OCD - kokuhlaziya. Office for Ukunqanda Organised Crime

Phantse kulo naliphi na ilizwe ngawo onke amaxesha, elo yokuqala umthetho nocwangco. Ngapha koko, kuphela ngokusekelwe kula macandelo mabini kuphela umsebenzi nentsebenziswano anobuchule ezimisiweyo bonke ngaphandle kokukhetha, amagunya karhulumente. Ukongeza, ukubaluleka inkulu elithile zikarhulumente xa ubuso amalungu ayo ahlukeneyo, nezinika komthetho nocwangco. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi ndidi zimbini na umthombo umlawuli ezingundoqo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, eyile ilungelo. Enkosi kuye singathetha ngayo nayiphi na ummiselo ngayo kwiinkalo ezithile zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Ngapha koko, xa kungekho mthetho, enyanisweni akukho mfuneko ukuba balungelelanise odolo kweli lizwe, ekubeni isekelwe isekhona kungekhona nto.

Njengokuba Ngokubhekisele Russian Federation, eminyaka kweli lizwe abasemagunyeni ezizodwa, owanikela komthetho nocwangco, ukunika indima eyaneleyo wawunzulu. Le meko ayikho waphila yokusebenziseka yawo namhlanje. Modern imizimba ukuthotyelwa komthetho we-Russian Federation babe nombutho zokwakha evumela kubo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba azalisekise imisebenzi yawo kunye nemisebenzi. Kodwa le nkqubo imizimba kukho arhente nonjongo zawo iimpawu ezahlukeneyo yinqobo kuye. Kuba abanjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba bakuzibalela kwaNdlunkulu ukuze Ukulwa Crime Ulungelelwano, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kamva kweli nqaku.

Ingcamango ulwaphulo-mthetho

Uluntu zokunyanzeliswa komthetho ikhona kwilizwe elithile ngesizathu. Kwintsimi esemthethweni kukho into enjalo nje ulwaphulo-mthetho. It ekuhlaleni conditioning, ezingakhiyo, ukususela kwinqanaba ngokomthetho mthetho, simanga esizibonakalisa yothuba elithile ixesha kummandla othile kwimo ethile. Xa ulwaphulo-mthetho Enyanisweni yingqokelela onke amacala. NgokoMthetho iimpawu umthetho lolwaphulo yale meko imbi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa arhente ezikhethekileyo zonyanzeliso umthetho ukuphumeza imisebenzi kwegama elifanayo.

ukuthotyelwa komthetho nature

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa yi nokunyanzeliswa komthetho. Enkabeni yalo, ukuba ungumlinganiswa onjani na impendulo loluntu izenzo ezingekho mthethweni ngakwicala kwizifundo ezithile. Kwenziwe imisebenzi zokunyanzelisa umthetho olugunyazisiweyo imizimba kunye nabasebenzi babo. Ukongeza, kunikwa uhlobo esemthethweni kule meko, singatsho ukuba iqalisa-sikhokelo namasebe asemthethweni aliqela, oko kukuthi lwembambano nolwaphulomthetho. Endle umthetho Kunzima kumzabalazo ochasene izenzo kakhulu eziyingozi mthethweni, ezo zibizwa ngokuba zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Iimpawu zokunyanzelisa umthetho

Isenzeko ngasentla luphawulwa Ndandingasakunandiphi kuphela ifitsha ukhuseleko, kodwa ibe inani nezinye iimpawu. Umzekelo, ngokomthetho zangoku Russian Federation, abasemagunyeni nobuchule kwi-sikhokelo zokunyanzelisa umthetho banelungelo imingcele inkululeko yabemi. Ukongeza, kukho kwakhona iqela ezinye iimpawu, ezizezi:

- Onke amanyathelo yemfundiso ngaphakathi ukunyanzeliswa komthetho esemthethweni ngokungqongqo. Oko kukuthi, zonke iindlela unyanzeliso ngokuyimfuneko olumisiweyo yavakaliswa nemigaqo ekhoyo.

- Ukuphunyezwa kwe lo msebenzi wenzeka kwiimeko ezizodwa yaye kufuneka uye ngaphaya mthetho. Nguwo lo mgaqo le semthethweni umsebenzi zonke ii-arhente zikarhulumente.

- zezomthetho Umthetho ikhutshwa phandle kuphela ngamaqumrhu agunyazisiweyo.

Kuqwalaselwa iimpawu thaca, singathetha malunga nkcukacha ye ukunyanzeliswa komthetho umba Russian Federation.

