Phosphorus emzimbeni womntu; ixabiso, igalelo

Eziphilayo - eziphilayo, lifunda ukwakhiwa eekhemikhali iiseli ngamnye kunye nenyama xa iyonke. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba phantse 98% ye imixholo yeseli ziquka ioksijini, carbon, nitrogen kunye hydrogen. Ezi khemikhali kuthiwa organogenic. 1.8% zezi potassium, isodiyam, nemagnesium, chlorine kunye phosphorus. Xa abantu, ukuba yinxalenye neetyuwa izimbiwa yaye indlela ion ezilula okanye ezimbaxa, ukubonelela ikhondo eqhelekileyo ngayo ukutya. Umzekelo, umchiza enkulu iiseli inoxanduva okutshintshela zofuzo - nucleic - ziquka anions ezi anions of phosphoric acid.

I ATP zinemoletyhule apho amandla yeseli software lukwaquka ion phosphorus. Kweli nqaku, esilishumayelayo imizekelo ukuqinisekisa indima ebalulekileyo phosphorus emzimbeni womntu kunye neziphumo zawo phezu ukutya.

Covalent iibhondi polar nokubaluleka kwayo

Ubume Isiseko kwezinto eziphilayo ezenza izinto eziphilileyo, lo ekukwazini iimolekyuli ukwenza uhlobo oluthile bond chemical. Ibizwa ngokuba covalent polar kwaye ezivele phakathi atom nonmetal, ebonisa iimpawu ezingundoqo iikhompawundi chemical. Eziphilayo, ukufunda ubume molecule zizinto plant cells, nomngundo, izilwanyana, wabeka ukwakhiwa yemizimba yethu. Ndafumanisa ukuba, ngaphandle initrogen, ikharbon, ioksijini, kwaye ziqulathe phosphorus. Abantu, ukuba akafumaneki ngokwaseburhulumenteni free, ekubeni ityhefu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngo zezinto eziphilayo element na uhlobo anions meta-, ortho- okanye pyrophosphoric acid, banayo ukukwazi ukwakha ubuhlobo kunye ukuse- yesinyithi. Ziziphi izinto bakwazi ukuhlangabezana iiseli?

Phosphorus e iimolekyuli entsonkothileyo

Iiproteni system skeletal, iihomoni, iivitamini, kwakunye lipids ukwenza isakhiwo phosphorus aqulethe ion iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo. Xa abantu kukho imichiza entsonkothileyo - kunye phospholipids fosfoproteidy, zibumba molekyuli kwezinto eziphilayo esebenzayo - enzyme steroids. iibhondi covalent ezibandayo e-DNA kunye RNA nucleotides kuvumela ukuyilwa iibhondi phosphodiester esisezintanjeni asidi acid. Kutheni imfuneko phosphorus emzimbeni yaye ziziphi imisebenzi yayo ukutya? Makhe siqale siqwalasele lo mbandela kwinqanaba zeselula lombutho.

Indawo phosphorus kwi ekwakhiweni iziqalelo iiseli

Ngokutsho umxholo kwi icytoplasm kunye organelles (0.2-1%), non-but is kwindawo yesine emva izinto organogenic. Kakhulu kugcwale weentshukumo phosphorus iikhompawundi iiseli - osteocytes, zamazinyo izicwili kweziyobisi - dentin. Mkhulu wanelisekile lwabo luvo kunye glia, eyenza le luvo. athom phosphorus equlethwe iiproteni inwebu, ii-asidi acid izinto energy - ATP triphosphate adenosine kunye nefom yancitshiswa nikotinamiddinukleotidfosfata - NADP × H _2. Njengoko sibona apha phosphorus emzimbeni womntu ifumaneka kuzo zonke izakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu: iiseli, tissue, iinkqubo nokomzimba.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umgangatho weseli homeostasis, apho inkqubo evulekileyo ezizikhulelayo ixhomekeke lwee- ion ezahlukeneyo kulwelo intercellular kunye hyaloplasm. Yintoni umsebenzi we-phosphorus ekugcinweni imeko rhoqo angaphakathi umzimba womntu?

Inkqubo lwezimali

Ngenxa kwipropati ngokusebenzisa inwebu engaphandle semipermeable kwi kwiseli rhoqo ifumana izinto ezahlukeneyo, xi phezulu kakubi kuchaphazela umsebenzi wayo. Ukuze yokungenelela kwakuwo of ion zinetyhefu, ukuba kukho icytoplasm, kunye ukuse- isodiyam, potassium, calcium, iqulathe iintsalela emuncu carbonate, sulfite, kunye asidi phosphoric. Bona bayakwazi azithethelele agqithisile ion ezibanjiswe ehokweni, nokulawula ukuyondelelana kwiziqulatho intracellular. Inkqubo buffer ngaphandle bangane asidi babuthathaka, ngokuyimfuneko ziquka anions HPO ₄ ² no H ₂ PO ₄ ^- equlethe phosphorus. Abantu, le nto ndiyibhalayo inkqubo njengesikhuseli inika ikhosi physiologically eqhelekileyo yokusabela pathways kwinqanaba zeselula.

oxidative phosphorylation

Ukuqhekeka oganikhi khompawundi esiseleni kuthiwa nokuphefumla aerobic. Indawo - le mitochondria. Kwi isondo yangaphakathi - cristae organelles - enzymes akhiwe nezakhiwo. Umzekelo, inkqubo ATPase iquka abathwali electron molekuly-. Ngenxa ukusabela catalyzed yi enqanda ukusuka ADP kunye ezamahala iimolekyuli phosphoric acid kuhlelwe ATP - jikelele arhente iiseli eneji edliwe ngenxa ukwanda kwabo, ukukhula, eshukumayo. lasungulwa angamelwa kuhlelo reaction lula: F = ADP + ATP. Ke molekyuli adenosinetriphosphate inokuqokelelana kukho icytoplasm. Baya bakhonza njengomthombo wamandla ngenxa yomsebenzi ngomatshini, umzekelo, kwinkqubo dystrophy, kunye abasabela ngayo exchange zeplastiki. Ngoko ke, i-phosphorus emzimbeni womntu lidlala indima ephambili ukutya eneji.

