Olumnyama umthi: photo umbala. Iziqhamo of nemisimbithi, yaba sisithabathaba. Iimveliso ezenziwe ngokhuni nemisimbithi, yaba sisithabathaba

Olumnyama has a enyulu imivumbo abamnyama okanye abebala iinkuni. It has akukho amakhonkco ecacileyo yonyaka. nzima kakhulu kwaye eqinileyo, oko mhlawumbi ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo kweenkuni. iimpawu ezinjalo lokuba ezinye abameli sodidi lentsapho ePersimmon Ebony.

Inkcazelo kunye neempawu

Olumnyama (photo obekwe kweli nqaku) - scatteredly semithambo ephilileyo hardwood ukuba ethambileyo emxinwa omhlophe (nemithi layer nangoko ezikufutshane uthinte). It has a engundoqo kunye amakhonkco ukukhula imperceptible Umbala ezimnyama kwindawo ecwebezelayo. ray amilise okwentliziyo yakhe zimxinwa kakhulu, ngoko ke asikwazi kubonakala nawaphi na kula macandelo. iimpahla Small, iqokelelwe kwiqela iphiramidi, kwashiya ngezinto isandi, zipeyintwe emnyama.

Ukuxinana bomthi nemisimbithi, womile ziyahluka ukusuka 1000 ukuya 1300 kg / m³. Le nxalenye libanzi nokuchasanisa kakhulu kunye nombala ezimnyama ngumongo. Noko ke, umhla-Plum, kwakunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zemithi babe umahluko enye enkulu. Ihlala yokuba nxalenye labo kunye neenkuni aqolileyo ncakasana ngombala.

isithelo

Ndimele ndithi ukuba ukususela kumaxesha amandulo Ebony wayengqongwe ngabantu amavo twisisaka neenkolelo. Ngokomzekelo, umphengululi yamandulo yamaGrike uPausanias wabhala ukuba ayinasiqhamo kwaye akukho nokuba abe amagqabi, kwaye iqulathe kuphela yeengcambu, nto leyo asetyenziswa ukuphiliswa wamaTiyopiya.

Uninzi Eben, eziyinzalelwane ziluhlaza yimvula sabutropikhi, kodwa zikhona iintlobo zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, kuxhaphakile sezulu sifudumele. ePersimmon abaseAfrika okuya kuba kule ntsapho. Isiqhamo olumnyama enkulu kakhulu kwaye emnandi imbonakalo ufana yetumato. Xa imisongo yamandulo Chinese ngayo wabhala enye 3 amawaka. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Nepersimmons edliwayo ekrwada, uze upheke kuyo ilondoloza, iilekese, iziqhamo candied, kwaye nkqu iwayini kunye liqueurs. Ukongeza, loo nto ithathwa imveliso elungileyo zokutya.

iintlobo Afrika

Into enjengale nemisimbithi, yaba sisithabathaba, idibanisa inani kubangela ukuba eziyinzalelwane Asia (eSri Lanka, India) kunye Afrika (Cameroon, Nigeria, Zaire, Ghana). main osemqoka Its - umbala ezimnyama ongundoqo omkhulu.

olumnyama eCameroon - yeyona ixhaphakileyo iindidi iinkuni, nto leyo ayethathwe lizwekazi. It has a umbala nzulu abamnyama, maxa wambi enemizila nengwevu. Eyona iphambili yale iinkuni kugqame pores ezivulekileyo, ngenxa kuwo ezixabisa ngaphantsi kakhulu kunezinye iintlobo Pore encinane.

Madagascar olumnyama - a dark brown iinkuni ezinoxinano ku-1000 kg / m³, nto leyo eye phantse pores ezingabonakaliyo, nzima kakhulu ukufuma, oko akoyiki ziintubi.

iintlobo Asia

Macassar olumnyama - "color" iinkuni, nxalenye leyo iba umbala bulubhelu omhlophe, ikhula e Indonesia. I kernel ngokwayo ezimnyama eludaka okanye ukukhanya lulubhelu isakhiwo ashinyeneyo kakhulu oluya ku 1300 kg / m³. Uthuli mthi, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye abanye nemisimbithi, ayityhefu kakhulu. Oku kunokubangela ezahlukahlukeneyo ziyabagulisa abantu, umzekelo, kwinwebu ulusu okanye ngenwebu yangaphakathi.

