwa le ndawo ayincinci.

Umhla wokubunjwa kwesithili saseMoscow ngu-14.01.1929. Ngaphambi kokuba (ukususela ngo-1708), le ntsimi yayiphondo.

Ummandla wafumana igama layo kwi-capital yaseRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, isixeko esiyinhloko selizwe lethu sihloko esahlukileyo seRussian Federation, singabandakanywa kwingingqi yaseMoscow.

Amadolophu angaphaya kweNdlela yaseMoscow Ring

Ngokomsebenzi wolwazi, abaninzi baseRussia bajonga iMoscow ukuba iyisixeko esivumela umntu ukuba aqonde ngokupheleleyo amandla abo. Enyanisweni, kwinqununu kukho izikhumbuzo ezininzi zokwakha, iminyuziyamu, iicawa kunye neendawo zembali. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zesigqi esinzima asishiyi kubemi bexesha lokutyelela kwabo. Ewe, xa iiveki ifika kunye neeholide elifutshane, amaMuscovites athambekile ekushiyeleleni imoto kunye nomzi. Ekuphumeni kwindlunkulu ngokwayo ungabona, njengommiselo, iindwendwe ezivela kuzo zonke iinkalo zaseRashiya nakwamanye amazwe.

Hlola kwaye ujabulele ukutyelela iindawo ezintle kunye nezolonkqonkqo zeMuscovites kunye nabakhenkethi abakwaziyo kwiidolophu zommandla waseMoscow. Kule meko, uhambo oluya kummandla luya kulondoloza imali, lunike ithuba lokuzonwabisa.

Kukho uluhlu oluthile, kubandakanywa iidolophu ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo zaseMoscow, apho kucetyiswa ukuba uqhelane ngakumbi. Unomdla kubo abo bazikhethela indlela yokutyelela. Ukuqhelana naloluhlu lunako kunye nalabo bathetha ukuthenga indawo eduze kwesixeko. Ungubani, ukulinganiswa kweendawo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu?

Isimo esihle

Izixeko ezicocekileyo zommandla waseMoscow zihlala kwimimandla esenyakatho-ntshona kunye nentshonalanga yommandla. Zitholakala kumgama omde ukusuka kwi-Road Ring Road (ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-100 km).
Ukulinganiswa kwezixeko ezifanelekileyo kummandla waseMoscow ngokubhekiselele kwimo engqongileyo ngo-2015 kuqhutywa ngu-Odintsovo. Olu lungiso lunokuziqhenya ngokukodwa kwimihlaba eyahlukeneyo kunye neyobomi, okwenza ikwazi ukubuyisela isityalo sayo.

Ubume be-Odintsovo bezinto eziphilayo zisekuhlaleni kwintsimi yehlathi elikufuphi, apho kuninzi inani leematato. Abemi belikhulu kunye nommandla waseMoscow bafuna apha ukuphucula impilo yabo ngoncedo lwe-sulphate-magnesium-calcium, enika izibonelelo zokuphilisa nokuphulukisa.

Kwindawo yesibini kwiluhlu lwe "Iidolophu ezilungileyo zommandla waseMoscow kwiimeko eziphilayo" nguK Korolev. Le yindawo enkulu yenzululwazi kunye nemveliso yommandla, ukucoceka kwemoya kugcinwa yiipaki ezininzi, izikwere kunye nezikhala eziluhlaza. Ininzi kwimihlaba yeso sixeko, ulawulo lwayo lunikezelwa phantsi kwelo lwakhiwo lwelizwe. Oku kwavunywa ukuba kwandiswe ngokukhawuleza ubunzima obunzima bokusekwa.

Iyesithathu phezulu "Izixeko ezilungileyo zeMoscow kwiimeko eziphilayo" nguDododedovo. Olu lungiso lujikelezwe macala ngamacandelo e-park-park, ehlambulula umoya. Kwintsimi yaseDomodedovo kukho inkqubela yokuphucula impilo "Bor" kunye nesitulo "iPodmoskovye". Ininzi yomhlaba weso sixeko unikwe imizi yeeholide. Eyona nto inomdla kulo mhlaba uqobo lwawo, kunye nehlathi lepine kunye nomhlathi wepaki.

Kwiindawo zokugqibela ekulinganisweni zizixeko ezinabantu abangaphantsi kwekhulu lamawaka. Ukucoceka ngokwemvelo kubonwa njengeNkanyezi kunye neReutov, eLosino-Petrovsky naseChernogolovka. UG. Fryazino, iJubhi, uKlimovsk noRoshal bagqiba uluhlu.

