Phone SIM khadi: isixhobo

SIM khadi - isixhobo nto leyo imodyuli ubulungu nesazisi. Le wesekethe ezihlangeneyo yenzelwe amagumbi ekhuselekileyo yokugcina ukuchongwa yababhalisi mobile ngamazwe (IMSI) kunye isitshixo ezinxulumene osetyenziswa ukuchongwa uqinisekiso lwababhalisi ngamayelenqe kwiiselula (umz, iiselula kunye neekhompyutha). Usenakho kanti ukugcina qhagamshelana ulwazi SIM-amakhadi amaninzi.

cards SIM isoloko isetyenziselwa kwi GSM phones izixhobo nge eziyimfuneko kuphela ezintsha izixhobo lte-ehambelanayo. Kananjalo kusetyenziswa satellite phones.

SIM khadi yinxalenye umsebenzi kwisekethe iphela olumanyeneyo (UICC), nto leyo yenziwe PVC kunye nabo ezihlangeneyo semiconductors. SIM khadi, isixhobo esekelwe kwiteknoloji yedijithali, usenokulosulela data phakathi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo mobile.

SIM khadi ibandakanya:

• inani unique thotho lamazibuko (ICCID);
• isazisi ngamazwe mobile (IMSI);
• ungqinisiso kunye ufihlo;
• ulwazi ixesha kwi ariya yobulali yomsebenzi womnatha;
• uluhlu lweenkonzo apho umsebenzisi ufikelelo;
• isixhobo phone SIM khadi une amagama amabini: Identification Personal Inani (PIN) ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa eqhelekileyo, kunye nekhowudi personal unblocking key (i-PUK) ukuba ukuvula iPIN.

Imbali kunye nexesha emarikeni

Ekuqaleni format SIM luchazwa ngu yoQhagamshelwano European Standards Institute e iinkcukacha TS 11,11 inani echaza iimpawu zomzimba ubhalo kwekhadi leSIM. Nophuhliso UMTS yomsebenzi kucaciswe uye ngokupheleleyo kudluliselwa 3GPP.

Okokuqala i-SIM khadi yaphuhliswa ngo-1991 yi-Munich umenzi amakhadi smart Giesecke & Devrient, abathengisa iikopi zokuqala 300 umqhubi Finnish engenazingcingo kuthungelwano Radiolinja.

inactivation

Kwizivumelwano ezininzi yesivumelwano "ahlawule-hamba" kuya kufuneka ukuba usebenzise umane i yombane ukuze aphephe kokuphela imisebenzi akhawunti. Eli xesha ixhomekeke kumsebenzisi wenethiwekhi, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kugqitywa kwisithuba seenyanga ezintathu. Oku ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yokuba SIM khadi ayisebenzi kwi network.

ukubhalisa

amazwe kunye nabasebenzisi ifuna ukuchongwa ukuqalisa inkonzo, kodwa kukho ezinye iimeko, ezifana Hong Kong SAR.

njani ifowuni SIM khadi?

Kuba SIM-amakhadi amathathu ombane ukusebenza: 5V, 3V kunye 1.8V yokusebenza ombane lwesininzi "simok", babaleke bangemi bade 1998, kwaba-5 V. I kamva amakhadi wadala iyahambisana 3 V no-5 V. iimeko Modern inkxaso 5 V, 3 V no 1.8 V.

data

On SIM-amakhadi egcinwe ulwazi womnatha esetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa nokuchonga ababhalisele kwi-network. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ezi ICCID, IMSI, Uqinisekiso Key (Ki), indawo yendawo isazisi (lai) kunye nenani umnxeba likaxakeka yomsebenzisi.

Sim khadi, apho isixhobo isekelwe izikimu kwakhona igcina enye idatha, kuxhomekeka umqhubi, ezifana njenge inani iziko inkonzo imiyalezo emifutshane (ServiceServiceName SMS), igama lomboneleli wesevisi (SPN), amanani inkonzo igumbi (Sdn), parameters Advanceofcharge kunye nezicelo value added (Vas).