I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Russian Federation, i-arhente engundoqo ukuthotyelwa komthetho i Ministry of Wangaphakathi Russia. Le umzimba unembali noko izityebi elide ukwakheka. Ezinye iiyunithi kunye neenkonzo Interior Sobulungiseleli babe AMAGQABAZA ▸ babo ngemihla yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Kwi-Russian Federation mihla, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Internal Affairs liqumrhu federal kwamandla elawulayo endalo, nto leyo eqinisekisa komthetho nocwangco, ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho, kwakunye iphuhlisa nemigaqo isigaba imicimbi zangaphakathi karhulumente. Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs ibonelela emkhosini, ukunyanzeliswa kuthuthwa kunye nomthetho wenkonzo karhulumente federal.

isakhiwo se-Ofisi yoMphathiswa

Ubume bale Ministry of Internal Affairs Russia iquka "unit" ezintathu ezisisiseko, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ukuba nohlulwe amasebe ezincinane. Okunye ncam, le nkqubo ibandakanya ezi zinto zilandelayo, ezizezi:

1. Ngqo lwangaphakathi imizimba imicimbi, ezibandakanya amapolisa Russian Federation.
2. Amajoni ngaphakathi.
3. kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa kunye namaqumrhu ziye wadalwa ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi entsimini yakhe.

Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo se-Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs ludibaniso kunokuba ethile imizimba ezahlukeneyo kunye nee-arhente. Kodwa kweli nqaku, umbhali ufuna ukutyhila iimpawu omnye iiyunithi ezithile wamapolisa Russian. Kule meko sithetha kwisebe njengoko OCD. ixesha elide ngokwenene iyunithi edume yenziwa nemcimbi ejoliswe ekulweni nobundlobongela obulungelelanisiweyo. Kulo mzekelo, inzala ayikho kuphela OCD, kwakunye iimpawu ekulweni iintlobo imelwe ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ngenxa yokuba izenzo ubala ezinjalo kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukuchonga zazise bokubi ubulungisa. Malunga iimpawu umzabalazo kwinkalo zokunyanzeliswa komthetho aya nazo kuchazwe banzi kamva kweli nqaku.

OCD: yombhalo

OCD okanye RUBOP njenge iCandelo kanye kuthiwa, wenza inani lemisebenzi ngendlela ethile. Okunye ncam, ukubhengezwa kwiziseko ezinjengezo Sizibandakanye-mthetho olunxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho oluqulunqiweyo okanye ngqo wenziwe yimibutho mthetho. Xa umongo wayo, OCD waba iyunithi yokusebenza, oko kukuthi, kwafuneka igunya lokwenza umsebenzi yokusebenza-uphendlo. Formation yahlulwa-hlulwe wangamacandelo amancinane, ayayilwa ngokungqinelana neemfuno ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho Okukodwa ethile. Umzekelo woku Division we-5, leyo iphuhlisa amasela kunye nabasemagunyeni behlabathi mthetho. Ngoko ke, ulawulo lommandla ukulwa ngokuchasene nobundlobongela obulugelelanisiweyo licandelo injongo ekhethekileyo kwisakhiwo i-Russian Federation Ministry of Internal Affairs, esenza ekulweni nobundlobongela obulungelelanisiweyo.

ulwaphulo-mthetho Imibutho kwaye iimpendulo kulo

Umlo ngokuchasene nobundlobongela obulugelelanisiweyo, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili kweli nqaku, kanye eyenziwa kwindawo lwahlulo njenge RUBOP. Kodwa kaninzi a va yi twisisi umbuzo malunga noko, jikelele, ulwaphulo-mthetho zihlelwe. Olu luhlobo oluthile lolwaphulo-mthetho, nto leyo kuvela ngenxa yemisebenzi lemigewu, yolwaphulo imibutho, amaqela zolwaphulo kunye namanye amaqela efanayo ngesimilo mthethweni. Njengomthetho jikelele, lo msebenzi isekelwe phezu uqhagamshelwano olusondeleyo-mthetho kunye norhulumente, ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo urhwaphilizo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwinzululwazi criminological, idla bachatshazelwa yi iingxaki isenzeko ngayo kulwaphulo-mthetho olucetyiweyo. Ngenxa yokuba umbutho lifanelekileyo ukuba ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwalo into embi, ufuna ekuphuhliseni ulwazi lwengqiqo theoretical component. Noko ke, amanye amanyathelo yokulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho namhlanje siqulunqwe, umzekelo:

- kufuneka ukuba uhlawule ingqalelo kulwabiwo ingeniso kunye nempahla evela kwimithombo engaziwa abantu abathile abaye amakhonkco kunye namaqela olwaphulo-mthetho;

- ukuqinisekisa ulawulo phezu abantu abaninzi esebenzayo abo ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko;

- ukuqinisekisa ulawulo phezu kwabantu abaninzi esebenzayo, abo bamanywe indawo kuluntu awayedimazekile;

- kudaleke ulwazi kuluntu neziphumo ezibi ebe sisiphumo ukususela ekudalweni emigulukudu kunye mthetho ngokubanzi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amanye amanyathelo yokulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho kwimisebenzi OCD zaye efihliweyo, ngokuba aba ekuphunyezweni yezenzo uphendlo ezithile zokusebenza.

History of the UBOP

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba OCD, okotshiweyo yayo thaca kweli nqaku, kukho ityala akusoloko. Eli candelo wabonakala emva eSoviet Union. Kakade ke, imfuneko yobukho yalo kumaxesha Soviet, kodwa imisebenzi UBOP ziqhutywa yi izinto ezahlukeneyo noshowo Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Ngoko ke, emva kokuba eSoviet Union yaphela, Jikelele iCandelo loMlawuli Ministry of Internal Affairs iba Directorate Main for Ukulwa Crime Ulungelelwano. Kwakhona yinxalenye Ministry of Interior, kodwa Russian Federation.