Isixeko sase-Istra asikabikho inkokheli yethu. I-Naro-Fomisk kunye noDmitrov azikho phezulu kwoluhlu lweendawo zokuhlala ezinobuhle. Isixeko saseKlin asifakiwe kuloluhlu. Nangona kunjalo, bafanelekile ingqalelo. Kule mizi, izibonelelo ezinobungakanani bendalo zenziwa ngokutsha kwaye iinkqubo ezijolise ekuhlambulukisweni kwemoya zisetyenziswa rhoqo. Siyabulela oku kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuzibona ezi zixeko kwindawo enobungqongileyo obusondeleyo kwixesha elizayo.

Thatha umzekelo waseKlin. Imeko yemo engqongileyo yonakaliswa yintlobo yeekhemikhali esebenza apha. Ukongezelela, kwiindawo ezikuloo mzi kufumaneka i-landfill, egcina ingcambu yeklasi ye-4 yeengozi. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje isityalo sokwenziwa kweekhemikhali sisetyenziswe ngokusisigxina kwimisebenzi yaso yokuvelisa. Iingcali zoshishini, kunye nabaphathi balo, zifunda i-science yezinto eziphilayo kwiikhosi ezizodwa zivuliwe kwisixeko. Apha bafundisa iinkqubo ezimbini, oku:

- Ukuphatha kakuhle izinto ezinobungozi nezingozi;
Ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokulawulwa kokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yendalo.

Kukuphi umoya waseMoscow umoya ongcolileyo?

Isixeko saseNoginsk sendawo yaseMoscow yintsimi apho amashishini angcolisa imo. Kukho amabhizinisi anjalo eMytishchi naseSergiev Posad, e-Orekhovo-Zuevo naseVoskresensk, e-Elektrostal naseYorkyevsk. Ngokwe-2012, umoya ongcolileyo kakhulu useMytishchi naseSerpukhov. Isixeko saseKolomna, ekubeni sisona sikhulu sezentengiselwano sendawo yaseMoscow, sinokubangela uxhalaba phakathi kweengcali zendalo.

Ukungcoliswa kwemoya kwindawo yePirogov iqhutywe yilahla yokulahla inkunkuma eyenziwa ngomoya okhoyo kwi-quarry Zhostovo. Le meko ayimnandi, kwaye uMnu Staraya Kupavna. Kwintsimi yale ndawo ikhona ishishini laseIsotope. Kwaye ukuba ngaphambili uMnu. Staraya Kupavna wayeyindawo ephumayo yokuphumla kwabo bathetha ukuchitha ixesha elide kunye nezitalato zezitalato ezinkulu, namhlanje ukuphila kwintsimi kwintsimi yezoshishino ezakhiwe apha.

Enye yezinto ezintle zikwasondele kakhulu kwi-Old Kupavna yaseMoscow kwaye iya kufutshane nomgwaqo omkhulu oxakekileyo, apho iimoto kunye namaloli ezihamba ngayo.

Ukulinganiswa kwezixeko ngabantu

Kukho uqikelelo lukaRosstat, owathola inani labantu abahlala kuMmandla waseMoscow ngo-01.01.2016. Ubemi beli qela elikhulu kunye nelininzi labantu baseRashiya ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-7.3.

Izixeko ezinkulu kwiMoscow ziBalashikha (260,000), iKhimki (232,000) kunye nePodolsk (223,000). Kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala ezingama-20 kuluhlu lweRosstat, abemi bayo bangaphezu kwamawaka ayi-100 abantu. Indawo yokugqibela, indawo engamashumi amabini idolophu yaseNoginsk, kwingingqi yaseMoscow. Unama-102 abantu abemi. Ezinye iidolophu ezingama-28 zinabantu abangama-30 ukuya ku-100 lamawaka. Iyona enkulu kunazo zonke - i-Dolgoprudny (98 iwaka). Kuluhlu olufanayo - uFryazino noKlin, i-Istra nabanye abaninzi. Uvala uluhlu lweedolophu ezifanayo eMohahak. Unabantu abangamawaka angama-30.

Iindlela zokutyelela

Izixeko ezilungileyo kakhulu zommandla yaseMoscow zanyulwa ngenxa yokuhamba kwazo kungekuphela kwabahlali belikhulu, kodwa kunye neendwendwe zayo. Nangona kunjalo ukuba ummandla usemncinci, ukuhlala kwiindawo ezininzi kwintsimi yayo kubonakala kude emva kwekhulu le-12 nele-14. Iindlela zokuhenketha zabathandwayo beembali ngazo zonke iindlela zidlulela kwiyona ndlela yamandulo. Kulapha ukuba unomdla kumanxuwa amakhulu, jonga kwiikhumbuzo zezakhiwo kunye nokuzulazula kwiindawo ezithandekayo intliziyo yaseRashiya. Ukuthakazelisa kubakhenkethi basalondolozwa iindonga zeKremlin kunye neetempile, iindwendwe, iindawo ezidongwe kunye neendawo zasendulo.