SIM khadi ezinokubonelelwa ubungakanani data ezahlukeneyo ukususela kowesi-8 ubuncinane 256 KB. Bonke bephela ukuvumela ukuba ukugcina ezona lwabafowunelwa 250, kodwa ukuba kukho luguqulelo oluphambi isithuba 32 KB ye-33 Iikhowudi mobile network (MNC) okanye "identifier womnatha", kukho uhlobo 64 KB kunjalo ukwenzela 80 MNC. Esi salathisi isetyenziswa inethiwekhi ukugcina owathandayo, kwaye ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa xa SIM ayikho womnatha ekhayeni lakho kwedatha. Yintoni isixhobo ikhadi enjalo ifowuni SIM?

Umqhubi, ngubani yakhululwa "sim card" onokusebenzisa ukudibanisa ifowuni yakho nenethiwekhi ekhethwayo ukusebenzisa isivumelwano ilungileyo lwe inethwekhi yenkampani sokuqala. Oku akuthethi ukuba ifowuni equlathe i-SIM oku, kufuneka elidityaniswe ukuya ku-33 okanye uthungelwano 80, nto leyo ithetha kuphela ukuba SIM khadi sobunyani walatha kuphela kule mali owathandayo. Ukuba i "Sim" zingaphandle owathandayo, iya kusebenzisa yokuqala okanye enhle ekhona.

ICCID

-SIM khadi nganye ezichongiweyo kwinqanaba ngamazwe kwi Umchongi yaloo mmandla oluhlangeneyo (ICCID). ICCID egcinwe kwi khadi, kwakunye oqingqiweyo okanye eshicilelweyo kwi package ngethuba lenkqubo siqu.

ICCID umiselwa ngesindululo ITU-T amanani E.118 njengoko Primary. layout yalo isekelwe kwi-ISO / IEC 7812. ngokwenani E.118 nga amanani ukuya ku-22 kuquka nemivo itshekhi ibalwa ngokusebenzisa Luhn algorithm. Noko ke, iSigaba 1 GSM zichazwa octets ubude ICCID 10 (amanani ama-20) kunye nesakhiwo ngqo abawasebenzisayo.

International Mobile Umbhalisi Identification (IMSI)

SIM khadi-ziyakhethwa inethiwekhi ngamnye ngapha ezizodwa ubulungu mobile ngamazwe (IMSI). Abaqhubi yenethiwekhi yeselula odityaniswe yefowuni iminxeba mobile kwaye ukutshintsha SIM-amakhadi abo emarikeni kunye IMSI wayo. format yabo elandelayo.

Imivo emithathu yokuqala zimele Mobile Country Code (MCC).

Imivo emibini okanye emithathu elandelayo kwiselula ikhowudi network (MNC). Iikhowudi MNC elinemivo emithathu wavumela E.212, kodwa ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa i-eUnited States naseKhanada.

Amanani alandelayo kumela inombolo yesazisi rhumela mobile (MSIN). Ngokuqhelekileyo digits-10, kodwa ke inani kuba ngaphantsi ngakumbi kwimeko MNC enamanani emithathu-okanye ukuba imithetho yesizwe zibonisa ukuba ubude elipheleleyo IMSI kufuneka ibe lixabiso samanani ngaphantsi kwe-15. Zonke ezi manani ziyahluka ukusuka kumazwe ngamazwe, kwangokunjalo kubekho umahluko kwi zilungiswe ngendlela SIM khadi. Esi sikimu umgangatho ofanayo kunye mveliso, umahluko kuphela iqatshelwe kweenkcukacha.

