Nomhloli Polar Peter Freih: engobomi, ubomi lobuqu, ezeza anika umdla

Peter Lorenz Edfred Freih (02.02.1886-02.09.1957) - nomhloli Danish Arctic, umbhali weencwadi ezininzi, semvelaphi nentatheli. engobomi bakhe ethi, ubomi bakhe kunye zehambo ziya kunikezelwa kwinqaku lethu. Abaninzi kubomi uPetros Freih ezinxulumene eSoviet Union. Wayetyelele eRussia kwaye bathatha inxaxheba zobuntlola kuphuhliso Arctic. Kusebenzisana naye kunye abahloli Soviet ezibandayo. Kwaye bazi ntoni ngobomi bakhe? Bathi ke wayehlala eGreenland, yaye wathabatha umfazi Eskimo? Kule photos Arctic Explorer ikhangeleka ngathi elikhulu ngokwenene. Ingakumbi ebumelwaneni kunye nomfazi wakhe wazifela. Yintoni na - iziphene iifoto Retro okanye ngokwenene Freih ukubandezeleka gigantism? Ziziphi iincwadi aye ebhalwe? Ngaba befunda umntu abangenamava isigama benzululwazi? Konke oku kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kweli nqaku.

Biography, isiqalo umhambi umsebenzi

Peter Freyhen wazalelwa kwidolophu Nykøbing, Denmark, ngoFebruwari 2, 1886. abazali bakhe Benzon Lorenz kunye Anna Petrina Frederikka (Nee Rasmussen). Boy ukususela ebuntwaneni ebethanda elwandle. Mhlawumbi abachaphazelekayo zofuzo Viking. Kodwa lo mfana izidanga kwi-University, "philology". Oku kwamnceda kamva abe indumasi ngumbhali kunye intatheli. Ngowe-1906, Wacela kwi amalungu umkhankaso kunye, ngaloo ndlela, ku-1908 wafunda Greenland. Kodwa xa ebuya ekhaya yaye akazange ayeke baphupha i Far North. Ngowe-1910, yena kunye nomhlobo wakhe esifubeni, omnye umkhenkethi polar Knud Rasmussen waseka isikhululo-kaPytheas trading. Wayephila phakathi Eskimos ukususela 1913 ukuya 1919. Kamva waba lilungu olunye uhambo, nto leyo imaphu eneenkcukacha eGreenland (1921-1924 gg.).

usapho

Kwi ubomi lobuqu wamazwe polar kwaziwa ukuba watshata izihlandlo ezithathu. Ixesha lokuqala ngenene wayetshate Navarana Mekupaluk Eskimo igama. Yazala umyeni wakhe unyana Mekusaka Avataka Igimakssusuktoranguapaluka kunye nentombi Pipaluk Jette Tukuminguak Kasaluk Palika Hager. Lo umtshato ubukho kangangeminyaka elishumi (ukususela 1911 ukuya 1921), lo gama Navarana wabulawa "umkhuhlane Spanish" - indyikityha eyoyikekayo komkhuhlane, leyo kwatsala umonakalo yabantu enkulu Western iYurophu kunye nomNtla Melika. Ixesha yesibini kaPetros Freih watshata ngowe-1924 waseMagadala isosha Lauridsen. Kodwa esi sibini sagqiba ekubeni umtshato ngo-1944. Ekugqibeleni, ngowe-1945, umhloli polar ezinxulumene Isiphelo sakhe kunye Dagmar Kohno (1907-1991). Abazukulwana Freih, inuite (Eskimos) UPetros, siyazi ukuba wonyulwa usodolophu Nuantsinaka e Canada ukususela 1979 ukuya 1984.

Ubomi e Greenland. Kwisiseko sesikhululo Tula

Xa watyelela eGreenland, Freih akwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwalo siqithi sikhulu ehlabathini. Wabuyela khona ngo-1910 kwaye umphelo enxulumene Isiphelo sakhe kunye nabantu bomthonyama, i Inuit. Kunye nenye nomhloli polar, Knud Rasmussen, Freih waseka Tula. igama layo, lo sityalo yamkeliswe Ultima iThule - umba yeposi enkulu. Tula yaba kuso uhambo ezininzi. Yena rhoqo waphila ukususela 1913 ukuya kowe-1919, uPetros kunye nomfazi wakhe Freih, Navarana. abahloli Polar wenza okuthile ngqindilili elizweni, kabini awela Greenland yile ebusika. Lilonke ukususela 1912 ukuya 1933 kwaye loo zobuntlola ezisixhenxe wenziwe.

