Ulwakhiwo Nizhne-Bureya HPP, Amur Oblast

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokubonakalayo ukuphuhlisa imimandla Far Eastern, kwagqitywa ekubeni eRashiya. Into yokuqala ekufuneka wenziwe chain inkxaso yobomi kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso - yinto isizukulwana epheleleyo kunye nokusasazwa umbane. Ukuze ezi njongo, kwingingqi Amur wakha ngamanzi, ibekwe kwi Bureya River. Ngowe-2003, oko wayethunywe station Bureya, ngo-2016 sihlelwe kokugunyaziswa of Nizhne-Bureya HPP.

Imbali imi--30

Ngowe-1932, i-ngenkulungwane yokugqibela sele iqaliswe uphando enokubakho Bureya River kummandla Amur. Ngoko ke uphando olwaqhutywa yi-Institute "Hydroproject". Kuye wagawulwa uphando etoneleni, kuvulwa ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuqala Bureysky ayo. Kuba Lower Bureya HPP luchaziwe Doldykanskom ulungelelwaniso, dislocation libekwe ku-950 ubude ukusuka ekudibaneni umlambo Doldykan e Bureya.

Le yokuqala Iprojekthi yobugcisa zadalwa ngowe-1959, yaye ngowe-1986 evunyiweyo kuyo. Ukuphunyezwa zokwakha qhinga omkhulu sele engumkhenkce ngokunxulumene inguqu kuqoqosho, apho lwaqala ngokuwa USSR. Zemisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo yenziwa kuphela ukuba kunikwe abantu abavela kwiindawo nezikhukhula.

HPP na ekuqaleni ukusuka kowama-2000

Ulwakhiwo Nizhne-Bureya HPP yahlaziyelwa ngo-2007, kodwa projekthi efunekayo uhlengahlengiso. Isicwangciso sokuqala wayebekwe ufakelo iiyunithi ezintathu lombane ka 107 MW, kodwa malilungiselelwe izakhono mihla efunekayo ukuze kwandiswe inani zabo ezine, kodwa amandla ngaphantsi (80 MW). Kwathiwa isigqibo endaweni iprojekthi idama yodongwe elunxwemeni ekunene phezu kodonga eziphathekayo. Ukuphuculwa nezinye iinxalenye idrafti yokuqala. Lonke utshintsho kunye imvume kwagqitywa ngo-2011, yaye kwangaxeshanye, ukwakhiwa kwaqala.

Iimpawu design

Ubude lilonke ngaphambili xi umgca station Nizhne-Bureya (ummandla Amur, kwisithili Bureysky) phantse 746 leemitha, ukuphakama kwinqanaba eliphezulu - iimitha 42. Isiseko permeability amanzi kwidama kuqinisekiswa enkosi izakhiwo ngodongwe, kunye nokolula isigqubuthelo.

Ukuseta edamini amanzi ezakhiwe ubude lwedama obubambekayo kweemitha 123 kunye ukuphakama kuyimitha 47,75. Yenzelwe kwaye yakhiwe uhlobo lwedama umphezulu (iiyunithi 5) apho masivalwe ngokusebenzisa semigudu kunye actuators hydraulic ngezigaba. Kukho yokulungisa izitshixo, zazo leyo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa -crane gantry. Amandla amanzi alahlwayo iza kucinywa kwi-wakha concrete stilling isitya ubude ogama kweemitha 88.

Xa ludonga lasekunene kwisakhiwo isikhululo umlambo Bureya emlanjeni ebhedini kwakhiwa. Ubude bayo cishe 97 eemitha, ukuphakama - malunga 58 eemitha. Ukuze ukomeleza iindonga imisebenzi ekufakelweni kwezinto udonga olubiyeleyo of eziphathekayo (iimitha 100 ubude). isityalo amandla ngamanzi ziza kuxhotyiswa iiyunithi hydraulic ezine neejenereyitha. Ukufakelwa kwezixhobo ngendlela milenge phezulu. Umthamo we Nizhne-Bureya HPP - 1380 cubic metres yamanzi ngomzuzwana. Nokukhutshwa zombane wamakhadi baya kuba kule migca amandla 220 kW kwi sezitishana ezimbini: Arkhara kunye Raichihinsk. Inani lilonke labasebenzi kulwakhiwo kwisithuba sokugqitywa icetyelwe ukuya kubantu 2300.