Ububhali iqhosha (Ki)

Kni - lixabiso bit-128 ukuba kusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa SIM khadi kwi-GSM womnatha mobile (network USIM usafuna i Ki, kodwa ufuna nezinye iparameters). Kwimeko nganye igcina-SIM khadi i Ki ekhethekileyo, wathunywa umqhubi ngexesha lenkqubo siqu. Olu khetho kwakhona igcinwe kwiziko ledatha (ebizwa ngokuba iziko ububhali, okanye AuC) kuthungelwano umboneleli wesevisi.

wenza ikhadi leSIM kunye yoku kungasentla njani? It yenzelwe ngendlela efana sikuphephe ukwenza Ki kunye ujongano smart card. Endaweni yoko, i-SIM khadi inikeza umsebenzi "Start GSM-algorithm", nto leyo evumela ifowuni bokukhupha data kwi "sim card", ekufuneka isayinwe Kum. Le nkolelo yokwenza ukusetyenziswa kwekhadi leSIM kufuneka ukuba Ki ayisuseki ukusuka SIM khadi okanye umqhubi ofuna ukwandisa olu khetho. Nto ithetha ukuba, GSM encryption algorithm yokubala SRES_2 (bona. Inyathelo 4 ngezantsi) loMthetho Ki iye semngciphekweni ezinye iindlela ezaziza ukuvumela kwakhona eli xabiso kunye "amakhadi SIM" kwaye wenze i SIM-card efanayo.

Ububhali Inkqubo

Xa waqala izixhobo mobile, oko asakuba ewafumene amanqaku ngamazwe SIM khadi mobile yababhalisi yesazisi (IMSI) aze ayithumele operator mobile ucela ufikelelo kunye ububhali. izixhobo Mobile basenokugqithisela i-PIN-ikhowudi olukwiSIM khadi phambi kokuba luya kuvula ulwazi.

Ukukhomba indawo indawo

Iivenkile SIM inethiwekhi ulwazi karhulumente, nemali leyo efumaneka kwindawo kwindawo yesazisi (lai). inethiwekhi zahlulwe kwimimandla indawo, nganye eneyazo inombolo lai unique. Xa ifowuni litshintsha indawo, igcina i-lai entsha kwi-SIM khadi, aze ayithumele emva kuthungelwano somqhubi kwindawo entsha. Ukuba ifowuni isebenza cyclically, iya Khupha data ukusuka 'Sims "nokukhangela lai edlulileyo. On lo msebenzi yaye ezinye bugs kunye SIM khadi.

SMS-imiyalezo kunye nabafowunelwa

Uninzi SIM-amakhadi ayizukugqiba ukugcina isixa esithile SMS-imiyalezo kunye nabo incwadi yefowuni. Abafownelwa agcinwe ngababini ezilula 'igama kunye nenombolo ": iingxelo elinokuqukatha amanani ezininzi zefowuni kunye neenombolo zefowuni ezongezelelweyo bakholisa zigcinwe kuyo. Iimeko ezinjalo zinika isixhobo SIM khadi. Abezonxibelelwano na ukusindiswa anqongophele. Ngokomzekelo, xa umsebenzisi ezama ukuba ukhuphele iirekhodi ezinjalo kwi "ikhadi leSIM" lwesoftwe yefowuni iyahlula zibe iirekhodi eziliqela, ulahle naziphi na iinkcukacha oko inombolo yefowuni.

Inani neenombolo ezigcinwe kunye nemiyalezo ixhomekeke SIM-khadi. imifuziselo zabaSaqalayo ziya ukugcina inani lemiyalezo ezintlanu kunye nabafowunelwa-20 ngelixa amakhadi SIM namhlanje bayakwazi ukugcina izinto ezingaphezulu kwama-250.

SIM khadi: ifowuni kunye neefomathi

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, uphuhliso SIM khadi baba ezincinane, kunye nokusebenza lwabo aluxhomekekanga kwi fomathi. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo epheleleyo ubungakanani-"Simcoe" kulandele i mini-SIM, micro-SIM kunye nano-SIM. Namhlanje ke, wazakhela kwifowuni.

ubungakanani-Full SIM khadi

SIM khadi ubungakanani-apheleleyo (okanye 1FF, uhlobo 1 factor) waba ngowokuqala ifomu factor. It has ubungakanani ikhadi lamatyala (85,60 × 53,98 × 0,76 mm). Kamva, ezincinane "Sims" lidla kuthengiswa ngokupheleleyo-ubungakanani eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kwimaphu, ukuba kwenziwe kuyo.