Yintoni uPetros Freih: nobude ubunzima

Ngowe-1958, Denmark wapapasha incwadi iinkumbulo ngale mhloli emangalisayo ezibandayo. Umbhali walo yintombi evela Pipaluk yakhe yokuqala umtshato, Uvdluriak Inuterssuak umninawa Navarany, Niels Bohr, iNobel Peace Prize, kunye nabanye. "The Book of Freyhene" zizele Ngamazwi anothando bamazwe nesibindi polar, ngubani enxulumene isiphelo sabo bonke Inuit, nkqu atshata nabo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, oku waphakamisa lo mbuzo sokwanda le ndoda ikhethekileyo. Ngapha koko, lo ifoto yakudala, leyo ibonisa nomhloli polar Peter Freih kunye nomfazi wakhe, yena ikhangeleka elikhulu ngokwenene. Kodwa oku kuphunyezwa ngenxa miniaturization umfazi wakhe Dagmar (nee Gale).

Nangona Freih, njengoko bathi ngayo, abazana naye, waye ende, umntu ngamandla kwakhiwa. Nkqu Aqui Heyerdahl, akakho omfutshane ngesithomo, nakala wachukunyiswa nembonakalo yakhe. Kodwa lo mphumi zange wasebenzisa amandla akhe ngenxa yobubi. Wayesaziwa njengomntu dobrogoi kakhulu enovelwano, kusoloko uzayo uncedo kweentsizana. Abaninzi zibhekisela kulo njenge amalungelo nomkhuseli oluntu. Ngapha koko, walwa ubomi obungcono ukuba abantu bomthonyama eFar North. Ukususela amaphepha "Book of Freyhene" sijongene umfanekiso umphengululi, umbhali zinetalente iimfundiso.

Studies kwamanye amazwe

Greenland yaba lilizwe elinezinto amaphupha akhe. Kodwa uhlobo kakubi kwezinye iindawo le Far North , yakunqwala kuye ndingenzi amandla amancinane. Wathabatha ithuba, yaye xa amaMelika bagqiba ukwenza documentary malunga ubuhle bendalo Alaska, sasinga olu hambo film. Peter Freih watyelela i Hudson. Kamva, waya kwimimandla kakhulu osemantla Sweden (ILapland) kunye eNorway. Ngowe-1935, Arctic Explorer igqibe ukutshintsha ixesha ngumkhenkce polar phezu imozulu amathafa ngenxa yale njongo waya eMzantsi Afrika. Wayehamba Kwakhona lonke kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika. Kodwa uninzi zonke ebethanda lwalunjani uhlobo ngqwabalala emantla. Ngowe-1928 no-1937 wathabatha inxaxheba kuloo matutu ezimbini eSoviet, leyo zazaliswa Siberian Arctic. Kwafuneka ubuhlobo obuluqilima Academician Shmidtom O. Yu. Ukwazi nto malunga imvelaphi ulawulo kaStalin kunye Gulag, i-Danish polar iimbono ngqo le owayenomdla kwi eSoviet Union.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Ngeli xesha eyoyikekayo, xa iYurophu kutshayelwa udushe, uPetros Freih, ebude ezintandathu iinyawo intshi ezisixhenxe, akakwazanga ukuhlala kude siganeko. Wabuyela ekhaya eDenmark, yaye waba lilungu elikhutheleyo lomzabalazo. Kodwa ke ngelo xesha yena ufelwe umlenze (ngenxa frostbite ngo-1926). Freih ngokuphandle wathi ukuba - ungumYuda, kungakhathaliseki apho akunjalo, yayilingana nje ukuva ezinye uhlobo maxim anti-isiJuda. Ekugqibeleni ke yathinjwa ngamaNazi waza wagwetyelwa ukufa. Kodwa wamazwe sobukhalipha polar wakwazi ukubaleka ekuthinjweni. Ekuqaleni Yayizimele eSweden waza wafudukela eUnited States. Emva kokuba Second World War Freih ubuyela eGreenland intanda yakhe, ukuba Inuit ulwimi, amasiko nezithethe abaziyo. Wanderlust akazange wamshiya de ekufeni kwakhe. Ewe, wafa ingumhambi odumileyo ngoSeptemba 1957 ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo moya Elmendorf, Alaska, xa wayeza ukubhabha eGreenland. Wayeneminyaka iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe ananye. isidumbu sakhe bangcwatyelwa emhlabeni dear kuye - kufutshane nesikhululo iThule e Greenland. Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe nomfazi wakhe Dagmar babehlala eNew York okanye endlwini yakho yesibini Noanke (CT).

