Sensorineural ubuthulu: iqondo zonyango

Xa yezonyango mihla ingxaki kakhulu eziqhelekileyo ezifana ubuthulu sensorineural. Esi sifo esidityaniswe ubuthulu eqhubekayo. Ngokutsho manani, inani lezigulane unesifo efanayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje liye landa kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ulwazi lwezinto ezenza kunye iimpawu zesi sifo kuya kuba luncedo kubafundi abaninzi.

Yintoni isifo?

Sensorineural ubuthulu - sisifo lu dityanisiwe ilahleko ukuva eqhelekileyo, oko kunokubangela umonakalo endlebeni yangaphakathi (iziko Corti, oguqula intlokoma zibe pulses zombane idluliselwe kwi kwalapho) ka-luvo eziviwayo okanye iziko eziviwayo apha ebuchotsheni.

The degree of ubuthulu sensorineural ziyahluka, ukusukela ukuhla okuncinane apha uvakalelo isandi yokuva ngokupheleleyo. Ngokutsho manani, malunga-400 ezigidi abantu ehlabathini namhlanje ukubandezeleka na kwesi sifo, inani lamatyala esi sifo luyanda minyaka yonke. Amaninzi, amaxhoba esi sifo abantu abatsha okanye ukuqola-eyomeleleyo. Ngoko ke zintoni izizathu uphuhliso yawo, yaye ziziphi iimpawu kuqala?

Forms kunye nokuhlelwa necebo sifo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iinkqubo ezininzi yokuhlelwa kwesi sifo. Umzekelo, sensorineural ubuthulu lungohlulwa lube isegazini zifunyanwe. Kwelinye icala, kukho ngezifo naso:

• non-syndromic (isifo kunye ukuva kwakuphela ilahleko; 70-80% bene kule fomu);
• syndromic xa, kunye ukuva ilahleko, uphuhliso nezinye izifo baphawula (ngumzekelo kuphela syndrome Pender apho olwaphula yesandi umbono lengqula ezinxulumene utshintsho ngaxeshanye kulo msebenzi umsebenzi).

Kuxhomekeka kumfanekiso lwezonyango kunye izinga ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo, umnandi ukwaba iintlobo ezintathu, ezizezi:

• Isifo (ngokukhawuleza) uhlobo sifo, apho inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ukhandwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu - isigulane ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo sisithulu iiyure 12-20 emva kokuba iimpawu kuqala. Hi ndlela leyi, unyango ngexesha, ngokuqhelekileyo kunceda ukubuyisela inkqubo eziviwayo yabantu.
• Acute ubuthulu - ayikhuli nje ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa umthetho, kukho ukwanda iimpawu, okuhlala malunga iintsuku ezili-10. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba izigulane ezininzi zizama ngoyaba le ngxaki, ukubhala kulo iindlebe ukuvaleka nokuva ilahleko ukudinwa, ukuqokelela sulphur njalo njalo. E., utyelelo Ukulibaziseka ukuya kwagqirha. Oku kuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo, kodwa nangoko waqalisa unyango izihlandlo eziliqela kwandisa amathuba onyango ngempumelelo.
• Chronic ubuthulu sensorineural - mhlawumbi ifomu kakhulu ezinzima neziyingozi esi sifo. Ebudeni kwayo kancane nelidangeleyo, ngamanye amaxesha izigulane ubomi iminyaka nesi sifo ngaphandle Ukwazi phambi kwayo. Ukuva kunganciphisa kwiminyaka kude kube lelo xesha nje, ingxolo ukubacaphukisa osisigxina ezindlebeni akumenzi qhagamshelana gqirha. Le fomu kungaphezu efanele unyango ngamachiza, kwaye rhoqo ukubuyisela nokuva lutshitshe. Kwezinye iimeko, le ngezifo ikhokelela nokukhubazeka.

Kukho nezinye iinkqubo yokuhlela. Umzekelo, ubuthulu isenokuba unilateral (echaphazela indlebe enye kuphela) okanye amabini, unokuba ebuntwaneni (phambi kokuba umntwana efunda ukuthetha), yaye abantu abadala kuphela.

The degree of ubuthulu sensorineural

Namhlanje isigqibo sokwabela degrees ezine phambili kwesifo:

• ukungeva Sensorineural 1 degree - sikhatshwa ukuhla zisembundwini uvakalelo 26-40 dB. Enjenje, sikwazi ukubona izandi kumgama oziimitha ezi-6, ahlebele - akukho ngaphezu kweemitha ezintathu.
• ukungeva Sensorineural 2 degrees - kwiimeko ezinjalo, umbundu ukuva yomguli ngu 41-55 dB, iyakwazi ukuva kumgama lingabi kufutshane ngeemitha ngaphezulu kwe-4. Ubunzima kunye imbono isandi ezinokwenzeka nokuba cwaka, bume cwaka.
• Isigaba sesithathu esi sifo ebalasele umbundu oluvakalayo ka 56-70 dB - umntu eqhelekileyo ukubona intetho ukusuka kumgama hayi ngaphezulu kwe imitha, kungekhona kwindawo enengxolo.
• Ungeno of Umbono isandi inyathelo yesine 71-90 dB - oku kuphazamiseka kakhulu, maxa wambi ukugqiba yokungeva ngeendlebe.

