Olunokubakho eRashiya yenyukliya. izikhali Nuclear Russia

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amandla enyukliya Russia yeyona yesibini ngobukhulu ehlabathini. Okwangoku kweli lizwe kukho ngaphezulu kwe 1500 iintlawulo iiyunithi eziku, kwakunye nendawo enkulu kwebhola zenyukliya. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amandla zikhali of Russia isekelwe phezu uhlobo uziqu enyukliya, equka amacandelo omabini umoya, umhlaba nolwandle, kodwa ugxininiso wosuku uza ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo ukukhusela "Topol komhlaba-based, kubandakanywa nabo izakhiwo ezizodwa kakhulu bayisile ekhaya mobile ebizwa ".

amanani ngqo

Njengoko bathi imithombo ezivulekileyo, Rocket Forces Strategic wasebenzisa 385 Ufakelo zabo mihla kunye IDB, kwangaxeshanye kuquka:

• 180 SS-25 imijukujelwa;
• 72 SS-19 ngexabiso;
• 68 SS-18 imijukujelwa;
• 50 imijukujelwa SS-27, ngokusekelwe kwimigodi;
• 15 imijukujelwa SS-27 mobile ekhaya.

Ukulwa amandla ka Naval Forces ibandakanya 12 lweenqanawa ezintywilayo enomjukujelwa qhinga, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba amandla enyukliya eRashiya kaThixo asakhulayo lweenqanawa ezintywilayo 7 project "Dolphin", kwakunye ne-5 iiprojekthi 'Kalmar'. Ngomhla inxalenye Force Air wabeka phambili 77 ekuhlaseleni enzima.

yokuhlola International

Commission International benza ekuphazamiseni ukwanda yenyukliya kunye kwezixhobo, uthi xa ilifa Russia ekhoyo nama-2,000 zikhali Committe, lo gama, ngokutsho iingcali, kukho eziliqela, eyenziweyo ukunciphisa amandla enyukliya Russia. Ngokukodwa, kubalulekile ukuphawula ezimbalwa kubo:

• yobudala media Strategic ngokuhamba kwexesha. Malunga nama-80% yenani lilonke imijukujelwa abe nobomi elidlulileyo.
• Space kunye neeyunithi enomjukujelwa isilumkiso esekelwe emhlabeni-elinganiselwe umthamo, ngokukodwa ngokubhekisele ukungabikho iyonke lokuqaphela eyingozi kakhulu kunye rocket ngokubhekiselele kwiindawo, apho ibekwe Atlantic Ocean, kwakunye kuninzi Pacific Ocean.
• bomber Heavy wagxila kuphela iziseko zeempondlo zayo zombini, yiyo kakhulu abasengozini yokulahlwa kwe preemption.
• lweenqanawa ezintywilayo enomjukujelwa babe ukuhamba kancinane, into kwindawo esebenzayo ezimbini okanye kuphela nokuba isithuthi sungula eyodwa inxaxheba kwimijikelo elwandle.

izinto ezintle

Ngelo xesha, ukuba amandla omkhosi enyukliya Russia eziliqela iinkalo ezintle:

• Kutshanje Kuye kwagqitywa uphuhliso ndingento entsha ngokupheleleyo enomjukujelwa "yars";
• waphinda wenza imveliso ekuhlaseleni enzima Tu-160 imodeli;
• waqala iimvavanyo moya inkqubo enomjukujelwa wenqanawa ekwakusithiwa "Bulava", kwi ngasinye apho kukho isikhali yenyukliya;
• kwenziwe isizukulwana esitsha iinkqubo radar sele kuqaliswa okuthintela yokuhlaselwa enomjukujelwa kummandla Krasnodar kunye nommandla Leningrad;
• orbit kule minyaka yokugqibela sirhoxisiwe inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo-Hewana "Cosmos" imifuziselo, leyo sifike kumanqanaba imihla nenkqubo yokulunkisa kwangethuba, owaziwa ngelika "Eye".

Ebalulekileyo yomgaqo-nkqubo yenyukliya

Ne-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, eRashiya ithi zonke enomjukujelwa zenyukliya ukuba kufuneka balandele inkqubo zongcoliseko, kodwa intsingiselo eli gama noko elungisiweyo namhlanje. Xa thesis rhoqo ukuba iRussia ekusabeleni inokubangela umonakalo umhlaseli, ngokuthe ngcembe waqalisa ukutshintsha kunye nobungakanani zongcoliseko ezaqala ngayo amagama, ukutshintsha iimfundiso mihla emkhosini. Ngokukodwa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba imfundiso yomkhosi ka-1993 inika okunciphisa iindleko ayenziwanga nje oqhelekileyo, kodwa ndlongo zenyukliya, kodwa nakubeni ekuqaleni amagama Kujongwe amathuba impendulo wenyukliya ukuhlasela non-nuclear, ekuqaleni zagxininisa nje izinto ozifunayo eyenza amazwe kunye izixhobo zenyukliya.

