Ugonyo - yintoni na le nto?

Zokungenisa kwamagciwane yabantu ebangela yokwemvelo yokusabela ukuzithethelela. Iveliswe omzimba athile, ezithi zihlasele iintsholongwane. Emva kokuba ndiyoyisile le yokugula ezi izinto ahlale emzimbeni. Ngaloo ugonyo kwenzeka. Le yinkqubo apho umntu uzuza ukuxhathisa kwizifo ezithile.

inkqubo yokugonya

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ugonyo njengenye yeendlela isebenzayo silwe zonke iintlobo zezifo eziyingozi: uminxano, isifo somqala omhlophe, hepatitis B, unkonkonko, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Le ndlela iquka alawula umntu isitofu sokugonya okhethekileyo, nto leyo yenza ukuba indlela zikhusela eziphilayo. Okokuqala ngqa, le nkqubo lwaqhutywa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ugonyo inceda ukuthintela ukufa abaninzi kwizifo ezosulelayo. Ukuze kulungiswe amajoni omzimba yasekelwa, kunye nemiphumela emibi yaba ncinci, imiba emininzi kuthathelwa ingqalelo. Phakathi kwazo kwakukho yobudala kunye nobume bempilo, nobuthathaka kwizifo ezithile iindidi ezithile yabemi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ugonyo - indlela kakhulu zombini ekuthinteleni izifo kunye ukwandiswa kwazo olubanzi (umzekelo, tuberculosis).

ekugonyweni esebenzayo

Kunokuba ibe zombini yendalo neyenziweyo. ugonyo Natural kwenzeka emva izifo. Elesibini ikhutshwa phandle kokusebenzisa amayeza. Izitofu uza kuhlala, kunye amagciwane kwabafileyo, imichiza, okudalwe ubunjineli yemfuza, multicomponent, kunye iingceba DNA ye gciwane. Ngenxa yoko, ugonyo esebenzayo ikhuthaza umphumela ohlala, ukukhusela umzimba nxamnye izifo ezihlasela zosulele. Ulawulo lokugonya kungathatha indawo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: butofelwe, intramuscularly, kwesikhumba okanye intradermally (isebenzayo). Xa esebenzayo gonyo kufuneka kubalwe echanekileyo umthamo. Ukuba izinga kuyedlulwa, akusayi kuphinda sifo kunokwenzeka. Xa ubuza ukuba ugonyo na alusebenzi.

intsholongwane Live, bayanda emzimbeni, lukwakhuthaza secretory zeselula, nezifo humoral. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela zogonyo kuneengxaki zako. Okokuqala kunokwenzeka ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Njengoko omnye wengxenye lokugonya ezifana indibaniselwano namanye micro-eziphilayo unganikeza basabela engalindelekanga. ugonyo Active - ngendlela engekho ezifanelekileyo abantu immunodeficiency, izigulane leukemia, lymphoma, abo bafumana radiotherapy. Ukuwiswa ngeenkqubo zokugonya kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.

toxoids isicelo

Amaxesha amaninzi toxoids esetyenziselwa nogonyo. Le into, nto leyo ifunyenwe nezikhundla le tyhefu kunye formalin. Ngoko, kuba nabungozi, kodwa igcina immunomodulating izakhiwo. Ezi toxoids asetyenziswa ukugonya nxamnye nominxano, ukubola komqala. Le ugonyo oluqhutywa izigaba ezibini, ikhefu phakathi kwabo ukuba babe iinyanga malunga 1.5. Ke kamva ngonyaka wavelisa revaccination.

ekugonyweni asonge

okukwazi okwethutyana eyenziwe nge kugonyo kwisixando sokwenziwa. Salawulwa antibodies nezakhi ezithile. Njengomgaqo, kusetyenziswa le ndlela, ukuba ugonyo esebenzayo asikhange kwenzelwa kunyango ukulunywa zesigcawu, iinyoka. Ngenxa yoko, zava ugonyo - indlela enika isiphumo kuphela elifutshane (nangona ngokonangoko) kwaye idla isicelo emva qhagamshelana ne-arhente. Sebenzisa ngelixa iziyobisi ezifana immunoglobulin yabantu (eqhelekileyo ezithile), serum okhethekileyo. Le zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa immunoglobulins na kuthintelo lwe-hepatitis B, imasisi, immunodeficiency, nangokurhala elide kunye nosuleleko. An immunoglobulin evela igazi plasma womntu omdala. Its okuqokelelwe-zihlolelwe ubukho usulelo. Alawulwa ngurhulumente iziyobisi intramuscularly ezinjalo. Elona nani liphezulu izilwa-buhlungu kuye kwaphawulwa ngosuku lwesibini. Emva kweeveki nama-4, iba. Maxa wambi xa kukho inaliti ibuhlungu. Ngoko ke, iingcali bacebisa bafake iziyobisi enzulu ngokwaneleyo.