Muna olumnyama - iinkuni, efana kakhulu aseMacassar, kodwa iza kummandla Vietnam kunye eLaos.

Ceylon olumnyama neneempawu ilungileyo: eziqinileyo, kunye pores ezingabonakaliyo ngokugqibeleleyo olubengezela kakuhle, nzima kakhulu ukufuma kunye nezinambuzane eziyingozi. Iimveliso ezenziwe kwalo kunzima kakhulu ukufumana ngokuba kunqabile kakhulu kwaye ingqalelo umgangatho ophezulu yaye kubize. Ivela imithi ezinjalo kwi 16-19 kwiinkulungwane th, iingcibi luthe ifanitshala zabo.

iintlobo okukhethekile

olumnyama Lunar - uhlobo ezinqabileyo kakhulu mabolo eziphilayo. Ukhula kwiiPhilippines kwaye ifumaneka kuphela emahlathini luluqilima emvula zaseMyanmar. Le olumnyama umthi, umbala leyo abangasekhoyo ukukhanya engaqhelekanga, ikhangeleka zintle kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba iinkuni namarhela kunye neyarkimi nakolu emhlophe, amabala ezibuhlazarha, kodwa emva kokuba yaphuse imibala yatshintsha nombala segolide emthubi ngeepateni omnyama, ngemivumbo kunye wachuba iindawo. Ngamanye amaxesha, endaweni yobumnyama iyabonakala, kunye nezinye imibala, ezifana blue okanye itshokolethi.

Ngendlela, ukuba nemisimbithi kwenyanga eMyanmar wonqanyulwa, kwaye lisuswe lizwe akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Quotas for billet yakhe wathengisa kunqabile kakhulu, yaye emva koko kuphela mpimo lowutsongo. kalukhuni ngolo hlobo ngenxa yokuba ukuze nangokukrola ngabo imithi, ogama ubudala nemiqulu engama-400 ukuya kwiminyaka-1000 kuphela. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo nemisimbithi nenyanga ngenkangeleko akukho kwahluka kwabanye. umbala walo uya kuba kubonakala kuphela emva sawing.

Iimpawu okusula

olumnyama umthi ukhula kakuhle kancinane: unokuwisa kwekhulu leminyaka, ide ifike ubungakanani zorhwebo. Kungenxa yale iinkuni liba likhulu kangangokuba (ukuya ku 1300 kg / m³) kunye ngokulula imiqadi emanzini. iimpawu zayo mechanical ziphezulu kakhulu: umda ugoba amandla ezinye iintlobo Indian kunye Afrika ifikelela ukuya ku 190 MPA kunye lukhuni amaxesha 2 inqaba oki. Ukongeza, yaba sisithabathaba ocoliweyo ukumelana imithwalo eliphezulu igalelo.

Womise iplanga - hayi into elula. Ukuba lokwaphula ubuchwepheshe, oko yehliswe ngamandla umthamo. Ngoko ke, kumazwe apho abakule workpiece, njengoko kumaxesha amandulo, yenza eyodwa pre-slicing phantsi kwiminyaka emi-2 phambi kokungena. Oku kwaveza ngale ndlela: kwisangqa esisekweni izikhondo ziguyiwe maleko ethambileyo, ukuze ukunqanda ukukhula umthi.

Emva lokuvuna namarhela buti ugqityiwe, iibhodi agqitywa, esiphela iphathwa ngononophelo ngekalika okanye ezinye izinto, zipakishwe kule mfumba. Indawo yokugcina olunye kufuneka lukhuselwe ukusuka elangeni kwaye babe iidrafti. ngokugcina nje zonke iimeko ngentla, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuphepha ukomisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kweenkuni. Le nkqubo kaninzi kuthatha ubuncinane iinyanga ezintandathu. Kwimeko zokugxojwa ubuncinane omnye imithetho weBhodi lokoluka, kwaye zobani kunye neentanda ezininzi.

