Sivumelwano lokuqala: ixesha lesivumelwano kunye neminye imiba zembali nezomthetho

Imbali yowiso zempilo kwesivumelwano lokuqala analo kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Le mvumelwano lokuqala (pactum in contrahendo) waba ngumqondiso amagqwetha baseRoma. Esi sivumelwano ke lukhuselekile kwi Russian pre-revolution kunye Soviet umthetho wobukhaya. Ngenxa yoko, i-CC le RSFSR ngo-1922 lwenza eyayikho ngaphambi-olululo Russian contract umthetho civil intengiso indlu yokuhlala, apho unyanzelekile ukuba nxaxheba emva kwexesha elithile (ngaphandle kokuba ixesha lesivumelwano), wenza pre-ukwamkela lomnye - intengiso. Imfuneko kwisivumelwano preliminary kubangelwe ubukho kwezinye izithintelo okanye ukungabikho naziphi na iimeko lafikelela esiphelweni.

Russian Scientist-mgwe- GF Ngoonomeva kuqatshelwe ukuba isizathu sokuba kokugqitywa intengiso, ukusekwa komhla wokuphelelwa kwesivumelwano intengiso zingatshintshwa, kungaba ngenxa yokungabikho amalungelo wezindlu, okanye ukuba ibe lilifa nokuthintelwa. I-Civil Code of loo minyaka akazange ayikhankanye isivumelwano lokuqala, kodwa ithuba esiphelweni sobala ukusuka intsingiselo nomxholo Civil Code, okwenza ukuba ukuvela namalungelo oluntu, ongaphathiswanga ngokomthetho, musa yakuphika oko. Ekusebenzeni loqoqosho loo minyaka liqulethe kwezivumelwano preliminary, ikakhulu kummandla wonikezelo okanye urhwebo kubudlelwane, apho wihi lesivumelwano ubonelelo, umzekelo, bekusoloko ingxaki. Kuqoqosho ezicwangcisiweyo Uqwalaselo ngokusemthethweni kwesivumelwano eso ayizange kakuhle ibango ngenxa yokuba uninzi iimvumelwano kwakukho ekujoliswe, nto leyo ngokwayo kumiselwa isicwangciso ixesha lesivumelwano.

Ukususela ekuqaleni nguqulelo yemarike indawo izivumelwano ezivela iithagethi, ibiya ukuthatha inkqubo yemveli kwezivumelwano zokuqala. Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union kwi Iziseko Civil UMthetho kwekota kwenzeka yayo ngo-1991. Esi senzo olumisiweyo ezichazwe yi umyalelo isiphelo, ithuba lokuba semthethweni kwesivumelwano kunye nezinye iimbopheleleko, kuquka imfuneko malunga enyanzelekile ukuba ukugqiba isivumelwano. Ebalulekileyo zange zinika uluhlu ethile kwezivumelwano zokuqala. Isenokuba izivumelwano yokuthengisa ngemisebenzi kunye neenkonzo, njl

Ngoku, kulawulo ubudlelane nezivumelwano ixesha elide, nowokupheliswa nxaxheba ngobuhlobo yezi iimvumelwano kunye ugcino kubo kwindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana, njengoko ixesha lesivumelwano, kuba attribute ziyimfuneko.

Ngokufuthi, isigqibo ekupheleni kwekhontrakthi kufuna uthethathethwano ezintsonkothileyo elide, lwandulelwe umsebenzi eninzi wolungiselelo ngamanye amaxesha kufuna nobungcali kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, nanku umbuzo, nokuba kuya kubakho iindleko ekungenwe kuzo i-pre-ukulungiselela lesivumelwano, indlela ziphanzile.

Uhlalutyo yohlobo ngokusemthethweni kwesivumelwano sokuqala kwenza kube lula kuthi ukuba esi sivumelwano unalo eziliqela iimpawu ezithile. Njengesivumelwano ngayo yahluke kakhulu kuleyo apho izivumelwano elizayo zicwangciselwe iimeko eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari ye isivumelwano elizayo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukulungiselela kokugqitywa isivumelwano, abathathi-nxaxheba benza protocol of ngenjongo. Olu xwebhu baloba iziphumo iphunyelelwe kwaye uyamkele imbopheleleko ezithile (enxulumene ukuqhubeka thethwano kunye kokusayina isivumelwano) ixesha elimisiweyo.

Protocol yeNjongo kunokuba luncedo xa zokujongana ngezimali izivumelwano, ngokuboleka imali, ukulungiselela isicwangciso soshishino, kwaye kwezinye iimeko yokusebenza. Olu xwebhu kuba, umzekelo, kuba isiqinisekiso ingxelo lwamabala ndidleke kuphele, ngenxa thethwano kunye Ukutsalwa kwezinye iimali kumbutho wabo. Noko ke, njengoko kunye nezinye iindlela nitrogen yenkqubo thethwano, i-protocol of ngenjongo akuthethi uyawabophelela abasayinayo esiya ekungeneni isisinyanzelo kuwo ulwalamano zezivumelwano elizayo.