Njengesilonda: iimpawu, izinto, unyango

Kwi isixokelelwano sokuphefumla yezempilo ifuna ukhathalelo esemncinane. Umzimba womntu rhoqo zihlasela iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane. Ingakumbi umngcipheko ukunyuka sifo xa imozulu kubanda yaye kubanda, batshintsha, imihla yabo ifudumele kuyatshisa.

ungcoliseko lomoya, ukutshaya, mandundu imeko ze uvumele usulelo ukungena nzulu kakhulu kwi ngamajelo sokuphefumla. Sifo sichaphazela indlela eliphezulu zemiphunga. ubuthathaka babo, idityaniswe lulungiselele amajoni omzimba ukuba amelane nokuhlaselwa iintsholongwane kukhokelela kuphuhliso ezimbi kakhulu kwi amaqela asezantsi. Omnye wabo njengesilonda emiphungeni.

Yintoni isifo? Ziintoni iimpawu uphawu esi sifo? Indlela ukujongana nayo yaye nokuba uyakwazi ukubetha le ngezifo kubi? izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Iimpawu izifo

Yintoni na ke njengesilonda emiphungeni? Le ngezifo, apho ekuweni kwezihlunu kwemiphunga - necrosis. Loo inkqubo inophawu elinukayo. Ubovu fusion yemeko ayiphelelanga isahlulo enye. Le nkqubo yezifo uyakwazi ukusasaza ngokukhawuleza, eziquka iindawo ezintsha. Isigulo zingachaphazela isithinzi eziliqela, maxa wambi nangabo kulo lonke kwemiphunga.

tissue abachaphazelekileyo esibonakala brown. Ngaphakathi eyendayo ubovu enukayo. Necrosis akanayo imilo engqongqo, yaye njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, has ukuthambekela banzi.

Pathology wohlulwe iintlobo-2:

1. Distribution: kwasendaweni isifo lobar waphawula.
2. Izithintelo: Indawo segmental wafunyanwa. Amaxesha amaninzi le nkqubo ichazwa njengendlela ithumba, enxibe umlinganiswa ezililize.

Esi sifo sibangelwa amagciwane izifo. Ithumba ukubola, eyinxalenye amanyathelo inkqubo efanayo. Noko ke, awafani zangaphambili kuphela inkqubo isifo ubovu zomzimba. noogqirha Thoracic kunye pulmonologists zithetha ezi ezimbi iifom zinzima kwaye iyingozi yentshabalalo.

Amaninzi, esi sifo olufunyanwa ngamadoda phakathi-kweminyaka.

Njengesilonda kwemiphunga - sisifo kuyingozi kakhulu. Oku kukhokelela kubunzima ebulalayo:

• ubovu ukutshatyalaliswa pleura;
• yokopha pulmonary;
• suppuration esifubeni udonga;
• nokudumba;
• zomzimba multiple.

Malunga ne-60% ezigulane ejongene nemiphumo ziyafa.

Ezibangela isifo

Kutheni kukho ukubola? Ubangelwa sifo efihliweyo kwi into enye single - usulelo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi kwithishyu. Rhoqo Cya bandiqumbisayo zesifo iintsholongwane anaerobic.

Isifo isenokuba ngezifo ezimeleyo okanye ngenxa ukunxila. Ngoko ke, kukho inani iindlela nezifo ezibuhlungu ezifana esibhidlayo.

I-umyalezo we esi sifo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ukubangela lingenwe amagciwane kungena imiphunga kunye nesifo seentsini bangaba bronchi, izinyo nasopharynx. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo microflora yayintsholongwane eyosulela ekwaziyo ukusasaza phantsi ngokuma.
2. Maxa wambi kukho ukungena kwinkqubo nokuphefumla ye isixa mkhondo yencindi esuka empumlweni nasemqaleni okanye isisu imixholo xa reflux, dysphagia, ngexesha ukugabha. Isenzeko kungasentla kuxhokonxwa ukonzakala entloko okanye ukunxila. Eyangena bronchi imixholo nesisu silwe ibangela inkqubo necrotic zomzimba.
3. Le ngezifo enokubangelwa umoya ngokwaneleyo. Loo isimo kwenzeka xa acudisiweyo umzimba langaphandle okanye ithumba bronchus. Kule sayithi kukho iintsholongwane, kwaye uqalisa ukwakha amathumba ukubola.
4. Unobangela izifo unokuba izifo ubovu ngayo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla. Ezi zifo zilandelayo: bronchiectasis, inyumoniya, lung ithumba.
5. Imali Inkqubo traumatic zophuhliso ukubola. Ukufumana i zokugula esifubeni oko kunokubangelwa angena amanxeba.
6. amagciwane izifo bakwazi ukusasaza emiphungeni yi imithambo system kunye negazi emithanjeni. Oku kunokubonwa osteomyelitis, nokudumba, uqilikwane, umkhuhlane kunye nezinye izinto ezimbi ezininzi.

Indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso sifo idlala buthathaka kwamajoni omzimba. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba angabi nako ukujongana Cya, kwaye ngoko ngeke ukuthintela ukwenzeka of ukubola.

Le miba ilandelayo umngcipheko ume ngaphandle:

• ukutshaya;
• utshwala;
• ukuziyeka;
• usulelo lwe-HIV;
• ebudaleni;
• sebenzisa of glucocorticoids;
• seswekile.

symptomatology kwesifo

Ngokufanelekileyo Uphuhliso rapid esibonakala ukubola. Zimpawu kakhulu. Isifo sanda ngokukhawuleza kwaye imeko yesigulane nzulu kuguga. Makhe sihlolisise oko yayingako imiqondiso lwezonyango ukubona ukubola.

Iimpawu ziimpawu zesifo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. kabi esibuhlungu kwentamo. Yena bazimisela kakhulu xa ukhohlela.
2. Ingxaki isigulane: umkhuhlane omkhulu, kuthibaza, ukunxila ngokukhawuleza.
3. Kukho ukuswela ukutya, ukwehla kobunzima, kude ukudla, tachycardia, bamba umphefumlo.
4. ekhohlela Olunzulu wahamba isikhohlela angqindilli kunye ubomvu. Yokwaba ivumba ezahlukeneyo enukayo. Bathi babonise ithinti emdaka uze unike umaleko amagwebu. Xa lung isikhohlela njengesilonda kunokwenzeka amasuntswana nyama, igazi.
5. Isigulane uqala ukuba yayiminxa.
6. Kukho ukubila lweenkcukacha.
7. Ukungabikho oxygen kukhokelela hypoxia, esizibonakalisa a iminwe oluhlaza, isikhumba integument imilebe.
8. Isigulane uyakhathala ngokukhawuleza.
9. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho nesiyezi.
10. Isigulane unikwa umoya esibuhlungu. Zolani ukuphefumla ubuhlungu ibangela.

Ikhosi ye sifo

Cinga indlela yokuphuhlisa ukubola. Le Pathogenesis kwesifo ifana kakhulu nokungena ithumba semiphunga. njengesilonda ngokwezonyango Uyakwazi ukwahlula le malodor uphawu wayevuma eliphezulu kwinkqubo hronifitsirovaniyu.

Izifo ubonisa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Ekuqaleni, isigulana enefiva. Sikali bubhalwe ukusebenza. Noko ke, abayinqobo kwabo izigulane abangenazo intswelo omzimba. Umntu sibi. Yena uziva ephawulwe ubuthathaka, isicaphucaphu, silale. Amaxesha amaninzi kuziwa egabha. Intlungu kwentamo ibonakala. Ukuzama ukuba uphefumle kubangela ubuhlungu nzulu kakhulu. Ukuba ucinezela phakathi iimbambo, iintlungu kubonakala phezu kommandla ochaphazelekayo, ebantwini.
2. Ukhohlokhohlo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwangoko. Ekuqaleni njani na kowomileyo. Ke iba manzi. Uqala ukuba sikhohlele isikhohlela, nto leyo eye ivumba elibi kakhulu. Ukuba ufumene kangangexesha elithile baseleyo etankini, iza kwahlulwa ibe ngomaleko 3. In the ephezulu - amagwebu ngebhitumene Kuya kubonwa. Umaleko eliphakathi iqulethe ulwelo ecacileyo. Ezike iya kunyothulwa ngaphandle ubomvu.
3. Symptomatology luqhuba ngokukhawuleza. Isigulane lukhula dyspnea, kubonakala tachycardia, ubuthathaka ngokukhawuleza. abalazi yesigulana eso wayewaxinile. Kwezinye iimeko, angabikho zingqondweni kuphuhliswa. Iqondo lobushushu unako lincitshiswe. Maxa wambi sibe ngaphantsi kwama-38 C. Le meko kakhulu kakhulu, kuba igazi ingqalelo inani elikhulu kwiziqulatho bosulelekile.
4. Ukuba isigulane ayitshanga eli xesha, idala amathumba omnye okanye ngaphezulu. ukuqanda ezinjalo eziqulathe ubomvu, anento ndandiqhekeza bronchus. Le meko ngokwenza umqondiso kwixesha elilandelayo lophuhliso kwesi sifo.
5. Izigulane kufuneka khohlo na mbi, apho isixa esikhulu phlegm. Ukuba amathumba amanzi ngokusebenzisa bronchi elikhulu, isigulane ngoko nangoko babelwa eninzi ubomvu, kwezinye iimeko igazi. Imeko luyaphucuka ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ke inkoliso yokulahla ayikho indlela ngqo, kodwa ke ngenxa bronchi encinane. Oku ukulibaziseka kakhulu ukukhutshwa ubomvu ithumba, ngoko imeko yomguli iyaqhubeka ukuba kakhulu. Isikhohlela ne njengesilonda lung ayiphetheyo ivumba ngokwaneleyo elibi. Maxa wambi iqulethe ngamaqhekeza amancinci esiqwini kwemiphunga - sequesters.