ichibi

Nizhnebureyskaya ichibi lakhiwa ngokusebenzisa ekugqityweni kokwakhiwa loxinzelelo. umthamo esebenzisekayo uya kuba million 77 cubic metres, kwaye lilonke - 2,034 billion cubic metres yamanzi. Ubude kwechibi - iikhilomitha ezingama-90 kunye ububanzi ubuninzi - 5 khilomitha, ubunzulu umlinganiselo-13 leemitha. Kucetywa ukuba exchange amanzi uya kwenziwa kube kanye ngenyanga kwikhalenda. Kucetywa ukuba ukuzaliswa dami emva kokuqalisa zonke iinxalenye Bureya ayo amandla kwenzeka kwisithuba ezintlanu ukuya kwezintandathu iintsuku.

Phantsi zizikhukula ufumana kancinane ngaphantsi kwe 1000 eehektare emasimini phantse 9,000 hectares yehlathi. On zokuhlala usongo nezikhukhula ayigqitywanga. De nosungulo isikhululo ucwangciselwe lesoochistka ichibi isitya elizayo.

nokusetyenziswa kweplani

Phakathi kuka-2011 ukuya kowama-2015 zaye zenziwa imisebenzi emikhulu:

• Iqumrhu elisemthethweni JSC "Nizhne-Bureya HPP".
• Wemba umhadi ukuba izakhiwo eziphambili isikhululo.
• 3 indlela yemoto zabanjwa wasishwankathela umgca amandla eliphezulu-ombane.
• It wakha isityalo eziphathekayo.
• Wakha zokwakha ezingundoqo ephehla ugesi ngamanzi.
• Wakha iziseko zokuhlala dolophu ngeenxa esitishini.
• Ekupheleni kuka-2015 ukuba kwenziwe imisebenzi yokwakha engundoqo, kuquka eyakhelwe hydro-turbines kunye namaziko hydro kunye nokubekwa iziseko emishini hydraulic.
• Ukwakhiwa eweni idama somlambo.

Izizathu zokwakha

umthamo oluphumeleyo le Lower Bureya isikhululo samandla ngamanzi ka 320 MW, imveliso avareji ngonyaka ngamnye - 1,65 billion kW / h, ebusika amandla awayecwangcisiwe 147 MW. Ukwakhiwa mveliso kungenxa imfuneko ukuba balungise khupha into engavumelekanga diurnal ngakumbi enamandla Bureya HPP ezisebenza emantla i Amur River. Oku kuthintela ukwehla ngokukhawuleza kwamanzi kweli dama asezantsi (kwamanzi).

Iveliswe yi Lower Bureya kwisitishi umbane iya ngqo iimfuno iinjongo "Transneft", ngakumbi - ekwakhiweni yalo mbhobho oyile "Eastern eSiberia - Pacific Ocean", kumgodi wamalahle, le cosmodrome "East". Umbane eveliswe yi kwisikhululo, wowusindisa njengokutsha 700 iitoni amafutha ngonyaka ngamnye.

ngingqi Amur, indawo Bureysky ngokukodwa, ngenxa yokwakhiwa izitishi iziseko ehla aya ukwandisa amathuba ophuhliso, ukuphucula iimeko zokuphila yabantu, iya kutsala utyalo-mali ezongezelelweyo nokuqinisekisa ugxalathelwano abasebenzi abatsha.

nemiphumela eziphilayo

Iindawo apho Lower Bureya HPP - ubuntu phantse kushunyayelwe kuyo. Around uphazamiseko kwindlela eziphilayo lot of mpikiswano, abahlali bathi imozulu itshintshile. Zeziphi iziphumo ziya kwaziwa kuphela kwixesha elizayo esikude.

Xa eyila isigaba amandla beNdalo babathwalela ngaphandle amanyathelo ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo. Ummandla izikhukhula Lower Bureyskaya HPP baba ngokuyinxenye zapovedniks "Irkun Iphecana", "Zheludinsky". reserve entsha "Bureysky" wadalwa ukuze kubuyekezelwe ilahleko ezikhuselweyo iindawo imimandla. Wahlanganisa ezimbini reserve waza wafumana imimandla ezongezelelweyo sehlathi kwiinkalo izityalo ephezulu nesezantsi ehla umbane pool Bureyskaya. Le ndawo iyonke reserve "Bureysky" ngu 132 lamawaka eehektare.