iibhondi Phosphodiester yofuzo iimolekyuli

Umxholo High phosphorus atom ibhaliwe yeseli nucleus, njengenxalenye ilungu asidi acid. Kuvulwe sisazinzulu Swiss ngenkulungwane ye-19 F. Miescher, ukuba biopolymers ubunjwe monomers kunye - nucleotides. Ukumila wayekhona kwi purine kunye pyrimidine neenqwelwana, kunye Nendawo ongenekuzo uyila RNA chain kunye superhelix DNA. Le monomers of the nucleic ekwaziyo wokusungula isakhiwo Polymer ngokuvelisa iibhondi covalent phakathi iintsalela pentose kunye phosphoric acid elele nucleotides ezikufutshane. Zibizwa ngokuba phosphodiester. Ukwehla kwezinga DNA kunye RNA iimolekyuli zenzeka iiseli yabantu boniswa igamma radiation nzima okanye izinto eziyityhefu ngenxa eziyityhefu kungenxa komsipha iibhondi phosphodiester. Oku kukhokelela Iseli ukufa.

ingaphandle eziphilayo

Isakhiwo nokuchaza i imixholo Kumbindi esiseleni, kwaye yakhiwa phosphorus. Xa abantu ukuya kwi-40% ngokobunzima owomileyo iwela iikhompawundi equlathe phospholipids kunye fosfoproteidy. Zezona amacandelo enkulu umaleko inwebu, apho kukho kananjalo izinto ezifana iiprothini kanye carbohydrate. Umxholo phosphorus High ekuso ukuba neurocytes iqokobhe kunye neenkqubo - luvo kunye Umzobo wesi. imifinya Phospholipids ukunika plasticity, kunye pfumelelani ku molekyuli cholesterol kunye namandla. Kwakhona ukudlala indima abathunywa yesibini - okubonisa molecule activators kweziyi effector ababandakanyekayo nemithambo uyibona.

glands Parathyroid kunye nendima yabo phosphorus ukutya

i-ertyisi efanayo elele zombini uqabe isithinzi esinobubovu lengqula nokuba ubunzima 0.5-0.8 g nganye, esinobubovu parathyroid cell hormone parathyroid. UMthetho ukutshintshiselana izinto ezifana calcium phosphorus emzimbeni. Le misebenzi njengoko iziphumo zabo osteoblasts kunye osteocytes - iiseli ithambo, leyo baphenjelelwa hormone aqale cell ukuba ityiwa phosphoric acid kulwelo extracellular. Xa hyperfunction kwamadlala parathyroid amathambo abantu baphelelwa amandla, kwehla aze ndiludilize, isiqulatho phosphorus kubo kunciphisa kabukhali. Ngeli xesha, nengozi eyonyukileyo kwamathambo yomqolo, isinqe kunye iinyonga, ezisongela ubomi yesigulane. Kwangaxeshanye, imilinganiselo calcium. Oku kukhokelela hypercalcemia kunye neempawu ze-luvo peripheral nokuwa kwezihlunu skeletal. PTH enza izinto izintso, ukunciphisa iityuwa reabsorption phosphorus ukusuka umchamo lokuqala. Ukwandisa umxholo phosphate kwi kidney inyama ibangela hyperphosphaturia kunye calculus Ukwakheka.

Le bezimbiwa Ukubunjwa kwezihlunu bone

Yobulukhuni, amandla kunye luthambe inkqubo inkxaso kuxhomekeke umchiza ukwakhiwa iiseli ithambo. Osteocytes ibe njengoko iikhompawundi organic, umz ossein protein, kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo equlathe phosphate neetyuwa calcium nezinki. Nge ubudala, umntu yeekhomponenti kwezimbiwa ezifana hydroxylapatite kwi osteocytes kunye nokunyuka osteoblasts. ehlukene bone engaqhelekanga, ukuqokelela neetyuwa calcium kunye phosphorus kwemfuneko umzimba kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni luthambe kunye nokomelela amathambo, ngoko abantu abalupheleyo badla basemngciphekweni zokonzakala waphuka.

Ukuguqulwa iikhompawundi phosphorus emzimbeni womntu

Le ndlala inkulu sokugaya emzimbeni womntu - esibindini - ludlale indima ephambili reactions ngokutshintshiselana iikhompawundi phosphorus-equlethe. hormone Parathyroid novithamini D kwakhona igalelo kwezi nkqubo. Imfuneko yemihla ngemihla isiqalelo omdala yi 1,0-2, 0 grams, ngokuba abantwana abakwishumi elivisayo - 2.5 Phosphorus ngokohlobo neetyuwa ngokulula ukutya kwakunye kwizakhiwo kunye iiprothini kunye carbohydrate emzimbeni womntu uvela ukutya.

Zizele iimbewu zikajongilanga, ithanga, hemp. Kwizidlo zezilwanyana phosphorus eninzi chicken kwesibindi, inyama yenkomo, itshizi nzima, intlanzi. phosphorus kwemfuneko umzimba inokubangelwa ukuphazamiseka reabsorbtsionnoy umsebenzi kwezintso, iivithamini kakubi, calcium ukuswela ukutya. Nefuthe elibi phosphorus emzimbeni womntu ikakhulu wabonakaliswa sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi le sentliziyo inkqubo, sezintso bone izixhobo kwaye abonise izifo metabolic.