Iimpawu production

Ngoko nangoko kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba Ebony lula ukusebenza nzima, ukuze abo bathatha inxaxheba badla abantu. Lo msebenzi onzima kufuna kakhulu umgudu, kunye nokuveliswa imifanekiso yezinto ezincinane kunokuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu. Ukongeza, phambi kokuba baqalise umsebenzi ngeenkuni zika nemisimbithi, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo yokhuseleko. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngentla apha, eluthulini kunye pine kunokubangela negazi lakho, ngoko ke inkosi badla ngokunxiba iiglasi kunye nokubopha igozi.

Eneneni, iinkuni nemisimbithi, kunzima kakhulu ukuba itshone ngenxa mninzi yayo ephezulu, kunye inclusions kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo abakhona kuwo. Le propati ibe nempembelelo engentle kummandla we isixhobo yokusika imiphetho ukuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu buthuntu. Eyona amalahle lo workpiece mnye, imicu lwazo isakhiwo esimfaneleko. Ukongeza, ezinye iintlobo iinkuni ithe gqolo ukufumana NOKUCUKUCEZA, ingakumbi Indonesian Makassar. Noko ke, lathes iphathwa kakuhle. Xa imveliso ilungele, oko phantsi yaye ngaloo ndlela amnike kukhanya Mat omhle.

Le zisetyenziswe ekwenziweni zezixhobo zomculo

Abantu baqala ukusebenzisa nemisimbithi iimfuno zabo kumaxesha amandulo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba bekusoloko kwixabiso, ngoko ke isetyenziswe ikakhulu ngenxa ezivelisa izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zonqulo, imifanekiso, kwaye, kakade, ifenitshala eninzi. Ukongeza, kukholelwa ukuba nemisimbithi iinkuni nako Nokwethisa iityhefu, ngenxa yesi sizathu isoloko isetyenziswa ekuveliseni zodongwe.

Eben lisetyenziswa ekwenziweni zezixhobo zomculo ezinjengembande, oboe ne-. Kwakhona, olumnyama mkhulu isitshixo ipiyano kunye namalungu isiginkci, ingakumbi ekonookrwece kuxhwithwa ziintaka. Iimvumi Professional ukwazisa izixhobo ezinjalo. Ngoko ke, isiginci iqokobhe olukhazimlisiweyo, ezenziwe olumnyama, ayikhuphi esindayo engeyomfuneko izandi kwanokuba mbambano ngengozi 'ukuza off "kunye strings.

Ukusetyenziswa kushishino impahla ye

Kwinkulungwane XVII nemisimbithi kusetyenziselwa kuphela inlay kodwa veneering. Kodwa umdla omkhulu kuye waqala ukubonisa kwiminyaka engama-200 kuphela kamva, xa ndaqalisa ukuba imilo fashion, ngokusekelwe axelise kwezinye iinkcubeko, umzekelo, ongumRoma, isiGrike, umYiputa, Indian njalo njalo. D. A imfuno esithile izitulo curule kunye X-ezimile imilenze. ERoma yamandulo, aba lwendlovu okanye ubhedu, kwaye kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba - yaba sisithabathaba. Likhangeleka ukukhanya ezintle, kodwa eneneni kwaba uyilo zinamandla kwaye zithembeke.

Ngemihla yethu waba umnini abonwabileyo zefanitshala eyenziwe nemisimbithi, - i alophoze bobobunewunewu abanako ukuhlawula ezininzi. Ngenxa kwiipropati nemisimbithi yayo, iimveliso baziswa kulo lonke ihlabathi, uthathwa impahla eninzi kunene. Zitsha kunye imifanekiso, izinti amakhandlela kunye ayilwe wakrola yesandla seengcibi abanetalente, abe zinto zifunwayo ziza ezibaluleke ngokwenene yaye kunqabile ukuba bayihombise nayiphi ikhaya.