Iintlobo Wood: omsebenzi osemqoka, iintlobo, GOST, isicelo

uluhlu Modern zeemathiriyeli ezahlukeneyo iinkuni ukhetho olunzulu ngenxa oko badla kunzima ngokucacisa esemgangathweni. Nangona ebonisa ulwazi olungundoqo kunye nokubalulwa kwi amaxwebhu akhaphayo, musa ukulibala iingcebiso zeengcali inxaxheba ekuphunyezweni kweenkuni. Phambi ukuthenga kufuneka bawuqhele iziphene kunokwenzeka kunefuthe elingqalileyo iindleko neempawu umbandela, kwakunye nobuchule imveliso kunye neempawu zolwakhiwo ukuba babe ziinkuni. Amabanga, uhlobo kunye neemeko zokukhula yimiba ephambili yokukhetha izixhobo ezisemgangathweni kunye ngobuwena ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

iimpawu

Nezemithi, njengazo zonke ezinye izinto zokwakha, zihlelwa grade. Le parameter ixhomekeke kumgangatho yokujongwa iinkuni kunye neempawu zayo. Ukuze ubone uhlobo lwesixhobo olulodwa iyafuneka, kangangokuba uninzi iingcali ababandakanyekayo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko kuyimfuneko ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo inkangeleko iimpahla ezithengiweyo ukumisela umgangatho kunye nenjongo.

Wood: Grade 1

AmaBakala zibizwa ngamanani ukusuka kwelinye ukuya ezintlanu. Ngaphandle ke imithi, GOST ekhethiweyo ene-sikhokelo engqongqo kumgangatho mbandela. Lusetyenziswa imikhumbi kwaye hayi siphene encinane.

Notch phezu workpieces ukuze imizila ikhoyo iintanda ezincinane, amaqhina kunye nobanda. Ngelo xesha kufuneka kubekho amabala amnyama, ezidibene ezikhathazayo anokungenwa, ngundo nokuvunda. In Umzekelo quality mbini iibhodi zingasetyenziswa - kufuneka ibe owomileyo ekhululekileyo amasuntswana yesikhumba kwabafileyo, longitudinal ngokusebenzisa kwiindawo zokubeka kunye nomonakalo ebonakalayo. ukuba kubekho uluhlu engundoqo, kwaye tyekelo lulonke imicu kuba ngaphakathi-5%. Ezi mveliso luphawulwa kukungabikho iziphene kunye nenkangeleko entle. Zisetyenziswa ekugqibezeleni, umphandle, umsebenzi elingaphakathi, kunye nokwakhiwa izinto umthwalo yawo.

Wood: Grade 2

Le izinto, ngokungafaniyo yokuqala, inokuba inani elikhulu iziphene. Inokuba nisondeze sibange kunye ubude elingekho ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu mveliso yonke. Kulo mzekelo kuhlala enye parameters ububanzi labo kunye nobunzulu. Mhlawumbi kukho enye okanye ngaphezulu maphalo zilandelayo nabancinane eziliqela. Iindidi yokuqala neyesibini neenkuni babe umahluko ezincinane, nangona kunjalo ukhetho yokugqibela iye yazuza obanzi kunayo kwizicelo ngaphandle.

ZamaBakala 3, 4, 5

Okwesithathu ematendeni grade ngenxa decking, khazi, kwaye ithwala umthwalo encinane. Kunokuba babe khona phantse zonke iintlobo iziphene, kuquka izinto ezidibene wormholes, ukubola, ibala elimnyama nangesihumba. Mhlawumbi ubukho neentanda nzulu kunye ubude akukho ngaphezu yonke ubude nqaku.

grade wesine kusetyenziswa xa usika zibe billets ezincinane, izinto zokwakha phantsi komthwalo ubuncinane, kwakunye lokuvelisa zizinto ebekupakishwe. Okufunekayo eziphambili GOST ingqibelelo element, apho ukuze sibekho kunye nawuphi na umgangatho iziphene ngesakhiwo yonke.

Umgangatho liphantsi unalo kwibakala wesihlanu. Akujongwanga ukuba sheathing, ifanitshala kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ngokufuthi esetyenziselwa leHamas maziko kunye nezitovu.

Zonke iintlobo anexabiso ezahlukeneyo kwaye zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezithile. Ukwazi uhlobo iinkuni, aninako ukukhetha kuphela umbandela ekunene kunye neempawu ezinqwenelekayo, kodwa ukugcina mali, ekubeni kwezinye iimeko ukuba indawo omnye.

iinaliti

Wood tar yahlukile, ivumba elitsarhayo kunye nesakhiwo ecacileyo. Imisedare kakhulu ezithengwe ngokubanzi, umsipres nompleyini nomgalagala ndawonye, ezithi zisetyenziswe ekwenziweni kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nokwakhiwa kwezindlu kunye nezinye izakhiwo. Le ndawo phambili kuhlala pine, kunokuba ube ngombala owahlukileyo, engaquki kuxhomekeka kumgangatho konyango.

Phakathi iingenelo simele siqonde ndandifeketha na, amandla, ukumelana yemozulu kunye neenkqubo ezingalunganga ukubola ngenxa isiqulatho eliphezulu emahlamvini. Eyahluke isakhiwo evakalala eqinisekisa ukuba adhesion eliphezulu ipeyinti.