lokufunyaniswa kwesifo

A indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ngezifo idlala nokuxilongwa kwemizimba yabo. Isigulana ningatyhafi inkqubo nokuphefumla inxalenye uchaphazelekayo womGaqo-esifubeni, yayinqamlela isandi yesandi. Ngexesha auscultation ukubona ingxolo yokuphefumla, ukutswina owomileyo buthathaka.

Ukongeza, lokufunyaniswa njengesilonda wemiphunga iquka iindlela negalelo and laboratory:

1. test Blood. Kubonisa ukwanda kwenani leukocytes, erythrocytes kwinqanaba kuyehla, ukwandisa ESR. A ukuncipha zizonke protein egazini.
2. -X-reyi kwentamo. Ekuboleni necrosis esiqwini wemiphunga ziboniswa kwi ukufiphala mfanekiso. afunyanwa rhoqo nge wokuqhekeka kobudlelwane ngomlomo elintlangothi ezitsolo okanye scalloped. Ukufiphala ivame ukuya ukusasazwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kangangeentsuku eziliqela zingachaphazela lobe ngecala, maxa wambi yonke lung. -X ray ezibonisa isenzeko exudate kwi kwisisu pleural.
3. Itomography ngekhompyutha. Le ndlela yanamhlanje X-ray. Kuyinto ulwazi ngokukodwa kule ngezifo. Tomogram uyakwazi ukubona zonke ukuwa nemingxuma ezihambelana imimandla zavuleka emiphungeni.
4. Bronchoscopy. indlela Endoscopic diagnostic imisela ubovu endobronchitis, obturation. Uphononongo lunika ithuba lokubona Dynamics inkqubo yezifo.
5. Uhlaziyo isikhohlela. Emva imixholo bronchoscopy kunye isikhohlela wafumana zithunyelwa iimvavanyo kwelebhu. diagnostic tests lifumanisa ngezifo pathogen kwaye kusenza sikwazi ukubona ukuba uvakalelo ezincinane antibiotics.

iingxaki kunokwenzeka

Kuphela unyango ngexesha ugqirha enokuthintela le ngezifo, esibhidlayo. kuvela iingxaki, njengoko umthetho, ukuba utyelelo oogqirha libaziseko.

Kule meko, kusenokubakho nemiphumela emibi:

1. Owomileyo, effusion pleural.
2. Isisombululo em- pleural kukhokelela pneumoempyema ezililize. Isigulane sine-iintlungu nangegxalaba yayiyazi, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukubana intliziyo kwenzeka. imeko yesigulane kuguga. Le mba we yokuwa.
3. ukopha maz '.
4. Pyosepticemia. Le ngezifo kwalelo imvelaphi wentshabalalo emiphungeni inqanawa enkulu.
5. amyloidosis kwezintso. Yenzeka kwimeko uhlobo ezingapheliyo zesi sifo.

Ngaphezu koko, xa ukukhanya njengesilonda basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba ukufa.

unyango elondoloza

Uthomalaliso lwenziwa kwindawo esibhedlele.

Unyango njengesilonda kwemiphunga iqulathe la manyathelo alandelayo:

1. ubuthi ngokunzulu. Ukuze ezi njongo, isigulana ilawulwa yegazi plasma-wokusebenzisa izisombululo ubunzima molekyuli eliphantsi "Hemodez", "Reopoligljukin", "Neokompensan". Yabela plasma vodnoelektrolitnye umxube albumin. isisombululo alawulwa ngurhulumente glucose (5%, 10%) kunye insulin, kwakunye inhibitors of proteolysis "Trasylol", "Contrycal".
2. therapy isibulala-zintsholongwane. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, ngaphandle apho unyango njengesilonda wemiphunga nje akunakwenzeka. Ekuqaleni ukuncoma nemithi, kunye kuluhlu yaso ephangaleleyo yeziphumo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko amachiza zilandelayo: "Fortum", "Cefepime", "Meropenem", "Tienam". Ngokufuthi, izigulane elawulwa i zintsholongwane nangoko 2. Emva kokuchaza pathogen kukhethiwe irejimeni yonyango ngqo ngakumbi. iziyobisi ukuhlanganiswa "Ampicillin" iziyobisi "Tseporin", "Gentamycin", "Kefzol", "tetraolean" iphumelela kakhulu.
3. Iminjunju yento ephilayo. Le isigulane emiselweyo amayeza "Suprastin", "Diphenhydramine", "pipolfen".
4. izakhiwo vitamin ekucetyiswa "Retinol acetate" "riboflavin" "cyanocobalamin" "Thiamin" "pyridoxine" "acid Ascorbic".
5. Ukuba kukho amahlwili oluphezulu lwegazi, butofelwe isigulane zenyuse iziyobisi "lweeHedfowuni".
6. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumla ngokwaneleyo ngamathuba athile okanye unamaxesha humidified oxygen inhalation.
7. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uthabathe umlo kunye paresis le amathumbu, ngokuhlanganisa umthi tracheobronchial.
8. Faka iziyobisi phlegm. Ezi agents zoshwankathelo zilawulwe yegazi kwaye asetyenziselwa inhalation. Isiguli recommended amayeza "Ambroxol", "Lasolvan", "Ambrobene", "Haliksol", "ACC injective."

Xa imeko yomguli esweni ngokungqongqo ngexesha unyango. Kukho umsebenzi inkqubo sentliziyo, kwesibindi, nezintso. Abasemagunyeni yokugqibela anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, kuba zinika imveliso ye umbandela eyosulelekileyo kunye namayeza.

Unyango lwe ithumba kunye nemiphunga njengesilonda kubandakanya yamanzi kwisisu. isenzo esinjalo amkelwe, ukuba ithumba yenzelwe kufuphi nomphezulu kuhlawulwa yi-pleura.

therapy operative

Ukuba inkqubo uyasilela ukuzinzisa uthomalaliso endala, ngoko kukho zonke iimpawu zibonisa ukuba ungenelelo olukhulu. Kuba oku hemodynamic esilungisiweyo, ukuphazamiseka pathways zihlolwe imeko yomguli (ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwenza i operation).

Surgery kubandakanya ukususwa xuki ijwabu lung:

• lobectomy;
• bilobektomiyu;
• pneumonectomy.

nokunakekela

Esi sifo kakhulu kunzima kokubini ukuba izigulane kunye nabantu abagcina abantwana. Kakhulu Umlinganiseli awayesoloko nevumba elinukayo.

Ukunika ngoncedo kwisigulana, kufuneka kubekho:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-arhente deodorizing. Xa indima enjalo ukwenza creosote.
2. Kufuphi esililini isigulane kufuneka igcinwe spittoon. Ukunciphisa le nevumba elibi, kucetyiswa ukuba athulule isisombululo encinane deodorizing. Ukongeza, kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba uvale isiciko.
3. Izigulane abafunyenwe ekuboleni, sinotyekelo ukubila ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngoko ke, lo uza kufuna utshintsho rhoqo zokukhululana ebhedini.
4. Ngamanye amaxesha imeko umntu ukuze saxabana, ukuba unako nokuba ukwenza ukutya kwabo. Ngoko ke, abo banyamekela izigulane ezinjalo, isigulane kufuneka bondliwe ngecephe.
5. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa abanye ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni nasengqondweni.
6. Xa hemoptysis isigulane kufuneka ibe kwindawo semi-behleli.
7. Isigulane aluvumelekanga ukuthetha, usele isiselo eshushu okanye ukutya.

impilo Ipredikshini

Yintoni eza kwenzeka kwabo izigulane une njengesilonda lung? Ukungazi yezulu kuphela kwimeko ukuba akukho unyango ngexesha. Emva kokugula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu lusanda, eziquka iindawo esempilweni. Ukuba unyango emithethweni uyasilela, notyando singàphunyezwa, isigulane uyafa.

Nge unyango ngexesha oogqirha wabona into eyahluke ngokupheleleyo. Statistics uthi ngo-70-80% yazo zonke izigulane perebaryvat ekuboleni kuphila. ikhosi ngokupheleleyo nangokwaneleyo zonyango umntu ubuyela ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka iingxaki ezifana nokudumba, Ukopha yemiphunga, ukusilela zomzimba ezininzi. Phantsi kwezi zifo umguli nabadinga uncedo olungxamisekileyo. Ukuba nangasiphi na isizathu unganikezelwanga, umngcipheko omkhulu yeziphumo ayibuyiseki umva emzimbeni.

Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko kwakhona ukugxininisa oku kulandelayo: ukuze ukumelana nale ngezifo, kufuneka ngokukhawuleza ubone ugqirha kubetheleleke ngokupheleleyo izindululo oogqirha.