Ngowe-2015, umsebenzi lwaqhutywa kwi ukutshintshwa leesampulu ezizodwa enezityalo nezilwanyana kwindawo nezikhukhula. KaYuri Gafarov, omnye zemvelo abo bathatha inxaxheba ekusebenzeni ukuze kunikwe enezityalo nezilwanyana, wathi zokuhlala zakhiwa ukuba amadada Mandarin kunye Iintsapho neengwamza Far Eastern. Kwakhona wenza ubusika kwaye lwebele izilwanyana zasendle, zilinywe inani elikhulu lezityalo unique ukusuka kwindawo odla kummandla reserve entsha.

inkqubela yomsebenzi

Ngokutsho Pao RusHydro, kuba mzuzu kukho ufakelo awayecwangcisiwe umbane ngamanzi, kwakunye kusakhiwa kwedama. NgoJuni 2016 ukuphakama dama 131 neemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, inqanaba yeprojekthi - 140 leemitha. Kuba ukwakhiwa kwedama ugcwale ziimfumba yomsebenzi yenziwa ngaphandle ngokunciphisa isantya kwaye utshintsho ixesha lasebusika. Imingxunya ukubhola ekubekeni ziimfumba ubusika kusetyenziswa rigs ukubhola kunye zokufudumeza izixhobo zoshishino. kuneqabaka Amur akazange izixhobo nanceba kunye nabantu, kodwa umsebenzi ezicwangcisiweyo lwaqhutywa njalo kwexesha.

Ngokutsho S. Nikulin, injineli kwimveliso kunye nesebe lobugcisa inkampani "Nizhne-Bureya HPP", watsho ngo-Agasti 2016, zonke izenzo zabo ngokungqinelana neshedyuli ezicwangcisiweyo. Ngokukodwa, wathi impeller esele oluzakunyuswa wenza nezivumelwano zokubambisa njengeeyunithi kubunzulu baphantsi komhlaba kunye efakiweyo ngephiko starter. Ngokutsho kwakhe, inkqubela yomsebenzi kwenzeka phakathi kwisakhelo ngexesha engqongqo, apho akhawuleza akukho ndawo. Njengoko wenjineli kuqatshelwe ukuba zonke iiyunithi hydraulic iindawo kufanelekile kufuna phantse ngqo a othengisa, onke amacandelo khaxa ngaphandle izikhewu. Wavakalisa intembelo yokuba ngoku wokuqala kwinkqubo yamandla Far Eastern uya kuza sele ngo-2016. Noko ke, ngenxa yobunzima kunye kwanciphisa mali kwezinye izinto, PJSC RusHydro ukhankanye ukukwazi ukuba usebenzise isikhululo transfer ngo-2017.

Zidlulela Bureya lwathatha indawo Aprili 19, 2016, amanzi ngoku idlula inkqubo lwedama ngamanzi. Ukuzimisela izakhiwo eziphathekayo ekwakhiweni esikhululweni ukuya kumhla kuqikelelwa kwi-90%.

anika umdla

Tab Nizhne-Bureya HPP weza V. V. Putin, kwaye ube ngumqondiso omhle bokuqala Ukugalela bephosa iwashi. Yayimisele Bishop Lucian kokuqala ukwakha, naye Wawusondeza lesikhumbuzo nakubakhi sokwanda isithunywa egolide, awanenzelayo ngoku efakwe kwindawo eliphezulu lamandla ngamanzi, abe luphawu esakhiweni umkhuseli, yaye kamva yonke ayo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izikhululo ezintsonkothileyo kwi Bureya River - iprojekthi likhulu post-Soviet Russia, eyakhelwe ngaphandle ukuthembela okwakufudula waseUSSR, nto leyo ibonisa isakhono lizwe kunye zenzeke ngokwenene. Abaninzi baye kule ndawo yokusebenza Kucetyiswa ukuba kutyelela indawo apho msebenzi uya kuqalisa kungekudala Nizhne-Bureya HPP. Idilesi kwingingqi Amur le: indawo Bureysky kwilali Bureysky, kwisithili Gidrostroiteley, Ukwakha 2, unobumba 3.