Nespruce na indawo yesibini midlalo. Yena uye uluhlu olude enjalo yeenzuzo, ezifana pine, kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ngenxa kwisakhiwo luthe isethi amaqhina. Ngenxa umxholo ubuncinane nentlaka, iimveliso nespruce babe avareji iqondo yokumelana arhente esesibhakabhakeni kunye ezibolayo.

Amabanga ezithathwa sapling kwakunye hardwood, imigangatho lwexabiso ezichaziweyo GOST 24454-80. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukongeza izihionipho lwamanani badla kwafunyanwa ziyaphawulwa ngokuzibhala ngoonobumba A ku E. Oku kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa uthenga izinto eziphathekayo, kungekhona ukuba andiphazami kunye ukhetho.

sihlahla

Products zivela imithi avuthulukayo kufuneka lonikezelo ephezulu kunye amancinane, ivumba phantse imperceptible, nto leyo iba oqaphelekayo kuphela ngexesha processing kunye ahlabayo. Sihlahla (ezifana oki, uthuthu, ezinde) buyafuneka ukwenzela imveliso ifanitshala kunye ukutyibilika. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo. Umzekelo, oki uneempawu amandla omkhulu ukuxhathisa ezibolayo. Ukuma okuqinileyo ivumela ukudala phezu iipatheni ezichuliweyo ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza izinto zokubopha nezinto egosogoso.

Aspen, basswood kunye alder zizinto amabanga ethambileyo beenkuni. Olu uhlobo kuxhaphakile ulwakhiwo kwaye iyafumaneka ngohlobo profiles, linings, iinkuni kunye imithi. iinkuni Soft unezinga esezantsi lexinene xa kuthelekiswa ne-analogu somthi kwaye kufuneka siphathwe iikhompawundi ezikhethekileyo yokhuselo ukuthintela ukubola.

iziphene

Iziphene ebizwa khondo of umonakalo ekungenwe ngexesha Ukuphathwa kunye nezithuthi. Ithambeka okuziinkozo kusoloko kubonakala emva yokwahlukana esqwini longitudinal. Kufutshane ugobile amaqhina amaxesha yangoku inokuba umnqamlezo-ukusika, ngenxa apho umgangatho izinto kuguga.

Umgangatho iinkuni kuchaphazela iliwa nje kuphela, kodwa iimeko ekhulayo (ubushushu, ukufuma). Le nkcazelo eziziintlobo ngeentlobo, zaba nemikrolo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunokuba umahluko ezincinane bobuso. Le parameter ilinganiswa ngomlinganiselo, isiqalo kuthathwa apho nobulukhuni oki.

iimveliso iyahlala ibonakalisa ukuxhathisa umonakalo kuyahlukana nedlela ubukho iziphene, ukufuma kunye izale. Ngamandla lwenzelwe kumda ntshikilelo, okubangela ngengqibelelo mbandela.

Indlela ukukhetha

Kucetyiswa ukuba ahlole umbandela ngokwabo phambi kokuba uthenge. ukuze Remote kunokwenzeka kuphela kubathengisi ezaziwayo. Phambi kokuba uye yokugcina, kuyimfuneko ukuba inqwelo-moya, apho ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukucoca iziza zingcoliswe ukungqinisisa umgangatho lamanqanaba kunye nemibala.

Okubaluleke kakhulu uhlolo ubukho Imicu maleko non-uniform, amaqhina kunye neentanda. Umgangatho kunye namathuba ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi legalelo iinkuni yokomisa. Ukuba eyenziwa engafanelekanga mhlawumbi genge, ukophulwa geometry isayizi.

Yintoni ukuba uziqaphele

Uninzi zabathengisi ayafumaneka iintlobo elithambileyo sapling - pine, msipres, nespruce kunye nabanye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le nto yaqaphela ngohlobo izakhi zobukhulu eqhelekileyo. Kule nokulungiswa ukuthathelwa iindawo omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, kuba emva planing nemilinganiselo malungu wanciphiswa iimillimitha ezimbalwa, kwaye eyona i parameters ziya kwahluka eziboniswe yi abathengisi.

Hlela sapling yaveliswa ubukho iziphene ezincinane (iintanda ezincinane, amaqhina), kwaye ngokufanayo le zikhabane. Le yokuhlela ngokufanelekileyo nokukhethwa kanti nezinye izinto nokuyifeza ngeninako. ongakhetha abasemgangathweni yimbonakalo okungenakubekwa ezifunekayo ukwenziwa ifanitshala kunye joinery. amandla High kuyimfuneko ukuyilwa kwezakhiwo ukuba afanelekile izinto njongo ezingachazwanga ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka phambi kwimarike lolwakhiwo, njengoko wenza ngokomyalelo.

Phambi kokuba uthenge kufuneka ufumane i-iziqinisekiso kumaxwebhu esi sixhobo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isiqinisekiso mandatory kufuneka zenzeke, asizizo zonke iindidi zomthi, kodwa abavelisi abaninzi zama ukwenza phandle ngendlela eyiyo zonke iimveliso ezithengiswa.