Volokolamsk

Lo ngumzi wasendulo, ophakathi kwintsimi yaseMoscow. Yena, ngokungathandabuzeki, unokukhokelela ngokukhuselekileyo ukulinganiswa kwezixeko ezindala kummandla. Ukuqala kokukhankanywa kwe-Volokolamsk kwi-annals kubhekisela ku-1135, oko kukuthi, iminyaka engama-12 ngaphambi kweMoscow. Kuze kube ngumnyaka we-18. Olu lungiso lunegama elihlukile. Ngalo kwakukho indlela yokurhweba, apho abathengisi bezothuthwa impahla esuka eNogorgor ukuya kumazwe aseRyazan naseMoscow. Ngelo xesha iVolokolamsk ibizwa ngokuba yiVolok. Kwaye oku akukhawulezi. Apha ama-Novgorodians adonsela iinqanawa kunye nempahla ukuze athole ukusuka eMlambo iLama ukuya eVoloshnya.

Abo banomdla kwiidolophu zommandla waseMoscow, ezifanele ukumbona, kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ba tyelele iVolokolamsk. Apha isakhiwo esikhulu sasendulo, esasiyixesha langaphambili ngaphakathi kweendonga zeKremlin, eyagcinwe. Esi sakhiwo seKrishedral yaseBukile yoBuvuko, esisikhumbuzo sakhiwo sakhiwo se-15 leminyaka. Ngelishwa, i-Kremlin ngokwayo yayakhiwe ngokhuni, ngoko iindonga zayo neendonga zazingagcinwanga.

Akukude neVolokolamsk yiNdlunkulu ye-Iosifo-Volotsky. Kwakhiwa kwakhona kwikhulu le-15 leminyaka. Ukususela kwiqela loyilo lonke namhlanje ungayithanda iSonto leEpiphany kunye neCawa likaPetros noPawulos, i-Assumption Cathedral kunye namanxuwa enqabileyo. Kukho indonga kunye neendonga ezijikeleze iindwendwe. Esi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngekhulu le-17.

Namhlanje iVolokolamsk ngumzi ococekileyo kunye nohlaza. Ukongezelela, liziko lemibhiyozo yamazwe ngamazwe e-cinema yezempi-ntando, eye yabanjwa ngo-2004 phantsi kwegama elithi "umda weVolokolamskiy". Kwiindawo ezikuloo mzi kukho imyuziyam kunye nesikhumbuzo samaqhawe angama-28-i-Panfilovites.

Kolomna

Kwimbali ye-1177, inqaba yezomda, ephantsi komda weMoscow neRyazan zikhulu, yakhankanywa okokuqala. Esi sakhiwo asinjengesi sixeko saseKolomna. Ukuhlaliswa kwasungulwa iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhankanywa kwayo, ngoko ke ngokuthe tye kunokuba yinto yesibini kwindawo yezona zixeko zamandulo zendawo yaseMoscow.

Kwixesha langaphambili, imikhosi yaseRashiya yaqokelela ngokuqhelekileyo eKolomna, iya emikhankasweni yempi yokulwa neTatar-Mongol. Kwakuyidolophu ecebileyo emva kweMoscow. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, i-Kolomna, ephakathi kwemilambo emithathu - iMoscow, iKolomna ne-Oka, eyayiyinzuzo kubathengisi, yayiyimbangela ebangela umzabalazo phakathi kweenkosana zikaRus, kunye nekhulu le-15 leminyaka. Kwexesha elithile laqatshelwa njenge-capital of Muscovy.

Phakathi kweendawo zembali ezinokutyelelwa kweso sixeko, iColomna Kremlin egcinwe yincinci. Esi sakhiwo, esakhiwe ngekhulu le-16, sisikhumbuzo sakhiwo sokuzivikela se-Rus Rus. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakubulele kwiKremlin ukuba iintshaba zazingenakuyithatha indawo yokuhlala. Iindwendwe zeso sixeko ziyakwazi ukuyivakalisa inqaba eyaziwayo kakhulu kule sakhiwo - uMarinkin. Ngokomlando, wayekuye ngo-1614 wayevalelwe intolongo enkulu uMarna Mnishek.