Mini-SIM

Imephu mini-SIM (okanye 2FF) alwenzi nto qha efanayo njengoko ikhadi leSIM ngokupheleleyo-ertyisi, yaye inikezelwe kwi iadaptha ubungakanani ngokupheleleyo-eqhotyoshelwe kuso amalungu coupling. Esi sikimu ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi izixhobo kunye efuna ikhadi ngokupheleleyo kwaye kwifowni, efuna i mini-SIM khadi (emva komsipha of kokuxhuma). Ekubeni ngokupheleleyo-ubude 'Simca "ayisa kusetyenziswa, abanye abathengisi bathi oku umgangatho fomu factor okanye SIM-card rhoqo.

Micro-SIM

Imephu micro-SIM (okanye 3FF) iye ububanzi efanayo kunye nendawo lwabafowunelwa, kodwa azakubalulwa ubude ezincinane nobubanzi.

format Micro-SIM iye yaziswa yoQhagamshelwano European Standards Institute (ETSI) ukuba ufakelo kwizixhobo ukuba yancinane exhwaneni mini-SIM khadi. Form factor kukhankanyiwe iqela 3GPP SMG9 UMTS ukusebenza, nto leyo umzimba lilenya emigangatho GSM SIM khadi, ngoDisemba 1998, yaye kamva ekuvunyelwene ekupheleni kuka-2003.

Micro-SIM iyilwe ngezisebenzelwanoezibuya umva. Ingxaki engundoqo yaba indawo lwabafowunelwa chip. Ukonga indawo zoqhagamshelwano efanayo kuvumela micro-SIM ukuba isebenzisane kunye yangaphambili, ezinkulu SIM-amakhadi umfundi ngokusebenzisa iinotshi zeplastiki. Izixhobo kwakhona yenzelwe ukusebenza ngesantya esifanayo (5 MHz) njengoko version yangaphambili. Ubukhulu efanayo kunye nendawo abafowunelwa kwakhokelela ekubeni tutorials ezininzi, yaye YouTube iividiyo kunye imiyalelo eneenkcukacha ukugawula mini-SIM khadi kubungakanani micro-SIM. Noko ke, isenzo esinjalo ekhaya amaxesha kukhokelela kukuba ngenxa iSIM khadi ayifani isixhobo okanye babe yanto.

Nano-SIM

Imephu nano-SIM (okanye 4FF) kwenziwa intetho-Oktobha 11, 2012, xa abaniki nkonzo mobile kumazwe ahlukeneyo baqala ukunikeza ngenxa phones abaxhasa le fomathi. Nano-SIM ineenkalo ka 12.3 × 8.8 × 0,67 mm kwaye unciphisa ifomati yangaphambili kwindawo lwabafowunelwa, lo gama kugcinwe imisebenzi ekhoyo. A undi encinci izinto zokwambathisa kuhlala phakathi kwindawo yokuqhagamshelana ukuphepha kwiziphaluka elifutshane. Nano-khadi Ebubanzini 0,67 mm kuthelekiswa 0.76 mm neyezingaphambili. ikhadi 4FF zingafakwa kwi-adaptha yokusebenzisa izixhobo eziyilelwe SIM khadi 2FF okanye 3FF, yaye oku kwenza nje ukubhitya, kodwa iinkampani ezininzi phone musa bancoma.

Iphone 5, ezapapashwa ngoSeptemba 2012, yaba isixhobo yokuqala basebenzisa yasebenza amakhadi SIM nano, nolwathi lwalandelwa kwezinye phones.

Isizukulwana ezayo esitsha amakhadi SIM ekuthiwa ESIM okanye eSIM (embeddedSIM), nto leyo chip non-replaceable edibeneyo iphakheji UNYANA-8 - soldered ngqo kwibhodi wesekethe. Kuya kuba nako m2m kunye unikezelo lobekelo kude kwi-SIM khadi.