Eyona eziphambili ezibangela izifo

Enyanisweni, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokudala ilahleko ezindlebeni sensorineural zinokwenzeka. Avamise kakhulu ziquka:

• izifo rhoqo, ingakumbi zizifo indlebe, umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane kunye nezinye izifo ezinokuba ukuvelisa iingxaki;
• thrombosis yegazi;
• izifo ukudumba, umzekelo, adenoids, labyrinthitis, meningitis;
• otosclerosis;
• yamafutha okuqhubekayo;
• ukuphatheka ive;
• nokulimala engqondweni ebuhlungu;
• izifo komzimba;
• ukudumba phakathi kwiCerebellum kunye asi;
• ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezithile, xa salicylates ethile, aminoglycosides;
• umonakalo luvo eziviwayo okanye indlebe iikhemikhali yangaphakathi, ubuthi;
• ukusebenza ngendlela yokusebenza enengxolo;
• ukuphulaphula rhoqo umculo phezulu;
• Ngokutsho izifundo izibalo, ngokufuthi ukusuka loo sifo sichaphazela abemi kwizixeko ezikhulu.

Sensorineural ubuthulu ebantwaneni: izinto bekhubazekile

Iimbangi ezichazwe apha ngasentla ubuthulu ezifunyenwe. Noko ke, abanye abantwana ubunzima ukusuka sifo phantse ukususela ekuzalweni. Ngoko ke yintoni na unobangela esi sifo? Abasakwazi kakhulu:

• yofuzo (kukholelwa ukuba phantse i-50% yabantu emhlabeni abathwali yemfuza ngohlobo oluthile yokuva ilahleko);
• iinkumba aplasia azalwa okanye ezinye ukungaqheleki yokwakheka;
• intrauterine usulelo Palsy yintsholongwane rubella;
• ubukho abasetyhini abakhulelweyo utywala foetal alcohol syndrome;
• ulwamkelo Narcotics kamama;
• yokuphazamiseka onjalo inokuba ingxaki of negcushuwa;
• Imiba yomngcipheko zibandakanya abasebenzi yokuqala;
• Maxa wambi ubuthulu kubangelwa chlamydia ukusulelwa umntwana ngethuba lokubeleka.

Zeziphi iimpawu zesi sifo ihamba?

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, umfanekiso lwezonyango inokuba nomahluko ngokuxhomekeke izinga yokuqhubela phambili kuzwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuqala libonakala ukuduma, kunokwenzeka kwakhona uhlaba izandi. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye izigulane bakhalazela ukuba zonke izandi zibonwa ngokungathi ngezandi usizi.

Ukuva ilahleko eyenzeke kancinci. Abantu kunzima ezama ukutsala isandi kwindawo enengxolo okanye inkampani abaninzi. Njengoko esi sifo kukho iingxaki unxibelelwano efowunini. Xa uthetha nomntu ogulayo yabantu idla uqalisa ukulandela engaqondanga intshukumo komlomo, kuba oko kuyanceda ukwahlula izandi. Izigulane besoloko bezibuza kwakhona ilizwi. Njengoko iingxaki zesifo ucaca ngakumbi - ukuba ngaba ukunika ukhathalelo nomonde, imiphumo inokuba emibi.

iindlela ezisisiseko kokuxilongwa

Ukuva ilahleko - le ngxaki inkulu kakhulu, ngoko ukuba unayo nayiphi na iimpawu kufuneka ngoko nangoko funa uqwalaselo lwamayeza. Uxilongo kule meko yinkqubo engelula, nto leyo oqala iimviwo ENT. Ukuba uphando yakwazi ukuba ukwazi ukubona ukuva ilahleko ayinanto yakwenza ubume kunye nemisebenzi indlebe engaphandle, ezinye izifundo wenziwe, ingakumbi, umbundu ke audiometry ukhwele, iimvavanyo wasele ifolokhwe, impedancemetry, ukukhutshwa otoacoustic, kunye nabanye. Njengoko umthetho, kwinkqubo leengcali Uxilongo nje ukuthi hayi nje kukho isifo asaphuhlayo, kodwa kubangelwa.

Sensorineural ubuthulu: unyango

Ngoko nangoko ke kufuneka wathi self kule meko ayamkelekanga. therapy Schema ukhetha ugqirha emva kokuxilongwa ngokucokisekileyo. Ngoko ke yintoni na enawe uxilongo "ilahleko ukuva sensorineural"?

Unyango iintlobo nokoyika esi sifo sonyango kwaye kuxhomekeke nezizathu lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Umzekelo, ubukho usulelo emiselweyo arhente ukudumba, antiviral okanye antibacterial. Ngamana ngakumbi Zimiseleni iivithamini B, kwakunye E. Xa kukho womchamo enamandla nokudumba zisetyenziswa kunye neziyobisi hormone.

Xa udinga amazinyo emboleko?

Awu, ukulahlekelwa sensorineural ayikwazi kusoloko zinokunyangeka ngoncedo iindlela angqingqwa yamayeza. Ke ukuba uhlobo zale sifo basabela kakuhle unyango, ilahleko ezindlebeni ezinganyangekiyo, iindlela ezinjalo nekungenakwenzeka ukuba nempembelelo futhe.

Kwezinye iimeko, ekuphela kwendlela ukubuyisela ukuva umntu yeyona ukusetyenziswa yokuncedisa ukuva. Hi ndlela leyi, models namhlanje bakaThixo ubungakanani encinane uvakalelo oluphezulu eyenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa.

kungenziwa ekuthiwa namhlanje otohirurgii kwezinye iindlela sifo ukuxilongwa cochlear, enika isithuba ukuba i electrode yangaphakathi ezizodwa Indlebe uyakwazi ukukhuthaza i-luvo eziviwayo. Le ndlela isetyenziswa kuphela xa ubuthulu lu dityanisiwe ukuphazamiseka licandelo Corti, kodwa amaziko luvo nobuchopho eziviwayo kusebenza kakuhle.