Abahlali bendawo babiza idolophu yabo iPodmoskovny Suzdal. Kuba namhlanje ngenye yezona zinto zikhangeleke kakhulu kwiindwendwe zamaziko okukhenketho, apho kuninzi inani leeprojekthi zenkwenkwezi zanamhlanje zenziwa.

Zvenigorod

Kukho nezinye iidolophu zasendulo zommandla waseMoscow, ezifanele ukubonwa ngabakhenkethi. Omnye wabo nguZvenigorod, owasekwa phakathi kwekhulu le-12. Inqabileyo yayo eyona nto yiSonto leNdlunkulu yase Savvino-Storozhevsky. Le ndwendwe yasungulwa nguSt. Sava ekhulwini le-14. Yakhelwe kwiNtaba yaseStorozh.

Namhlanje, kwintsimi yendlu yeendwendwe, umntu unokuyithanda enye yeetempileni ezindala ezishiywe kwilizwe laseMoscow, iKhedhedral of the Birth of the Virgin (ikhulu le-15). Kuze kube ngoku, eZvenigorod, kuye kwagcinwa iindonga zenkqantosi zamandulo kunye neendonga zazo, kunye nebhotwe likaTar Alexei Mikhailovich kunye namagumbi omkakhe uMaria Miloslavskaya. Kwintsimi yeendwendwe, abatyeleli banokubona izidumbu zenyama zixhotywe ngeeseli.

Stupino

Ukuqala kwesi sixeko kwafakwa kwikhulu le-15 leminyaka. Kwakukho ngeli xesha kwiibhanki zomlambo. UOki kufuphi neKashira wakhiwa uZiqu-zintathu zoBukumkani beBeloslavsky. Esi sakhiwo ngexesha layo saba sisisigxina esinokwethenjelwa ekukhuseleni imida yeMoscow State ukusuka ekuhlaselweni kweMongol-Tatars.

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, malunga neendlunkulu zazakhela iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala, phakathi kwazo kwakuyidolophini yaseStupinskaya. Ngekhulu le-18. Amazwe asekuhlaleni kwawo ayengabameli beenkundla zamagosa. I-Sheremetyevs neVolkonskie, i-Orlovs kunye ne-Buturlins zakha iziza zazo kule mihlaba. Ukwangoku, izakhiwo eziseleyo zizikhumbuzo eziphawulekayo zakhiwo zaseRashiya.

Ngekhulu le-19. Isithili samanje saseStupino saqala ukwakhiwa ngamashishini oshishino. Enye yazo yayiyimveliso enkulu yokunyathelisa eMoscow, eyabelwe ngabazalwana baka-Ermakov.

Ngekhulu lama-20. Kule nkqubo yaseStupino yakha isiteshi sesitimela. Isebe elivela eMoscow lagqitywa kule ndawo. Kwaphela ngoSeptemba 14, 1939 zonke iindawo zokuhlala ezizungeze isikhululo sadibanisa. NgokweSigqibo se-Presidium ye-Supreme Soviet ye-RSFSR, endaweni yeendawo zokuhlala eziqhekekileyo, kwavela isixeko solawulo lwengingqi.

Kuza kube namhlanje, i-Stupino yiyona idolophini yanamhlanje, ecocekileyo necocekileyo. Abakhenkethi bayakuvuyela ukutyelela kuphela esi sixeko, kodwa nakwiindawo ezikuyo. Emva koko, nantsi i-Prioksky Nature Reserve, edumile kunye ne-real landscape decoration. Kufuphi nomzi (7 km) ugeleza umlambo. Oka. Isithili saseStupino asithandi kuphela ngabakhenkethi. Abantu baseRussia apha balinde izindlu ezininzi zeeholide, izindlu zebhodi kunye neendawo zokuhlala.

Istria

Le dolophu inokuthi ibangele enye yeendawo zokuqala kwizinga leendawo ezintle kakhulu kwiindawo zaseMoscow. Abo baxabisa ubukhulu kunye nomhlaba othakazelisayo kwilizwe eliqingqiweyo baya kuvuma nale nto.

Kubakhenkethi, isixeko sase-Istra sinomdla kunye neNew Jerusalem Jerusalem Monastery, efumaneka kufuphi neKrishedral Resurrection. Ingqungquthela ezukileyo yendawo yokwakha, ishiya ingcamango engabonakaliyo. Ekuqaleni, abakhi bee-monastery baceba ukuseka isakhiwo esifana nethempeli laseYerusalem. Nangona kunjalo, ukudibanisa okubangela ukuba kube mkhulu kakhulu.