1996

umyalezo sikaMongameli kukhuseleko lukazwelonke ngo-1996 kuye uthe imfuneko ukunqanda amathuba ngenxa yesifo yenyukliya, nokuba Russia unokusebenzisa xa kuthe enkulu-isikali imikhosi zikhali bundlobongela, nkqu kwimeko imikhosi eziqhelekileyo. Kwakhona ke kukhankanywe ukuba eli lizwe uza ukwenza umgaqo-nkqubo kwiinzame zokuthintela inyukliya ngokwamanqanaba zemimandla, zasekuhlaleni jikelele.

1997

National Security Concept 1997 inika ekulondolozeni bundlobongela, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla enyukliya kwimeko ndlongo abaxhobileyo kukhokelela ingozi ubukho Russian Federation. Ngenxa yoko, Russia unelungelo lokusebenzisa amandla zikhali ukuphendula nayiphi na ndlongo, oko kukuthi, enoba welinye icala awusebenzisi izixhobo zenyukliya. Ukongeza, ezi imixube ukulungiselela ukulondolozwa ubuchule Russian ukusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya kuqala.

2010

Military Mfundiso ye Russian Federation yamkelwa ngokungqinelana ingqibo umongameli, wathi Russian Federation unelungelo lokusebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya kwimeko kuyo okanye namahlakani ayo, izixhobo zenyukliya uya kugqiba ukusebenzisa kulo, okanye usebenzise nayiphi na nezixhobo zokubulala abantu abaninzi. SNF kwakhona Ingabizwa kwimeko uchuku iRussia lwenziwa izixhobo eqhelekileyo ukuba kuquka kusisisongelo ubukho karhulumente ngokwawo.

Okulandelayo, sijonga indlela Russia akwazi kusungula ugwayimbo enyukliya, iyeyiphi iimpawu sixhobo.

MDB-P 36 UTTKh

IDB UTTKh R-36, eyaziwa ngabaninzi njenge "Voevoda" liqonga-ezimbini lulwelo enomjukujelwa wesisele-based. Le enomjukujelwa luphuhliso lwe CB "South", ibekwe Dnipropetrovsk e Ukraine isekhona eSoviet Union, yaye wasebenzisa eli umjukujelwa ngo-1980. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba 1988 umjukujelwa iye yala maxesha, kwaye ngoku olu guqulelo isetyenziswa kwinkonzo.

kuhlaselwa Nuclear nale sixhobo linokusetyenziswa kumgama 15,000 km, kunye payload ka-8800 kg. Isiseko umjukujelwa MIRV langoku zixhotyiswe ezase befu- kunye wokukhomba ngamnye.

Amandla isigxina enyukliya le ezase bahlaziye ngexabiso egqitha 800 kt, lo gama i-uguqulelo ukuqala waba kt kuphela 500. ecaleni Probabilistic nalo lancitshiswa ukusuka 370 ukuya-220 m.

IDB Ur-100N UTTKh

Lali-ezimbini lulwelo-propellant enomjukujelwa, ephuhlisa KBM e Reutov, imi kummandla eMoscow. Kwakhona kubalulekile enkonzweni, ukususela ngowe-1980. warhead Nuclear ingadubula kumgama ukuya ku-10 000 km ukusuka launch, ubunzima ukuphoswa-enomjukujelwa yi 4035 kg. Sisiseko MIRV enomjukujelwa langoku ukuba ezintandathu ezase ngabanye ekhokelwa kwimveliso ekujoliswe kuzo nganye 400 kt. Probabilistic setyhula kuka m 350.

ICBMs RT-2 ebusuku

Solid-fuel isigaba ezintathu-irula emhlabeni-based mobile njengoko iqulunqwe Moscow Institute of Technology Thermal. Kufuneka sibe isixhobo lizwe ukususela 1988. Le enomjukujelwa iyakwazi betha ithagethi, xa umgama ukuya ku 10.5 km ukusuka launch, ibhola lokulinganisa 1000 kg. Kule kukho kuphela warhead umthamo elinye ngexabiso ka 800 kt, lo gama amathuba setyhula kuka m 350.

ICBM RT-2PM1 / M2

Solid-fuel isigaba ezintathu-irula wesisele-based okanye mobile njengoko iqulunqwe Moscow Institute of Technology Thermal. Isetyenziswa kwiingalo Russian ukususela 2000. warhead Nuclear arhabaxa ithagethi abakwiindawo umgama ukuya ku-11 000 km ukusuka kwindawo sokuqaliswa yayo, ngexesha ukuba payload ka-1200 kg. Iyunithi combat kuphela ngaba inobunzima obumalunga nama-800 kt kunye probabilistic setyhula ukutenxa ifikelela m 350.