amachiza Associated babase kwisitofu

Kwezinye iimeko, izenzo ezinxulumene ugonyo. Le ukusetyenziswa ngamalungiselelo enamakhulu nezakhi ezahlukeneyo. Inzuzo ephambili yale ndlela kukuba ukunciphisa inani lwezitofu ezifunekayo zolawulo iantigens nganye. Ngaphezu koko, a ugonyo olo igalelo kuphuhliso sifo kwixesha elifutshane ngexesha kwaye ivumela ukudibanisa ezisegazini kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo (ngokuxhomekeke imeko yangoku epidemiological). A ekuqulunqeni ecacileyo emele pertussis, ukubola komqala kunye nominxano (DPT).

ezithathwa nokugonywa

Ukuze lokuqhawula ngokukhawuleza umqokozo yokosulela kwezifo ezithile yohambo, ugonyo yenziwa. Le iseti yamanyathelo ejolise ukuphumeza ugonyo bonke abantwana (kungakhathaliseki nokuba ziye zagonywa ngaphambili). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ugonyo ixesha ukubamba-up ukusukela kwiveki enye ukuya kwinyanga enye. Eyona njongo ephambili yale izenzo ezinjalo ukugonya onke labantu isifo esithile. Amaxesha amaninzi imisebenzi enjalo ziqhutywa kumazwe asakhasayo (apho ukosuleleka kumba, kwaye ngamaxwebhu ugonyo idla engekho).

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kogonyo

Nangona ugonyo sabantu - zako ekhuselekileyo inkqubo kuyimfuneko, kukuvela reactions ezibi isekhona kunokwenzeka. Amaninzi, umntu uyakwazi ukubona ngumkhuhlane kancinane, iintlungu kuyo inaliti. Abantwana baba ndingatyhilekanga, ukutya zehla. Hayi ecaleni, kunye negazi. Kunqabile ukuba bagcine angioedema. Ukuba usebenzisa i isitofu live, ngamanye amaxesha unesifo luhlobo wobulali isifo (imasisi, rubella). Ukuze siphephe iingxaki ezinjalo, ugonyo kufuneka kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo. Kuqala kwinto zonke, umntwana kufuneka ube sempilweni ngokupheleleyo. Phambi ngalinye Ukuchumisa efunekayo ngetshekhi-up, eligqala iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, ezincina kwisisu ngomlomo, umqala, emiphungeni uyaphulaphula. Kuphela emva kokuba yonke le nto, banikwe ulwalathiso gonyo.

Indlela yokunceda umntwana wakho ukususa ugonyo?

Izitofu kubangela intlungu ebantwaneni (elifutshane-term). Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ugonyo umntwana inqweneleka ekuqinisekiseni. Ukuba emva akayicingi ubushushu (ingakumbi ngasentla 39 ° C) kufuneka banike iziyobisi ukunciphisa kuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kweli xesha umntwana olitshijolo, otya ngayo. Akukho mfuneko ukuchitha nabo imidlalo esebenzayo, kwanyanzeleka ukuba adle. Kungcono ukukhetha ezinye seshoni ukuzola. Kufuneka ukudala iimeko obutofotofo endlwini zemozulu: umoya kufuneka ezomileyo kunye ubushushu - phezulu kakhulu. Kufuneka ibe usana buhlungu, sinikele ingqalelo naye eliphezulu, ngenxa yokuba ngoku kakhulu abasweleyo. Ukuba emva kogonyo lwemasisi, rubella, njl irhashalala, akufuneki ukuba kubangela inkxalabo. Yena uya kude ngokwayo emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, naziphi na utshintsho eMiddle yokuziphatha, unditsho, iingxaki ukuphefumla, silale ixesha elide - isizathu esinzulu ukuba babuyele yincutshe.

Iveki Ugonyo - yintoni na?

I-World Health Organization sele kuyiminyaka 10 ekuqhubeni yaseYurophu Week Ugonyo. Le iseti yamanyathelo ejolise kuhanjiswa ulwazi ngokubaluleka gonyo. Ngexesha lolonyulo, nabani sinokufumanisa ukuba amachiza nako ukukhusela abantu, yintoni na le nokuqhubekayo kweli candelo. Iveki Ugonyo kunceda abazali ukuba benze ukhetho esixhasa zisigonyelwe. Ngohlobo lula inika inkcazelo malunga zonke izifo kunokukuchaphazela kakubi impilo yomntwana. Umyalezo ophambili kweli phulo kukuba logonyo - kukukwazi ukuphelisa esi sifo kakhulu (yingqakaqha, isifo somqala), balahle kubo ngonaphakade.