Isiqingatha seyure ukuhamba esixekweni yiSiloam entwasahlobo, imbali yayo edibene neendwendwe. Abavakhenkethi abanomdla kwizakhiwo zakudala zaseRussia bayavuya ukutyelela idolophana laseSnegiri. Kwintsimi yayo itempile yasendulo yaseSt. Seraphim yaseSarov.

Zaraysk

Le dolophu encinane emlambo. I-Sturgeon, abemi bayo abayi-5 000 abemi, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi-museum museum. Ukuqala kokukhankanywa kwakhe ku-annals ka-1146. Emva koko, izazi-mlando zikholelwa, ukuhlaliswa kwashiswa ngama-nomads. Kwaye kwimiba ye-1225 kuphela ekhankanya kwakhona ukuhlawulelwa, eyayivuselelwa kwakhona, kwaye yada yashukumisela apha uphawu olumangalisayo oluvela eKorsun - St. Nicholas.

Ngo-1237, isixeko satshiswa yimikhosi yaseBatu, kwaye emva kokubuyiselwa kwanikwa igama elithi: Novogorodok kwi-Sturgeon. Ukuze azikhusele kwiintshaba, wajika waba yinqaba, wakha iKremlin. Kwaye kuphela ngekhulu le-17. Olu lungiso lufumene igama lalo langoku - isixeko saseZaraysk. I-Kremlin yakhe yodwa yokwakha olukhuselayo lwalo hlobo kwintsimi yommandla waseMoscow. Kwiindonga zayo kukho izakhiwo ezimbalwa, eziphambili zazo iicawa ezimbini. Eyokuqala yale ndawo yiCathhedral yaseSt. Nicholas. Yakhelwe ngo-1681. Okwangoku, i-cathedral, eyakhiwe kwimodeli yamandulo yaseRashiya, ingabonwa kuphela ngaphandle. Ngaphakathi akunanto.

Kamva kamva (ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20), iCathhedral kaYohane uMbhaptizi yabekwa kwintsimi yeZaraisk Kremlin . Esi sakhiwo sikhulelwe ngesitayela se-neoclassical kwaye namhlanje sisibano esisebenzayo.

Ukongeza Cathedral yesicelo yindawo esemthethweni isakhiwo, eyakhiwa ngenkulungwane ye-18. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho isikolo seCawe. Apho incwadi yesicelo balefwaya Church of St. Serafima Sarovskogo.

City Zaraysk umdla kwimbali Abathandi umbhali estate FM Dostoevsky nomkroli indlu AS Golubkina. Ukuhamba kwizitrato kule lali, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba kukho zodumo ezininzi sakhiwe imbeko abantu abaziwayo. It Izikhumbuzo DM Pozharsky, FM Dostoevsky, KA Meretskov.

Omdala emhlabeni Zaraysk Church of St .. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Abakhenkethi abatyelela le dolophu, qiniseka ukuba aye kungena kuyo, ukunqula icon ngokungummangaliso koyiNgcwele.

Cuba

Zokuhlala yokuqala ukuvela ngenkulungwane ye-15 kule ndawo. Yaba lali abe uphuhliso yayo ephambili emva kokuyekiswa serfdom. Yokukhawulezisa kuphuhliso loqoqosho umzila kaloliwe elinikiweyo, wakha apha ngeli xesha.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. kule lali wavula isikolo zemstvo, nto leyo yaba ofisi lokuqala yengingqi zemfundo. Kwinkulungwane yama-20. kwakusetyenziswa ilizwe alingqongileyo njengoko yindawo yokuvavanya. Wegqitha le iitanki uvavanyo, izithuthi, kwakunye oomatshini ezahlukeneyo zokwakha.

Kubinka (ummandla eMoscow) wafumana iwonga walo wokudla kuphela ngo-2004 Kwaye namhlanje, le dolophu Waziwa kubalulekile ukuba izinto lizwe, njengoko Moscow Institute of Radio and Space Forces butho emoyeni.

Yintoni ukubaluleka osibonayo kulo mmandla ku kubakhenkethi? Isikhonkwane ibalulekileyo i Central Museum of izithuthi vehicles kwe-Ofisi yoMphathiswa lezoKhuselo of Russia. Ngomnye nje enkulu ehlabathini. imiboniso zayo - iinqwelo vehicles lamathuba ezahlukeneyo nembali kunye neentlobo. Le yimyuziyam - uhlobo dolophu, izitrato zazo amatanki, abathwali abasebenzi vehicles, njl

Popular phakathi abakhenkethi Centre ukubonisa moya. Lovers lidala Siyavuya ukutyelela Vassilyevskoe indawo, kwakunye kummandla wesixeko amabandla enzelwe - amangcwaba izakhiwo Russian of zaphawula ezahlukeneyo.