Biography kanye umbhali wencwadi

Freih uPetros eyaziwa hayi kuphela uphando yayo ezibandayo. Wabhala iincwadi. Kwaye akukho nje imisebenzi zenzululwazi, izincoko, iinoveli documentaries, kodwa isebenza yamabali - amabali amafutshane, imidlalo kunye iinoveli. Ngelishwa, in Russian zapapashwa ezintathu kuphela imisebenzi yakhe. Le inoveli "ndingumqaba Greenland" yaye "umgangi enkulu." Enye ibali iziqalelo ze ngobomi - "St John kaThixo Wort Melville Bay." Ukuguqula amaphepha ale ncwadi, sibona umfanekiselo umdla, umntu onobubele, bayinqule ngamnye iimpawu zakhe yokuziphatha ngokwasemzimbeni. Abahlobo basondela kuye, yaye ezihlonipha abanye, kungakhathaliseki ibala lolusu. Oku polar bazama ukunceda nabani na usengxakini. "Wort John St. Bay Melville" - ingoma abantu Inuit abahlala kwiimeko ezinzima kunye eziyingozi kwi-siqithi, sibanjwe phantse yonke phantsi yi ice iqokobhe. Le ncwadi iye yaba ezibalisayo noomatiloshe yaseYurophu kunye sperm. Kutyelelo lwesibini kaPetros Freih zinokuqondwa ethi "YaseSiberia Adventure" eSoviet Union. Kwiintsuku nje ezintathu ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, nto leyo eyenzeka ngoSeptemba 2, 1957, umbhali sele bewugqibile umsebenzi kwi-ngqangi le "Book of the Oceans Seven".

neminye imisebenzi

nomhloli Polar Peter Freih iminyaka emininzi yaba lilungu ezininzi geographical kumazwe ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Bonke kakhulu ngegalelo lakhe engenakuphikwa ukuba ukufunda Arctic. Phakathi kwiiklabhu ezinkulu nabadumileyo usenokuchaza International Society for kubo. Mark Twain, ilungu Wawongwa leyo Freih. Yena wayehamba emhlabeni wonke kunye nomjikelo lweentetho malunga nenkcubeko Inuit. Kwimfaneleko iye yahlolwa kwaye nomsebenzi wakhe ngumbhali kunye intatheli. Yena esihambelanayo ilungu le-Arctic Institute of Denmark. Kwiminyaka embalwa Peter Freih yabamba isithuba aphezulu usihlalo Union of kubabhali ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kufuneka ke ukuba umphandi kokubonakala kwakhe kakuhle indima weqonga. Lidla yena wazifumana kukwisakhelo bhanya malunga nohlobo ngqwabalala le North. Ekuqaleni, yena wahamba kuphela umboniso hambo njengoko ngumbhexeshi onamava. Kodwa kamva waba ngokwakhe ithi lwecamera esisigxina. Kwakhona obekade iifilimu eziliqela Hollywood.

bamxolele

Lo mhloli odumileyo Arctic Peter Freih ufumene iimbasa ezininzi ngomsebenzi wakhe. Waphumelela iimviwo iimbasa zegolide lomzi zoMbutho Geographical of Philadelphia kunye ogama Hans Egede. Kwakhona lawongwa ngebhaso liphezulu lakwaBhenjamin Franklin.