Ngowe-1993 yena wenza ngokuhlanganisa-ofisi ezahlukeneyo zemimandla. Ngeli xesha sele likhona iiyunithi ezifana OCD isebe, eyinxenye ye sebe yamapolisa. Noko ke, baphuma amasebe of Internal Affairs kunyaka ongumsunguli 1996. RUBOP ingqalelo kuba lixesha igama elifanayo kunye ngaphantsi kaYonatan ilawulwa kuphela ulawulo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho iiyunithi ezifana OCD kwiqela kwamanye amazwe ico. Ukraine kule ndlela akukho ngaphandle. Unit yokulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho nemibutho kule meko efana kakhulu Russian, ukuba athathele ingqalelo awohluke yommiselo ngokusemthethweni.

I ngakumbi okumiselwe hlulo

OCD, amalungu walwa ngenkuthalo ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqulunqiweyo ubekhona kwimo yalo yantlandlolo de 2001. Emva koku, iintloko Ministry Interior isonjululwe kwi ngokuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa. Ukususela kulo nyaka RUBOP lemithombo azikho kwaukubakho. Ngokusekelwe kuwo kwadalwa bureau yokusebenza-uphendlo, nto leyo yaba yinxalenye ngqo amapolisa lolwaphulo-i-Russian Federation. Kule fomu inkonzo waze-2008, yaye emva koko esekelwe kuyo ukwenza isebe yokulwa lukhuni.

Umda lwemisebenzi RUBOP

ISebe kumzabalazo wokulwa nobugebenga obucwangcisiweyo ukwenza umsebenzi othile, nto leyo lwalujoliswe ulwaphulo ukulwa, imibutho indalo, njengoko kuchaziwe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba RUBOP - nto kuphela iyunithi yokusebenza. Oko kukuthi, xa isakhiwo yayo na iinkonzo imibuzo okanye uphando. Ngenxa yoko, RUBOP akwazi ukuqalisa inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngokumalunga imisebenzi le yunithi, ngoko lo mba ebonakala gca phezu amasebe ezithile. In RUBOP Isakhiwo wabakho macandelo alandelayo:

- In isebe wesithathu benza ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho ezinxulumene ukubiwa nokukhululwa nabafo.

- Division Okwesine - iyunithi esekwe ukuba silwe banditry.

- Kwicandelo yesihlanu uphuhliso zabaqeshi mafia kunye nezinye nabaqashi zehlabathi-mthetho, nto leyo ethe sele ikhankanyiwe ngaphambili kweli nqaku.

- Amasebe yesithandathu wesixhenxe ababandakanyeka kurhwaphilizo kunye nolwaphulo kwezoqoqosho, mthetho olwenziwa yimibutho mthetho.

- iSebe wesibhozo inxaxheba ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho zohlobo yobuhlanga.

- In the operatives isebe yesithoba neyeshumi ukulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho bezizwe ngezizwe kunye ezingekho mthethweni iingalo ukurhweba sikarhulumente.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iiyunithi RUBOP inkqubo babenalo namandla ukuxhasa isebe, ebizwa impukane. Ngenxa ububanzi lwemisebenzi ebonelelwe yi ngamasebe ahlukeneyo eli sebe wathi, sinokugqiba ukuba umsebenzi weli sebe okunene igalelo elibalulekileyo ebalulekileyo ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho nemibutho kwi Russian Federation.

Ukulwa ebaxiweyo

RUBOP, ukucazulula apho enikwe kweli nqaku okwangoku ayikho. Endaweni yeli candelo edume elisekwe kwaNdlunkulu ukuze Ukunqanda lukhuni. It is a entity ozimeleyo ngokupheleleyo, ngokuxhomekeke kuphela kwi-ofisi eyongameleyo Ministry Interior. Oku baphathiswa umsebenzi yokuqinisekisa kunye nasekuphumezeni umgaqo-nkqubo kwicandelo likarhulumente ukukhusela ngokuchasene ukunwenwa kwintsimi yalo msebenzi ziyingozi. Ukongeza, ulawulo iphinde ibe ezinye iimpawu, umdla ngokulinganayo, ezizezi:

- umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkqubo-sikhokelo yolawulo esekwe yi ulwalathiso umsebenzi;

- ukuphucula ulawulo kwi ukhuseleko unxulumano noluntu ukusuka nefuthe elibi lezinto ezenziwa lukhuni;

- umbutho ka counteraction emsebenzini eziyingozi;

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, ndiye ndazama ukunixelela lwahlulo njenge RUBOP. Ziqonde imbali kunye nomda nkonzo iye thaca kweli nqaku. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ebudeni bobukho bayo, abasebenzi RUBOP atshutshiswe inani elikhulu-mthetho, kodwa wenza igalelo elincomekayo ekulweni nobundlobongela obulungelelanisiweyo.