RS-24 ICBM

amafutha eqinileyo Intercontinental enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa ikhaya mobile, baxhotyiswa kunye warhead reentry ezininzi. Uphuhliso fanele ku Moscow Institute of Robotics. MBR i ukuguqulwa PT 2PM2. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimpawu zobugcisa enomjukujelwa nyonke.

SLBMs

Lali-ezimbini engamanzi enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa eyenzelwe zixhobo mihla ii nkwili. Qhinga imikhosi zenyukliya lohlobo eziqulunqwe KBM kummandla eChelyabinsk. Kufuneka babe kwinkonzo ukususela 1977. Russian imikhosi zikhali pushes enomjukujelwa esimbaxa D-9R, ukuba kumafa wayo ngexesha elifanayo imijukujelwa ezimbini like "squid".

Le enomjukujelwa iye iindidi ezintathu eziphambili izixhobo yokulwa;

• monoblock intloko inxenye, nto leyo iba yenyukliya umthamo isigxina 450 kt;
• MIRV intloko kunye neeyunithi ngamandla ezintathu 200 rt nganye;
• MIRV ukuba lezi ezisixhenxe, ngamnye apho lwamandla 100 kt.

RSM-29RM

I sigaba ezintathu-engamanzi enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa eyenzelwe yokuqalisa inkwili kuphuhliswa kwindawo KBM eChelyabinsk. Le modeli entsonkothileyo ye-D-9R uye, xa neengalo zawo ngaxeshanye "Dolphin 'uyilo esetyenziswa semkhosini ukususela 1986 amabini.

Le enomjukujelwa luphawulwa embodiments ezimbini eziphambili izixhobo:

• MIRV, equlethe ezase ezine umthamo kilotons 200;
• MIRV yafakwa ezase ezilishumi 100 kt.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukususela ngo-2007 lo imijukujelwa data zaye ngokuthe ngcembe indawo senziwe ngoguqulelo lungiswa ebizwa R29RM. Kulo mzekelo, omnye kuphela lobeko inikeza isixhobo yokulwa - i ezase ezisibhozo ngamandla kabani ngu 100 kt.

F-30

P-30, eyaziwa ngokuba "Bulava", ukuphuhla Russian kakhulu mihla. Ballistic eqinileyo-propellant enomjukujelwa kujongwe ukuba kubekwa ii nkwili. Le enomjukujelwa iyaphuhliswa yi le Moscow Institute of Technology Thermal.

Umjukujelwa kufakwa iibhloko ezilishumi enyukliya ukhokelo ngamnye ukuba uyakwazi ukujika ubude khosi. uluhlu zokusebenza le enomjukujelwa ayikho ngaphantsi kwe 8000 km ezingama kwebhola okukhawulezileyo ubunzima ka-1150 kg.

uphuhliso

Ngo-2010, isivumelwano sasayinwa, phantsi apho amandla enyukliya Russia kunye United States ngcembe kuya kuncipha kule minyaka esixhenxe ezayo. Ngokukodwa, nivumelene ukuba amaqela aya athobele imiqathango kusungulo kwezixhobo zobuchule ekhubekisayo, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• inani bomber yenyukliya kunye iintlawuliso ICBM ezifakwe kunye BPRL kufuneka abe ngaphezulu kwe-1.550;
• inani elipheleleyo SLBMs eziku, IDB kunye bomber enzima kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kweeyunithi ezingama 700;
• inani elipheleleyo non-eziku okanye ezifakwe ICBM kunye bomber enzima - ngaphantsi kwe iiyunithi 800.

uluvo isazi

Iingcali uqaphele: ngalo mzuzu kukho ukuba eRashiya eyandisa amandla enyukliya. Ngokukodwa, ekupheleni kuka-2012 eRashiya lwazinyaswa zizithuthi eziku unikezelo nama-490 no 1,500 zikhali eziku kubo.

Ngokutsho uqikelelo Uphando Service of the United States Congress, ekusetyenzisweni kwesi sivumelwano inani elipheleleyo abathwali eRashiya kuya kuncipha kwiiyunithi 440, ngelixa inani elipheleleyo ezase ngexesha ngo-2017 baya kufikelela iiyunithi 1335. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho ezininzi yeenguqu indlela yokubala. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi imvumelwano entsha, bomber nganye ezifakwe ngamnye yiyunithi inye, xa enyanisweni enye Tu-160 uyakwazi ukuqhubeka kwibhodi ngexesha 12 imijukujelwa efanayo yenyukliya B-52H - kwaye 20.